Shimotsuma Domain
Shimotsuma Domain (下妻藩 Shimotsuma-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Hitachi Province (modern-day Ibaraki Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Shimotsuma Jin'ya in what is now the city of Shimotsuma, Ibaraki. It was ruled for much of its history by a junior branch of the Inoue clan; however, it suffered from frequent changes of rules due to the tendency of the Inoue daimyo to die at young ages.
History
During the Sengoku period, the area around Shimotsuma was controlled by the Tagaya clan, retainers of the Yūki clan. Although the Tagaya clan pledged allegiance to Tokugawa Ieyasu following the Battle of Odawara in 1590, their support of the Tokugawa was less than lukewarm, and during the Battle of Sekigahara, the clan defected to the Uesugi clan, and were therefore stripped of their 60,000 koku holdings.
The domain was then awarded to the 11th son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, Tokugawa Yorifusa, who later went on to become founder of the Mito Domain. He was replaced at Shimotsuma by Matsudaira Tadamasa, the son of Yūki Hideyasu, followed by Matsudaira Sadatsuna. After his transfer to Kakegawa Domain in 1619, the domain became tenryō territory controlled directly by the shogunate until 1712.
In 1712, Inoue Tadanaga, a confidant and retainer of Tokugawa Ienobu from the time before he became Shogun, had risen through the government hierarchy and through merit and inheritance, has achieved the 10,000 koku necessary for daimyo status. Shimotsuma Domain was revived to become his fiefdom, and remained in the hands of the Inoue clan until the Meiji restoration. However, ten of the 14 Inoue daimyo were adopted into the clan from other families due to the tendency of the rulers to die young and without heir.
During the Boshin War, the final Inoue daimyo, Inoue Masaoto initially sided with the pro-Tokugawa forces, but then switched sides to the Imperial cause. However, many of his samurai opposed this change, and defected to fight on the side of Aizu Domain during the Battle of Aizu. Because of this, the Meiji government initially declared him to be a traitor and forfeit of his domain, but due to the strong arguments of his karō and the seppuku of leading pro-Tokugawa retainers, the decision was rescinded. He was later elevated to the kazoku peerage with the title of viscount (shishaku) during the Meiji period.
The domain had a population of 2055 people in 329 households per a census in 1855.[1]
Holdings at the end of the Edo period
As with most domains in the han system, Shimotsuma Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned kokudaka, based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields.[2][3]
- Hitachi Province
- 23 villages in Makabe District
- Shimotsuke Province
- 12 villages in Tsuga District
- Musashi Province
- 5 villages in Saitama District
- 2 villages in Ōsato District
List of daimyō
| # | Name | Tenure | Courtesy title | Court Rank | kokudaka |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tagaya clan (tozama) 1591-1601 | |||||
| 1 | Tagaya Shigetsune ( 多賀谷 重経) | 1591–1601 | -unknown- | 60,000 koku | |
 Tokugawa clan (Shinpan) 1606-1609 | |||||
| 1 | Matsudaira Tsuruchiyo-maru ( 松平鶴千代丸) | 1606–1609 | -none- | -none- | 100,000 koku |
| tenryō | 1609–1615 | |||
| Echizen-Matsudaira clan (Shinpan) 1615-1616 | |||||
| 1 | Matsudaira Tadamasa ( 松平忠昌) | 1615–1616 | Iyo-no-kami (伊予守) | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 30,000 koku |
| Hisamatsu-Matsudaira clan (Shinpan) 1616-1618 | |||||
| 1 | Matsudaira Sadatsuna ( 松平定綱) | 1616–1618 | Echu-no-kami (越中守) | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 30,000 koku |
| tenryō | 1619–1712 | |||
 Inoue clan (Fudai) 1712-1871 | |||||
| 1 | Inoue Masanaga ( 井上正長) | 1712–1720 | Tōtōmi-no-kami (遠江守) | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 10,000 koku |
| 2 | Inoue Masaatsu ( 井上正敦) | 1720–1753 | Tōtōmi-no-kami (遠江守) | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 10,000 koku |
| 3 | Inoue Masatoki ( 井上正辰) | 1753–1760 | Tōtōmi-no-kami (遠江守) | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 10,000 koku |
| 4 | Inoue Masamune ( 井上正意) | 1760–1784 | Tōtōmi-no-kami (遠江守) | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 10,000 koku |
| 5 | Inoue Masaki ( 井上正棠) | 1784–1789 | Tōtōmi-no-kami (遠江守) | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 10,000 koku |
| 6 | Inoue Masahiro (井上正広) | 1789–1814 | Tōtōmi-no-kami (遠江守) | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 10,000 koku |
| 7 | Inoue Masanori ( 井上正建) | 1814–1816 | Sakon-no-shōgen (左近将監) | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 10,000 koku |
| 8 | Inoue Masatomo ( 井上正廬) | 1816–1819 | Naizen-no-kami (内膳正) | Upper 5th (従五位上) | 10,000 koku |
| 9 | Inoue Masatami (井上正民) | 1819–1828 | Tōtōmi-no-kami (遠江守) | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 10,000 koku |
| 10 | Inoue Masakata (井上正健) | 1828–1845 | Tōtōmi-no-kami (遠江守) | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 10,000 koku |
| 11 | Inoue Masayoshi (井上正誠) | 1845–1852 | Tōtōmi-no-kami (遠江守) | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 10,000 koku |
| 12 | Inoue Masanobu (井上正信) | 1852–1856 | Tōtōmi-no-kami (遠江守) | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 10,000 koku |
| 13 | Inoue Masakane (井上正兼) | 1856–1876 | Iyo-no-kami (伊予守) | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 10,000 koku |
| 14 | Inoue Masaoto (井上正巳) | 1866–1871 | Iyo-no-kami (伊予守) | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 10,000 koku |
References
- Papinot, E (1910). Historical and Geographic Dictionary of Japan. Tuttle (reprint) 1972.
External links
- (Japanese) Shimotsuma on "Edo 300 HTML"
- Kikuchi, Akira (2000). Shinsengumi Hyakuichi no Nazo. Tōkyō: Shin Jinbutsu Ōraisha.
Notes
- ↑ Edo daimyo.net (Japanese)
- ↑ Mass, Jeffrey P. and William B. Hauser. (1987). The Bakufu in Japanese History, p. 150.
- ↑ Elison, George and Bardwell L. Smith (1987). Warlords, Artists, & Commoners: Japan in the Sixteenth Century, p. 18.