Shiranui Kōemon

Shiranui Kōemon
不知火 光右衛門
Shiranui (left) and Kimenzan (right) in 1869. Note Shiranui's left hand cupped to his chest, which indicates the Unryū ring entering style.
Personal information
Born	Minematsu Harano March 3, 1825 Kumamoto, Japan
Died	February 24, 1879 (aged 53)
Height	1.76 m (5 ft 9 in)
Weight	124 kg (273 lb)
Career
Stable	Sakaigawa
Record	119-35-75 15draws-9holds(Makuuchi)
Debut	November, 1850
Highest rank	Yokozuna (October 1863)
Retired	November, 1869
Championships	3 (Makuuchi, unofficial)
* Up to date as of October 2007.

Shiranui Kōemon (不知火 光右衛門, March 3, 1825 – February 24, 1879) was a sumo wrestler from Kikuchi, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. He was the sport's 11th yokozuna.

Career

He was well known in local amateur sumo tournaments by the age of 16. He entered Osaka in the autumn of 1846. His coach was Minato-oyakata, former yokozuna Shiranui Dakuemon, who was also from Kumamoto and powerful within the Osaka organisation.^[1] In May 1847, he made his professional debut in Osaka sumo. His stablemaster realised his potential, and in 1849, he transferred to Sakaigawa stable in Edo sumo. He made his debut in November 1850 and reached the top makuuchi division in November 1856. He adopted the Shiranui shikona soon after that. He was promoted to ōzeki in March 1862. He was awarded a yokozuna licence in October 1863. He was more known for his technique than his strength, and was feared especially for his right hand technique. He was an expert at leg grabs, once downing Ryōgoku Kajinosuke I, himself an expert on the technique, with one clean move.^[1]

Shiranui became a yokozuna at the age of 38, even though his record as an ōzeki had not been particularly strong.^[1] The granting of the licence was more due to his popularity with the public and long years of service, and the fact that he was close to the House of Yoshida Tsukasa, which awarded the licences.^[1]

The name of one style of yokozuna dohyō-iri (the yokozuna ring entering ceremony) came from him. His ritual style was said to be beautiful, and his ceremony was always a highlight for tournament crowds, sometimes more than the bouts themselves. He continued to perform it for three years after his retirement. However it is unproved that he actually performed what is now called the Shiranui style. In fact, he is considered by most sumo historians today to be the organizer of the Unryū style.^[2] There is a picture of him performing the ceremony holding his arm to his chest, which indicates an Unryū rather than Shiranui style.^[1] In addition, the 22nd Yokozuna Tachiyama, who was credited as perfecting the Shiranui style (with both arms held out), said his dohyō-iri was based on Unryū Kyūkichi's style.

In the top makuuchi division, Shiranui won 119 bouts and lost 35 bouts, recording a winning percentage of 77.3. He retired in November 1869 at the age of 44, and returned to his roots in Osaka sumo to lead the organisation until his death in 1879.

Top division record

• The actual time the tournaments were held during the year in this period often varied.

Shiranui^[3]

-	Spring	Winter
1856	x	West Maegashira #7 5–0–4 1h
1857	West Maegashira #6 2–2 2d 2h	West Maegashira #4 4–2–1 1d 2h
1858	West Maegashira #3 5–2–2 1d	Called off due to fire
1859	West Sekiwake 4–2–1 2d 1h	West Komusubi 6–1–2 1d
1860	West Komusubi 8–0–1 1d Unofficial	West Sekiwake 3–3–1
1861	West Sekiwake 4–2–4	West Sekiwake 6–1–2 1h
1862	West Ōzeki 4–1–4 1d	West Ōzeki 5–3–1 1d
1863	West Ōzeki 4–2–3 1h	Sat out
1864	West Ōzeki 7–1–2 Unofficial	West Ōzeki 7–0–1 1d 1h Unofficial
1865	West Ōzeki 1–0–8 1d	West Ōzeki 6–1 2d
1866	West Ōzeki 6–2–2	East Ōzeki 6–1–3
1867	East Ōzeki 7–1–2	East Ōzeki 2–2–5 1d
1868	East Ōzeki 6–1–3	East Ōzeki 5–3–2
1869	East Ōzeki 6–2–2	East Ōzeki Retired 0–0–10
Record given as win-loss-absent    Top Division Champion Retired Lower Divisions Key:   d=Draw(s) (引分);   h=Hold(s) (預り);   nr=no result recorded Divisions: Makuuchi — Jūryō — Makushita — Sandanme — Jonidan — Jonokuchi Makuuchi ranks:  Yokozuna (not ranked as such on banzuke until 1890) Ōzeki — Sekiwake — Komusubi — Maegashira

*Championships for the best record in a tournament were not recognized or awarded before the 1909 summer tournament and the above unofficial championships are historically conferred. For more information see yūshō.

See also

• List of yokozuna
• List of past sumo wrestlers
• Glossary of sumo terms

References

1. Kuorda, Joe. "The 11th Yokozuna Shiranui Koemon". Sumo Fan Magazine. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
2. Castella, Stehane; Perran, Thierry (February 2006). "History and evolution of the tsuna since 1789". Le Monde Du Sumo. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
3. "Shiranui Kotsuemon Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 2007-10-11.

External links

• The 11th Yokozuna Shiranui Koemon
• (Japanese) Shiranui Koemon tournament result