Serine racemase

Serine racemase
Rendering based on 3hmk
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 3L6B​, 3L6R​
Identifiers
Symbols	SRR ; ILV1; ISO1
External IDs	OMIM: 606477 HomoloGene: 22775 ChEMBL: 4460 GeneCards: SRR Gene
EC number	4.3.1.17, 4.3.1.18, 5.1.1.18
Gene ontology Molecular function • magnesium ion binding • L-serine ammonia-lyase activity • calcium ion binding • ATP binding • D-serine ammonia-lyase activity • glycine binding • threonine racemase activity • PDZ domain binding • pyridoxal phosphate binding • serine racemase activity • protein homodimerization activity Cellular component • cytoplasm • plasma membrane • neuronal cell body • apical part of cell Biological process • L-serine metabolic process • brain development • aging • serine family amino acid metabolic process • response to lipopolysaccharide • response to drug • pyruvate biosynthetic process • response to morphine • protein homotetramerization • D-serine metabolic process • D-serine biosynthetic process Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	63826	27364
Ensembl	ENSG00000167720	ENSMUSG00000001323
UniProt	Q9GZT4	Q9QZX7
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001304803	NM_001163311
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001291732	NP_001156783
Location (UCSC)	Chr 17: 2.3 – 2.33 Mb	Chr 11: 74.91 – 74.93 Mb
PubMed search

Serine racemase is an enzyme which generates D-serine from L-serine. D-serine acts as a neuronal signaling molecule by activating NMDA receptors in the brain. In humans, the serine racemase protein is encoded by the SRR gene.^[1]

Mammalian serine racemase is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate dependent enzyme that catalyzes both the racemization of L-serine to D-serine and also the elimination of water from L-serine, generating pyruvate and ammonia.^[2] The enzyme is physiologically stimulated by divalent cations (e.g., magnesium) and is allosterically activated by the magnesium/ATP complex.

References

1. De Miranda J, Santoro A, Engelender S, Wolosker H (Oct 2000). "Human serine racemase: moleular cloning, genomic organization and functional analysis". Gene 256 (1-2): 183–8. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00356-5. PMID 11054547.
2. De Miranda J, Panizzutti R, Foltyn VN, Wolosker H (Oct 2002). "Cofactors of serine racemase that physiologically stimulate the synthesis of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor coagonist D-serine". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99 (22): 14542–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.222421299. PMC 137919. PMID 12393813.

Further reading

• Morita Y, Ujike H, Tanaka Y, Otani K, Kishimoto M, Morio A, Kotaka T, Okahisa Y, Matsushita M, Morikawa A, Hamase K, Zaitsu K, Kuroda S (May 2007). "A genetic variant of the serine racemase gene is associated with schizophrenia". Biological Psychiatry 61 (10): 1200–3. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.025. PMID 17067558.
• Steffek AE, Haroutunian V, Meador-Woodruff JH (Jul 2006). "Serine racemase protein expression in cortex and hippocampus in schizophrenia". NeuroReport 17 (11): 1181–5. doi:10.1097/01.wnr.0000230512.01339.72. PMID 16837850.
• Fujii K, Maeda K, Hikida T, Mustafa AK, Balkissoon R, Xia J, Yamada T, Ozeki Y, Kawahara R, Okawa M, Huganir RL, Ujike H, Snyder SH, Sawa A (Feb 2006). "Serine racemase binds to PICK1: potential relevance to schizophrenia". Molecular Psychiatry 11 (2): 150–7. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001776. PMID 16314870.
• Dumin E, Bendikov I, Foltyn VN, Misumi Y, Ikehara Y, Kartvelishvily E, Wolosker H (Jul 2006). "Modulation of D-serine levels via ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of serine racemase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 281 (29): 20291–302. doi:10.1074/jbc.M601971200. PMID 16714286.
• Strísovský K, Jirásková J, Barinka C, Majer P, Rojas C, Slusher BS, Konvalinka J (Jan 2003). "Mouse brain serine racemase catalyzes specific elimination of L-serine to pyruvate". FEBS Letters 535 (1-3): 44–8. doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03855-3. PMID 12560076.
• Hoffman HE, Jirásková J, Ingr M, Zvelebil M, Konvalinka J (Jan 2009). "Recombinant human serine racemase: enzymologic characterization and comparison with its mouse ortholog". Protein Expression and Purification 63 (1): 62–7. doi:10.1016/j.pep.2008.09.003. PMID 18812225.
• Sarras H, Semeralul MO, Fadel MP, Feldcamp LA, Labrie V, Wong AH (Jul 2010). "Elevated PICK1 mRNA in schizophrenia increased SRR mRNA in suicide". Schizophrenia Research 120 (1-3): 236–7. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.03.002. PMID 20385472.
• Yamada K, Ohnishi T, Hashimoto K, Ohba H, Iwayama-Shigeno Y, Toyoshima M, Okuno A, Takao H, Toyota T, Minabe Y, Nakamura K, Shimizu E, Itokawa M, Mori N, Iyo M, Yoshikawa T (Jun 2005). "Identification of multiple serine racemase (SRR) mRNA isoforms and genetic analyses of SRR and DAO in schizophrenia and D-serine levels". Biological Psychiatry 57 (12): 1493–503. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.03.018. PMID 15953485.
• Xia M, Liu Y, Figueroa DJ, Chiu CS, Wei N, Lawlor AM, Lu P, Sur C, Koblan KS, Connolly TM (Jun 2004). "Characterization and localization of a human serine racemase". Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research 125 (1-2): 96–104. doi:10.1016/j.molbrainres.2004.03.007. PMID 15193426.

External links

• Serine racemase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)