Sieges of Baghdad

Sieges of Baghdad
Date812-813, 865-866, 946, 1157, 1258, 1401, 1534, 1624, 1638, 1917, 1941, 2003
LocationBaghdad, Iraq
Belligerents

Forces of Al-Ma'mun


Al-Mu'tazz (Samarra)


Buyid amirate of Iraq


Abbasid Caliphate


Ayyubid dynasty


Timurid Empire


Safavid Empire


 British Empire


Iraq Iraqi Government Supported by:
 United Kingdom


 United States
 United Kingdom
(Air Support)

Forces of Al Amin


Al-Musta'in (Baghdad)


Hamdanid amirate of Mosul


Seljuqs of Hamadan
Zengids of Mosul


Mongol Empire

Ilkhanate
Persia
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
Kingdom of Georgia
Principality of Antioch
Mongolian China

 Ottoman Empire


Iraq Golden Square Supported by:
 Germany


 Iraq
Commanders and leaders

Al-Ma'mun
Tahir ibn Husayn
Harthama ibn A'yan
Zuhayr ibn al-Musayyab al-Dabbi


Abu Ahmad al-Muwaffaq
Kalbatikin al-Turki,
Muhammad b. Rashid al-Maghribi


Mu'izz al-Dawla
Abu Ja'far Saymari
Ispahdost


Al-Muqtafi


Al-Musta'sim  
Mujaheduddin
Sulaiman Shah  
Qarasunqur


Timur


Tekkelu Muhammad Sultan Khan
Abbas I of Persia
Qrar Chay Khan
Bektas Khan


United Kingdom Frederick Maude


Iraq 'Abd al-Ilah
Iraq Taha al-Hashimi


United States George W. Bush
United States Tommy Franks
United Kingdom Tony Blair
United Kingdom Brian Burridge

Al-Amin  
Abd al-Rahman ibn Jabala  
Muhammad ibn Yazid al-Muhallabi
al-Samarqandi


Muhammad b. 'Abdallah
Wasif
Bugha al-Sharabi
Abu 'l-Saj Dewdad


Nasir al-Dawla
Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Shirzad
Abu 'Abdallah Husayn b. Sa'id


Muhammad II ibn Mahmud
Qutb ad-Din Mawdud of Mosul


Hulagu Khan
Arghun
Baiju
Buqa-Temür
Sunitai
Kitbuga
Koke Ilge


Ottoman Empire Suleiman the Magnificent


Ottoman Empire Murad IV
Ottoman Empire Hassan Pasha 
Ottoman Empire Bakersoo Bashi 


Ottoman Empire Murat IV
Ottoman Empire Grand Vizier Tayyar Mehmet Pasha  


Ottoman Empire Khalil Pasha


Iraq Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
IraqSalah al-Din al-Sabbagh
Iraq Kamal Shabib
Iraq Fahmi Said
Iraq Mahmud Salman


Saddam Hussein
Iraq Qusay Hussein
Iraq Sayf al-Din al-Rawi
Iraq Ra'ad al-Hamdani
Strength

At least 19,000


7000+ unknown number of militias (including Ahdath, Ayyars and Naffatuns)


50,000


300 troops still loyal to the Safavids and the city commander


40,000 infantry
211 fortified city towers
100 cannons


I Corps
III Corps (50,000 men)


Royal Guard


30,000

30,000 Seljuqs


120,000–150,000


Deserted Safavid troops and army that Suleiman brought in winter to Baghdad


35,000 infantry
73,000 cavalry
200 cannons
not in combat: 8,000 (lağımcı) miners and sappers
24,000 (beldar) military laborers


Sixth Army (25,000 men)


3rd Infantry Division
1st Infantry Division
Independent Mechanized Brigade


45,000
Casualties and losses

Unknown


Low


Unknown


50,000 soldiers
200,000–800,000 civilians (Western sources)
2,000,000 civilians (Arab sources)


Entire garrison


Unknown, but small


34 killed
1 A-10 Thunderbolt II shot down
2 M1 Abrams tanks destroyed
17 unarmored vehicles destroyed

High


Unknown but heavy


Unknown but believed to be minimal


High


Over 9,000 taken prisoner


1,700–2,120 killed (Independent estimate)
2,320 killed (U.S. military estimate)

There have been at least 8 major sieges of Baghdad.

Abbasid caliphate

Ottoman Empire

Modern era

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