Shir shel yom
Shir Shel Yom (שִׁיר שֶׁל יוֹם), meaning "'song' [i.e. Psalm] of [the] day [of the week]" consists of one psalm recited daily at the end of the Jewish morning prayer services known as shacharit. Each day of the week possesses a distinct psalm that is referred to by its Hebrew name as the shir shel yom and each day's shir shel yom is a different paragraph of Psalms.[1]
Although fundamentally similar to the Levite's song that was sung at the Holy Temple in Jerusalem in ancient times, there are some differences between the two.
Songs for the days of the week
- Sunday: Psalm 24.
- Monday: Psalm 48.
- Tuesday: Psalm 82.
- Wednesday: Psalm 94, followed (in many communities) by the first three verses of Psalm 95.
- Thursday: Psalm 81.
- Friday: Psalm 93.
- Saturday: Psalm 92.
Rationale
Each day's shir shel yom was chosen for its ties to that day's significance in the week of Creation, as explained by the Baraita that quotes Rabbi Yehuda in the name of Rabbi Akiva:[2]
- On Sunday, LAdonai ha'aretz u'melo'ah (ליהוה הארץ ומלואה, "For God is the land and its fullness") is recited, in reference to the first day of Creation, on which God acquired the universe, bequeathed it to mankind and ruled over His world by Himself.
- On Monday, Gadol Adonai u'mehulal me'od (גדול יהוה ומהלל מאד, "Great is God and much praised") is recited, in reference to the second day of Creation, on which He separated the things that he made (the heavens from the earth) and reigned over them.
- On Tuesday, Elohim nitzav ba'adat El (אלוהים נצב בעדת אל, "God stands in the divine assembly") is recited, in reference to the third day of Creation, on which He exposed the land with His wisdom, thus preparing the world for His assembly.
- On Wednesday, El nikamot Adonai (אל נקמות יהוה, "Hashem is a God of vengeance") is recited, in reference to the fourth day of Creation, on which He created the sun and the moon and how he will ultimately exact punishment from those who worship them.
- On Thursday, Harninu leilohim uzeinu (הרנינו לאלוהים עוזנו, "Sing joyously to the God of our might") is recited, in reference to the fifth day of Creation, on which He created the birds and the fish to give praise to his name.
- On Friday, Adonai malach gei'ut laveish (יהוה מלך גאות לבש, "Hashem has reigned, he had donned grandeur") is recited, in reference to the sixth day of Creation, on which He completed his work and reigned over his creations.
- On the Sabbath, Mizmor shir leyom haShabbat (מזמור שיר ליום השבת, "A song, a hymn for the Sabbath day") is recited, in reference to the seventh day of Creation, which is a day that is entirely Sabbath.
The Zohar provides an alternative rationale, linking the seven psalms to seven 1000-year periods. Contemporary scholar Dr Rachel Reich finds logic in the style of the Psalms: the psalm for the first day has God in the first word, the one for the second day has Him in the second word, and so on.[3]
Other days
On holidays, including Chol Hamoed and Rosh Chodesh, the Levites would replace the regular song with one appropriate to the day. However, it is customary to recite only the standard song after Shacharit. Only Rosh Chodesh, most congregations recite the special song (Psalm 104) after the regular shir shel yom. Since in the times of the Temple, the song for the Sabbath would override any other song, many do not recite Psalm 104 if Rosh Chodesh falls out on the Sabbath, although many others do. The Vilna Gaon and others would recite each holiday song at the end of Shacharit, and the song for the weekday earlier in the service.
References
- ↑ Artscroll Women's Siddur, page 128
- ↑ Rosh Hashana 31a (translation provided by Artscroll edition)
- ↑ The Psalms of the Day, Jewish Bible Quarterly, vol. 42, no. 2, April–June 2014.
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