Scythris

Scythris
Imago of Scythris heinemanni at Cerreto Ratti (Borghetto di Borbera, Italy)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Division:	Ditrysia
Family:	Scythrididae (disputed)
Genus:	Scythris Hübner, [1825]
Type species
Tinea chenopodiella Hübner, [1813]
Species
Numerous, see text
Synonyms
[1] Butalis Treitschke, 1833 Copida Sodoffsky, 1837 Galanthia Hübner, 1825 Rubioia Agenjo, 1962

Scythris is a genus of gelechioid moths. It is the type genus of the flower moth family, which is sometimes included as a subfamily in the Xyloryctidae, or together with these merged into the Oecophoridae.^[2]

It is the largest genus of flower moths, and as such might not be fully monophyletic with regard to some very small or monotypic genera placed in the same family. In addition, new species of Scythris continue to be discovered and described.^[3]

Selected species

Species groups

The species of Scythris have been divided among several groups, which may or may not be monophyletic; those that are may – provided they are closely enough related to the type species S. limbella – be considered subgenera. Species group include:^[4]

aerariella group Scythris adustella Jäckh, 1978 Scythris aerariella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855) Scythris anomaloptera (Staudinger, 1880) Scythris binotiferella (Ragonot, 1880) Scythris carboniella Jäckh, 1978 Scythris corsa Passerin d'Entrèves, 1986 Scythris dorycniella (Milliére, 1861) Scythris flaviventrella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855) Scythris hungaricella Rebel, 1917 Scythris imperiella Jäckh, 1978 Scythris jaeckhi Bengtsson, 1989 Scythris lhommei Bengtsson & Passerin d'Entrèves, 1988 Scythris parnassiae Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris popescugorji Passerin d'Entrèves, 1984 Scythris ridiculella Caradja, 1920 Scythris tergestinella (Zeller, 1855) Scythris tumidella K. & T.Nupponen, 2001 alseriella group Scythris alseriella (Turati, 1879) Scythris fasciatella (Ragonot, 1880) ammobia group Scythris ammobia Falkovitch, 1972 Scythris asema Falkovitch, 1972 Scythris asthena Falkovitch, 1972 Scythris hypolepta Falkovitch, 1972 Scythris mongholica Passerin d'Entrèves & Roggero, 2006 Scythris physalis Falkovitch, 1972 Australian group Scythris adelopa Meyrick, 1897 Scythris celidopa Meyrick, 1921 Scythris ceratocosma Meyrick, 1897 Scythris crypsigramma Meyrick, 1897 Scythris detestata Meyrick, 1922 Scythris diatoma (Turner, 1927) Scythris erebospila Meyrick, 1897 Scythris fumida Turner, 1923 Scythris hologramma (Lower, 1899) Scythris leucochyta (Turner, 1947) Scythris paredra Meyrick, 1897 Scythris pleonectis Meyrick, 1897 Scythris plocanota Meyrick, 1897 Scythris praestructa Meyrick, 1922 Scythris rhabducha Meyrick, 1897 Scythris sporadica Meyrick, 1897 Scythris xenonympha (Lower, 1900) canescens group Scythris appendicella Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris articulatella Chrétien, 1915 Scythris barbatella Chrétien, 1915 Scythris biskraensis Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris canescens (Staudinger, 1880) Scythris cupellella Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris curlettii Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris eremella Chrétien, 1915 Scythris eucharis Walsingham, 1907 Scythris maculosa Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris neftae Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris pediculella Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris pura Walsingham, 1907 Scythris senecai Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris tessulatella Rebel, 1903 cicadella group Scythris arenbergeri Passerin d'Entrèves, 1986 Scythris bajanlegi Passerin d'Entrèves & Roggero, 2006 Scythris cicadella (Zeller, 1839) Scythris moldavicella Caradja, 1905 (= S. balcanica) Scythris potentillella (Zeller, 1847) Scythris ventosella Chrétien 1907 cistorum group Scythris cistorum (Milliére, 1876) Scythris nieukerkeni Bengtsson, 1989 Scythris rondaensis Bengtsson, 1997 decrepidella group Scythris decrepidella Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris goundafae Bengtsson, 1997 empetrella group Scythris empetrella Karsholt & Nielsen 1976 Scythris gozmanyi Passerin d'Entrèves 1986 fallacella group Scythris baldensis Passerin d'Entrèves 1979 Scythris fallacella (Schläger 1847) Scythris oelandicella Müller-Rutz 1922 Scythris sappadensis Bengtsson, 1992 Scythris tremalzoi Bengtsson, 1992

formicella group Scythris formicella Chrétien, 1915 Scythris kebiliensis Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris minima Bengtsson, 1997 fuscoaenea group Scythris derrai Bengtsson, 1991 Scythris dissimilella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855) Scythris fuscoaenea (Haworth, 1828) Scythris parafuscoaenea Bengtsson, 1991 Scythris tabelli Junnilainen, 2002 Scythris tenuivittella (Stainton, 1867) Scythris traugotti Bengtsson, 1991 Scythris vartianae Kasy, 1962 Scythris vittella (O.Costa, 1834) grandipennis group Scythris bornicensis Jäckh, 1977 Scythris constanti Walsingham, 1898 Scythris cupreella (Staudinger, 1859) Scythris ericetella (Heinemann, 1872) Scythris grandipennis (Haworth, 1828) Scythris kasyi Hannemann, 1962 Scythris maroccensis Jäckh, 1977 Scythris nevadensis Passerin d'Entrèves, 1990 Scythris salviella Meess, 1910 Scythris scipionella (Staudinger, 1859) Scythris scorpionella Jäckh, 1977 Scythris siculella Jäckh, 1977 Scythris tabidella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855) inertella group Scythris ethmiella Amsel, 1974 Scythris inertella (Zeller, 1855) Scythris xanthopygella (Staudinger, 1859) insulella ("ericivorella") group Scythris ericivorella (Ragonot, 1880) Scythris insulella (Staudinger, 1859) klimeschi group Scythris guimarensis Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris klimeschi Bengtsson, 1997 knochella group Scythris ambustella Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris aspromontis Jäckh, 1978 Scythris ciliatella Zerny, 1936 Scythris heinemanni Scythris iberica Jäckh, 1978 Scythris knochella (Fabricius, 1794) Scythris schawerdae Rebel, 1931 Scythris setiella (Zeller, 1870) Scythris staudingeri Jäckh, 1978 laminella group Scythris andersi Bengtsson, 1991 Scythris bolognella Jäckh, 1978 Scythris braschiella (O.Hofmann, 1897) Scythris bubaniae Walsingham, 1907 Scythris eberhardi Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris frankeniella Chrétien, 1916 Scythris kailai Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris laminella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) Scythris saxella Bengtsson, 1991 Scythris thomisioides Bengtsson, 1997 limbella group – possibly subgenus Scythris Scythris elegantella (D.Lucas, 1955) Scythris limbella martini group Scythris bengtbengtssoni Vives, 1994 Scythris martini Bengtsson, 1991 obscurella group – possibly subgenus Galanthia Scythris amphonycella (Geyer, [1836]) Scythris bengtssoni Patocka & Liska, 1989 Scythris cuspidella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) Scythris flavilaterella (Fuchs, 1886) Scythris hornigii (Zeller, 1855) Scythris lampyrella (Constant, 1865) Scythris mediella (Constant, 1855) Scythris obscurella (Scopoli, 1763) Scythris rouxella (Constant 1865) (sometimes in C. hornigii, tentatively placed here) Scythris speyeri (Heinemann & Wocke, 1876)

pascuella group Scythris aciella Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris albidella (Stainton, 1867) Scythris bifissella (O.Hofmann, 1889) Scythris cornuella Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris flavidella Preissecker, 1911 Scythris kantarae Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris karinupponei Bengtsson, 2000 Scythris lagunae Jäckh, 1978 Scythris mikkolai Sinev, 1993 Scythris orientella Sinev, 2001 Scythris pascuella (Zeller, 1855) Scythris paullella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855) Scythris perlucidella K. & T.Nupponen, 2000 Scythris pudorinella (Möschler, 1866) Scythris satyrella Staudinger, 1880 Scythris subaerariella (Stainton, 1867) Scythris tabescentella (Staudinger, 1880) penicillata group Scythris penicillata (Chrétien 1900) Scythris spinella K. & T.Nupponen, 2001 petrella group Scythris arachnodes Walsingham, 1908 Scythris hierroella Klimesch, 1986 Scythris petrella Walsingham, 1908 Scythris pseudoarachnodes Bengtsson, 1997 picaepennis group Scythris disparella (Tengström, 1848) Scythris picaepennis (Haworth, 1828) pulicella group Scythris azrouensis Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris corleyi Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris langohri Passerin d'Entrèves, 1990 Scythris pilella Bengtsson, 1991 Scythris pulicella (Staudinger, 1859) Scythris skulei Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris veletae Passerin d'Entrèves, 1990 punctivittella group Scythris albostriata Hannemann, 1961 Scythris apicistrigella (Staudinger, 1870) Scythris atlasensis Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris confluens (Staudinger, 1870) Scythris cycladeae Jäckh, 1978 Scythris emichi (Anker, 1870) Scythris punctivittella (O.Costa, 1836) Scythris trinacriae Passerin d'Entrèves 1984 schleichiella group Scythris glacialis (Frey, 1870) Scythris gratiosella Jäckh, 1978 Scythris schleichiella (Zeller, 1870) Scythris similis Hannemann, 1961 Scythris subschleichiella Hannemann, 1961 scopolella group Scythris apicalis (Zeller, 1847) Scythris flabella (Mann, 1861) Scythris scopolella seliniella group Scythris acarioides Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris annae Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris clavella (Zeller, 1855) Scythris seliniella (Zeller, 1839) Scythris subseliniella (Heinemann, 1876) Scythris villari Agenjo, 1971 siccella group Scythris lafauryi Passerin d'Entrèves 1986 Scythris lempkei Bengtsson & Langohr, 1989 Scythris siccella (Zeller, 1839) Scythris subsiccella Bengtsson, 1997 subfasciata group Scythris anthracodes Walsingham, 1907 Scythris friedeli Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris levantina Passerin d'Entrèves & Vives, 1990 Scythris locustella Chrétien, 1915 Scythris pseudolocustella Passerin d'Entrèves & Vives, 1990 Scythris subfasciata (Staudinger, 1880)

Monospecific "groups"

In addition to the groups above, there is a considerable number of species in this genus whose exact relationships are hitherto elusive. Some have been placed in a "species group" of their own, as they are too distinct from the other groups to be included there, yet at the same time have characteristic autapomorphies. They include:^[3]

Scythris aenea Passerin d'Entrèves 1984 Scythris bagdadiella Amsel, 1949 Scythris bazaensis Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris boseanella Klimesch, 1986 Scythris camelella Walsingham, 1907 Scythris crassiuscula (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855) Scythris crypta Hannemann 1961 Scythris dissitella (Zeller, 1847) Scythris fuscopterella Bengtsson 1977 Scythris gobiensis Passerin d'Entrèves & Roggero, 2006 Scythris gravatella (Zeller, 1847) Scythris iagella Chrétien 1925

Scythris inclusella Lederer, 1855 Scythris inspersella (Hübner 1817) Scythris karinae Bengtsson 1991 Scythris karsholti Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris mariannae Bengtsson 1991 Scythris meanderis Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris monochreella (Ragonot, 1896) Scythris mus Walsingham, 1898 Scythris nigrella Jäckh, 1978 Scythris nipholecta Meyrick, 1924

Scythris noricella (Zeller, 1843) Scythris palustris (Zeller, 1855) Scythris passerini (Bengtsson, 1997) Scythris pinkeri Klimesch, 1986 Scythris platypyga (Staudinger, 1880) Scythris podoliensis Rebel, 1938 Scythris polycarpaeae Klimesch, 1986 Scythris productella (Zeller, 1839) Scythris rubioi Agenjo, 1962 – possibly subgenus Rubioia Scythris sinensis (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875) Scythris tributella (Zeller, 1847)

Species incertae sedis

Finally, there are some species which are neither clearly assignable to any one species group, nor autapomorphic enough to be included in a monospecific "group". These include:^[3]

Scythris acipenserella K. & T.Nupponen, 2000 Scythris aegrella K. Nupponen & Junnilainen, 2000 Scythris albisaxella K. & T.Nupponen, 2000 Scythris alceella Junnilainen, 2002 Scythris arenicola K.Nupponen, 2005 Scythris arerai Huemer, 2000 Scythris arkaimensis Bengtsson, 2000 Scythris brunneofasciella K. Nupponen & Junnilainen, 2000 Scythris buszkoi Baran, 2003 Scythris capitalis (Erschoff, 1874) Scythris cassiterella (Snellen, 1884) (= S. baikalensis) Scythris cervella K. & T.Nupponen, 2001 Scythris chrysopygella Caradja, 1927 Scythris cirra Falkovitch, 1969< Scythris cretacella K. & T.Nupponen, 2000 Scythris elenae K.Nupponen, 2000 Scythris erinacella Nupponen, 2003 Scythris eversmanni K. & T. Nupponen, 2000 Scythris felesella Bengtsson, 1997

Scythris felixi Bengtsson & Sutter, 1996 Scythris garciapitai Vives, 2001 Scythris gladiella K. & T.Nupponen, 2004 Scythris gorbunovi Nupponen, 2003 Scythris hamardabanica Nupponen, 2003 Scythris hamatella K. & T.Nupponen, 2001 Scythris inconspicuella Sinev, 2001 Scythris jalavai Sinev, 1993 Scythris kaszabi Passerin d'Entrèves & Roggero, 2006 Scythris kullbergi Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris kyzylensis Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris lagomorphella Nupponen, 2002 Scythris lativalvella Sinev, 2001 Scythris luxatiella K.Nupponen & Kaitila, 2000 Scythris macrourella Sinev, 2001 Scythris malozemovi Nupponen, 2003 Scythris minorella Sinev, 2001 Scythris ninae Nupponen, 2003 Scythris nitidella Bengtsson & Liska, 1996 Scythris nivicolor Meyrick, 1916 Scythris obliqua Falkovitch, 1969

Scythris olschwangi K. & T.Nupponen, 2000 Scythris pallidella Passerin d'Entrèves & Roggero, 2006 Scythris potatorella Nupponen, 2003 Scythris remexella K. Nupponen & Kaitila, 2000 Scythris saarelai K. & T.Nupponen, 1999 Scythris sachkovi Passerin d'Entrèves & Roggero, 2006 Scythris sibirella Sinev, 2001 Scythris sinevi Nupponen, 2003 Scythris subcassiterella Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris sublaminella K. & T.Nupponen, 2000 Scythris talyniella Passerin d'Entrèves & Roggero, 2006 Scythris tauromeniella Passerin d'Entrèves & Roggero, 2004 Scythris taygeticola Scholz, 1997 Scythris terekholensis Bengtsson, 1997 Scythris trivinctella (Zeller, 1873) Scythris ustjuzhanini Sachkov & Sinev, 2001 Scythris vernusella Jäckh, 1978

Footnotes

1. AEBR (2008), and see references in Savela (2008)
2. Pitkin & Jenkins (2004), AEBR (2008), ToL (2008), FE (2009), and see references in Savela (2008)
3. FE (2009), and see references in Savela (2008)
4. AEBR (2008), FE (2009), and see references in Savela (2008)

References

• Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS) (2008): Australian Faunal Directory – Scythris. Version of 2008-OCT-09. Retrieved 2010-MAY-01.
• Fauna Europaea (FE) (2009): Scythris. Version 2.1, 2009-DEC-22. Retrieved 2010-MAY-01.
• Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul (2004): Butterflies and Moths of the World, Generic Names and their Type-species – Scythris. Version of 2004-NOV-05. Retrieved 2010-MAY-01.
• Savela, Markku (2008): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms – Scythris. Version of 2008-JUL-17. Retrieved 2010-MAY-01.
• Tree of Life Web Project (ToL) (2009): Xyloryctidae. Version of 2008-MAY-01. Retrieved 2010-APR-30.