Srbija do Tokija
Srbija do Tokija, (Serbian Cyrillic: Србија до Токија), meaning "Serbia to Tokyo", is a slogan and catch-phrase dating back to the early 1990s. At that time, Serbian football club Red Star Belgrade had won the European Cup, and also the worldwide title in Tokyo, Japan, winning the Intercontinental Cup. This was the greatest success of any football club ever in Yugoslavia, and was much envied by the other nations at the time of increased ethnic tensions. The phrase has been used by Serbian soccer fans to taunt fans from rival ethnic groups in the beginning of the Yugoslav wars of the 1990s. There have been incidents of graffiti containing the message in Vojvodina, Central Serbia, as well as in Republika Srpska and other parts of Bosnia-Herzegovina.[1][2][3] Such graffiti was also seen in Kosovo during the Kosovo War.[4]
Origin of the phrase
On May 29, 1991, as inter-ethnic relations in Yugoslavia were growing tenser, Serbian football club Red Star Belgrade defeated French team Olympique de Marseille to win the European Cup – the first Yugoslav team to do so. As the winners of the European Cup, Red Star Belgrade earned a place in the Intercontinental Cup, which was held at the Tokyo Olympic Stadium. Exultant fans coined the phrase to glorify their team's upcoming adventure.
On December 8, Red Star Belgrade won the Intercontinental Cup, defeating Chilean team Colo-Colo. By that time, the tension that had underlain the European Cup match had ignited into the Yugoslav Wars, with a short-lived war in Slovenia, and a full-scale war in Croatia. In this context, the phrase's associations with Serbian victory made it particularly appealing to nationalists and militarists.
Occurrences
Graffiti containing the message has been sighted in Vojvodina, in Central Serbia, and in Republika Srpska.[1][2][3] Such graffiti was also seen in Kosovo during the Kosovo War.[4] In the Kosovo village of Lozica, the local Albanian population was claiming that the graffiti "Srbije do Tokija" was written by Serbian military forces during the destruction of the village.[5]
During 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, phrase was expanded. "Srbija do Tokija, al' preko Milvokija", meaning "Serbia to Tokyo, but over Milwaukee", in order to show disagreement with USA role during 1999 bombing. After the bombardment ended, phrase extension was abandoned.[6]
In Kragujevac during the night of 5/6 January 2001, unknown attackers have destroyed a shop owned by a Chinese citizen and added a slogan on the building walls [7]
Outside of Serbia in ex-Yugoslavia, the slogan is sometimes written on walls, but then it is taken as a derogatory joke and nationalistic provocation.[8]
References in popular culture
- The Serbian alternative rock band Goribor released a demo album Stondom do Tokija (Stoned to Tokyo) as a parody for the slogan.
References
External links
- Article on the 2006 secession of Montenegro from Serbia, exploring how "Srbija do Tokija" is no longer applicable, at the International Herald Tribune
- Article on Serbian/Albanian conflicts in 1999, including the use of "Serbia to Tokyo" as a graffito, at the New York Times
- Review of Melanie Friend's No Place Like Home: Echoes from Kosovo, in which "Serbia to Tokyo" is compared to threats of rape and murder.