Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Classification and external resources
ICD-10 A99
ICD-9-CM 065.9
MeSH D002044
SFTS bunyavirus isolated from patients in Central and Northeast provinces of China(red)

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease recently discovered in northeast and central China. SFTS has fatality rates ranging from 12% to as high as 30% in some areas. The major clinical symptoms of SFTS are fever, vomiting, diarrhea, multiple organ failure, thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), leucopenia (low white blood cell count), and elevated liver enzyme levels.

Virology

SFTS virus (SFTSV) is a Phlebovirus in the family of Bunyaviridae. The transmission route of SFTSV is unknown, but person-to-person transmission either plays no role or at least is not an important routine of transmission of SFTSV.[1]

The life cycle of the SFTSV most likely involves arthropod vectors and animal hosts. Humans appear to be accidental hosts and play no role in the life cycle of the SFTSV. SFTSV has been detected in Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks.

Epidemiology

SFTS occurs in China's rural areas from March to November with the majority of cases from April to July. In 2013, Japan and Korea also reported several cases with deaths. [2]

July 2013 - South Korea reports death toll of 8 since Aug 2012 [3]

Evolution

The virus originated 50-150 years ago and has undergone a recent population expansion.[4]

History

In 2009 Xue-jie Yu and colleagues isolated the SFTS virus (SFTSV) from SFTS patients’ blood.

References

  1. ↑ Yu XJ, Liang MF, Zhang SY, Liu Y, Li JD, Sun YL, et al. Fever with Thrombocytopenia Associated with a Novel Bunyavirus in China. N Engl J Med. 2011 Apr 21;364(16):1523-32.
  2. ↑ Severe fever w/ thrombocytopenia synd. - Japan, South Korea: update Archive Number: 20130526.1738022
  3. ↑
  4. ↑ Lam TT, Liu W, Bowden TA, Cui N, Zhuang L, Liu K, Zhang YY, Cao WC, Pybus OG (2013) Evolutionary and molecular analysis of the emergent severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. Epidemics 5(1):1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.epidem.2012.09.002
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