scyllo-Inositol

scyllo-Inositol
Names
IUPAC name
(1r,2r,3r,4r,5r,6r)-Cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaol
Other names
Scyllitol; Cocositol; Quercinitol; AZD 103; 1,3,5/2,4,6-Hexahydroxycyclohexane; scyllo-Cyclohexanehexol
Identifiers
488-59-5 YesY
ChemSpider 10254646 N
4649
Jmol interactive 3D Image
Properties
C6H12O6
Molar mass 180.16 g·mol−1
Appearance White crystalline solid
Melting point 348.5 to 350 °C (659.3 to 662.0 °F; 621.6 to 623.1 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

scyllo-Inositol is one of the stereoisomers of inositol. It is also known as scyllitol, cocositol, quercinitol, and 1,3,5/2,4,6-hexahydroxycyclohexane. scyllo-Inositol is a naturally occurring plant sugar alcohol found most abundantly in the coconut palm.[1]

Biological effects

Researchers at the University of Toronto have found that scyllo-inositol can block the development of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques in the brains of transgenic mice.[2] scyllo-Inositol also reversed memory deficits, reduced the formation of Aβ plaques, and alleviated other symptoms that are associated with the accumulation of Aβ proteins in these mice.[3]

Clinical evaluation

scyllo-Inositol is under investigation by Transition Therapeutics as a disease-modifying therapy for Alzheimer's disease under the designation AZD-103. A patent was issued on April 21, 2009 (US patent number 7,521,481) claiming the use of scyllo-inositol for treating Alzheimer's disease.[4] scyllo-Inositol is undergoing clinical investigation as an orally-administered therapeutic agent for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. It has received fast track designation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Transition has partnered with Elan Corporation on the development of the compound under the designation ELND005. ELND005 is currently in a Phase 2 clinical study, which completed enrollment in October 2008. The study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging, safety and efficacy study in approximately 353 patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. The planned treatment period for each patient is approximately 18 months.

In December 2009, Elan and Transition jointly reported that the study has been modified so that only the 250 mg twice daily dose will be continued because of greater rates of adverse events, including 9 deaths, in the higher dose groups (1000 mg and 2000 mg dosed twice daily).[5] Although the clinical trial helped establish the safety profile, the removal of the higher dose groups reduced the power of the study to establish efficacy.[6]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Scyllitol, Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
  2. ↑ Aβ Busters and Other Ploys Show Promise for Treating Neurodegeneration
  3. ↑ "Cyclohexanehexol inhibitors of Abeta aggregation prevent and reverse Alzheimer phenotype in a mouse model" 12 (7). July 2006: 801–8. doi:10.1038/nm1423. PMID 16767098.
  4. ↑ Elan and Transition Therapeutics Receive Key Patent for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment with ELND005
  5. ↑ Elan and Transition Therapeutics Announce Modifications to ELND005 Phase II Clinical Trials in Alzheimer's Disease
  6. ↑ Ma K, Thomason LA, McLaurin J (2012). "scyllo-Inositol, preclinical, and clinical data for Alzheimer's disease". ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 64: 177–212. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-394816-8.00006-4. PMID 22840748.

External links

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