Windows Services for UNIX

Korn shell running on SUA
C shell running on SUA

Windows Services for UNIX (SFU) is a discontinued software package; and Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications (SUA)[1] is a related software package produced by Microsoft which provides a Unix subsystem and other parts of a full Unix environment on Windows NT and some of its immediate successor operating-systems. It was an extension and replacement of the minimal Microsoft POSIX subsystem from Windows NT.

SFU 1.0 and 2.0 (NT 4.0 and Windows 2000) used the MKS Toolkit; starting with SFU 3.0 (Windows XP; 1999), SFU used the Interix subsystem,[2] which was acquired by Microsoft in 1999 from US-based Softway Systems as part of an asset acquisition.[3] These are available free from Microsoft as a download. Windows Server 2003 R2 included SFU 3.5 (on Disk 2), and renamed it to Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications (SUA).[1] In Windows Server 2008 and high-end versions of both Windows Vista and Windows 7 (Enterprise and Ultimate), a minimal SUA is included, but most of the utilities must again be downloaded from Microsoft's web site.[2]

Like the Microsoft POSIX subsystem in Windows NT that it replaces, Interix is not an emulation of a Unix kernel, but rather an implementation of a user-mode subsystem running on the Windows NT kernel.[4]

Windows Services for Unix and Subsystem for Unix-based Applications provide header files and libraries that make it easier to recompile or port Unix applications for use on Windows; they do not make Unix binaries compatible with Windows binaries. It is best thought of as a distinct Unix-like platform.

Components

As of 2011 SFU contains:

SFU does not contain the following:

Although SFU includes X Window System client libraries and applications, it does not contain a native X server. Administrators may configure any of the numerous third-party Windows X servers. Fully featured free options include Cygwin/X, Xming and WeirdX.

Releases

SFU 1.0

Microsoft produced at least one beta release of the initial version of SFU before its final release in February 1999. This release, in English only, was supported on the Windows NT 4.0 SP3+ for x86 and Alpha platforms. This is the only known release to support Alpha. It included a demonstration version of the MKS Toolkit along with the following components:

SFU 2.0

This second installment of SFU was released April 2000 and was also for English; however, a Japanese-language release appeared just two months later in June 2000. Both ran on Windows NT 4.0 SP4+ and Windows 2000 on x86 platforms with Internet Explorer 4.01+. SFU 2.0 supported the following UNIX versions: Solaris 2.6+, HP-UX 10.2+, AIX 4.2+, Tru64 UNIX 5.0+, and Red Hat Linux 5.1+. It included the following components:

There were subsequent updated OEM releases SFU 2.1, SFU 2.2, and SFU 2.3.

SFU 3.0

This version, released in May 2002, was the first release to include the Interix subsystem. Previously Microsoft had released Interix 2.2 (actually version 2.2.5) as a separate product around the same time frame as SFU 2.0. This SFU release included Interix release 3.0 (commonly called the "version" as reported by uname -r) with an internal Microsoft version of 7.0 that relates to internal build sequences. This Interix release contained significant technical extensions from the Interix 2.2 release such as a rooted file system and setuid functionality that were entirely based on the Softway Systems' Interix development codenamed "Firebrand". This was also released in English and followed by a later release in Japanese in October 2002, adding internationalization support. Both supported Windows NT 4.0 SP6a+, Windows 2000, and Windows XP Professional on x86 platforms with Internet Explorer 5.0+. The MKS Toolkit was no longer included. It included the following components:

SFU 3.5

This was the final release of SFU and the only release to be distributed free of charge. It was released January 2004 and included both English and Japanese versions for Windows 2000, Windows XP Professional, and Windows Server 2003 (original release only[lower-alpha 1]) on x86 platforms with Internet Explorer 5.0+. It included Interix subsystem release 3.5 (build version 8.0) adding internationalization support (at least for the English version which did not have such until now) and POSIX threading. This release could only be installed to an NTFS file system (earlier versions supported FAT; this was for improved file-security requirements in Interix 3.5). The following UNIX versions were supported for NFS components: Solaris 7 and 8, Red Hat Linux 8.0, AIX 5L 5.2, and HP-UX 11i. It included the following components:

Microsoft does not intend to produce any further standalone versions of SFU, opting instead for the integrated SUA. As of February 6, 2014 v3.5 is still downloadable.[5] General support will continue until 2011; extended support until 2014.[6]

SUA and separate NFS

Windows Server 2003 R2 contains most SFU components, namely Microsoft Services for Network File System (NFS), Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications (SUA, aka Interix), and Identity Management for UNIX.[7] The July 2007 SFU 3.5 Security Update updated posix.exe and related files to match the SUA version.[8]

Unlike the SFU, the SUA version included in Windows Server 2003 R2 (and subsequent versions) has 64-bit support and allows linking of Win32 libraries to SUA applications.[9]

Windows Vista and Windows 7 Enterprise and Ultimate Editions also contain the Services for Unix components, now called the Subsystem for UNIX-based applications (SUA),[1] and Client for NFS v3. Users must download the utilities and SDK separately. However, the server components from the SFU product line (namely Server for NFS, User Name Mapping, Server for NIS, Password Synchronization etc.) are not included[10]–these are included in Server editions of Windows (i.e. Windows Server 2008).

The NFS client feature and server features are separate from the SUA in Windows 7 and 2008, respectively.[11] In the desktop version (Windows 7) NFS is only available in the Enterprise and Ultimate editions.[12] The free reference implementation of NFS 4.1 for Windows (by UMICH CITI), the development of which was sponsored by Microsoft,[13] does work on lower-end versions of Windows 7, but requires more involved installation.[14]

In Windows 8, the NFS client gained krb5p (Kerberos 5 with full data encryption) support. In Windows 7, Kerberos 5 was supported for authentication, but only packet integrity checking was available for data. The maximum block/buffer size was also increased from 32 KB to 1 MB in Windows 8.[15]

Windows Server 2012 added support for NFS 4.1 server.[16][17] The new implementation is kernel-based (RPC/XDR-wise) but many optional features from NFS4 are not implemented, including ACLs, pNFS etc. There is however support in powershell for mapping user identities.[18]

SUA was deprecated after the release of Windows 8 Developer Preview. It was included in Windows 8.0 Enterprise and completely removed in Windows 8.1, including the Enterprise edition.[19] It's also deprecated but still available in Windows Server 2012,[20] but removed from Windows Server 2012 R2.[21] The NFS server is still supported in Windows 2012 R2.[22][23]

Known problems

Character translation must be used to accommodate filenames which include a colon (:) or other characters that do not comply with the naming conventions of Windows file-systems. Files with the same name but different cases are also not allowed by default, but can be enabled on installation with the side-effect of making the underlying partition's filesystem case-sensitive,[24][25] even for the Win32 subsystem.

Network authentication for UNIX systems relies on the insecure NIS protocol (LDAP- and Kerberos-based authentication require a third-party solution). Microsoft has released several hotfixes for Windows Services for UNIX, and at least one Security Update (KB939778). The GNU Project utilities are several versions older than the latest ones. A separate port of the up-to-date Debian utilities was started in 2007, but apparently abandoned in 2009.[26] Several of the text processing utilities in SUA (e.g. awk) are not compatible with Unicode or wide character text files.

No version of Windows Services for UNIX is available for Windows XP Professional x64 Edition.[27]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Only works on "R1", not on R2

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications Overview". Technet.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2014-01-10.
  2. 1 2 Dale Liu; Justin Peltier (2008). Next Generation SSH2 Implementation: Securing Data in Motion. Syngress. pp. 181–182. ISBN 978-1-59749-283-6.
  3. ↑ Microsoft Acquires Softway Systems to Strengthen Future Customer Interoperability Solutions, Sep 17, 1999, Press Release, Microsoft Corporation
  4. ↑ "How to perform maintenance and ancillary tasks after a UNIX-to-Windows migration". Support.microsoft.com. 2006-10-30. Retrieved 2014-01-10.
  5. ↑ Download details: Windows Services for UNIX Version 3.5, Date Published: 9/21/2006, Microsoft
  6. ↑ It's the End of the Line for Microsoft's Services for Unix Product, September 1, 2005, Microsoft Watch, eWeek
  7. ↑ Microsoft Windows Server 2003 R2 UNIX Interoperability Components, Microsoft Archived May 10, 2005, at the Wayback Machine.
  8. ↑ Microsoft Security Bulletin MS07-053 - Important : Vulnerability in Windows Services for UNIX Could Allow Elevation of Privilege (939778)
  9. ↑ Open Source at Microsoft. Subsystem for UNIX-Based Applications: Providing More Choices
  10. ↑ UNIX Interoperability and Windows Vista, Published 01 May 2007, Ashish, Services for UNIX - Interoperability Blog, MSDN Blogs
  11. ↑ "Installation & Configuration of Windows NFS Client to enable Windows to Mount a UNIX File System - Running SAP Applications on SQL Server - Site Home - MSDN Blogs". Blogs.msdn.com. 2011-02-03. Retrieved 2014-01-10.
  12. ↑ "Mount NFS Share Windows 7 | Zwiegnet Blog 2013 | Server Hosting". Blog.zwiegnet.com. Retrieved 2014-01-10.
  13. ↑ http://www.zdnet.com/blog/microsoft/microsoft-finances-open-source-nfs-v4-implementation-for-windows/2582
  14. ↑ "NFS Client in Windows 7 Pro « drink the sweet feeling of the colour zero". Trevorpott.com. 2012-04-29. Retrieved 2014-01-10.
  15. ↑ http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sfu/archive/2012/08/01/client-for-nfs-in-windows-8.aspx
  16. ↑ "Server for NFS in Windows Server 2012 - The Storage Team at Microsoft - File Cabinet Blog - Site Home - TechNet Blogs". Blogs.technet.com. 2012-09-14. Retrieved 2014-01-10.
  17. ↑ http://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/05/01/microsoft_nfs/
  18. ↑ http://www.snia.org/sites/default/files2/SDC2012/presentations/NFS/RoopishBattepati_NFSv4-1v4_1.pdf
  19. ↑ Reiter, Brian (15 September 2011). "SUA Deprecated in Windows 8". Retrieved 15 October 2011. SUA is deprecated starting with [the Windows 8 M3 Developer Preview] release and will be completely removed from the next release.
  20. ↑ "Features Removed or Deprecated in Windows Server 2012".
  21. ↑ "Features Removed or Deprecated in Windows Server 2012 R2 Preview".
  22. ↑ "Network File System Overview". Technet.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2014-01-10.
  23. ↑ Minasi, Mark; Greene, Kevin; Booth, Christian; Butler, Robert; McCabe, John; Panek, Robert; Rice, Michael; Roth, Stefan (2013). Mastering Windows Server 2012 R2. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 565 and 636. ISBN 978-1-118-33394-5.
  24. ↑ Windows Services for UNIX 3.5 White Paper, April 22, 2004, Charlie Russel, Microsoft Corporation
  25. ↑ Chapter 1: Introduction to Windows Services for UNIX 3.5, Published: May 31, 2006, Microsoft Corporation
  26. ↑ "Debian Interix Port". Debian-interix.net. Retrieved 2014-01-10.
  27. ↑ You receive a "Cannot install on a 64 bit machine" error message when you try to install Windows Services for UNIX on a computer that is running a 64-bit operating system

External links

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