Sigaus australis
| Sigaus australis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| A female Sigaus australis | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Family: | Acrididae |
| Genus: | Sigaus Hutton, 1897[1] |
| Species: | S. australis |
| Binomial name | |
| Sigaus australis (Bigelow, 1967) [2] | |
 | |
| The distribution of Sigaus australis in New Zealand | |
Sigaus australis is the most common alpine grasshopper found in New Zealand. It can be found in the lower half of the South Island, from the Otago and Canterbury Region. S. australis was described in 1897 by Frederick Wollaston Hutton. Like all of New Zealand sub-alpine and alpine grasshoppers S. australis has a 2 or 3 years life cycle. The eggs must ‘overwinter’ before they will hatch. Hoppers are found throughout the year, and adult grasshoppers can be found throughout the New Zealand summer between December and April. The adult S. australis do not overwinter. The genus Sigaus is endemic to New Zealand.
Distribution and habitat
Mount Armstrong 44°05′15″S 169°25′27″E / 44.087483°S 169.424279°E
Sigaus australis can be found in the lower half of the South Island, from Otago and Canterbury regions. It can be found as far south as the Kawarau River (45°49′43″S 168°58′02″E / 45.828700°S 168.967102°E) and as far north as the Torless Range (43°14′39″S 171°48′34″E / 43.244052°S 171.809578°E). Sigaus australis prefer tussock grasslands between 1,300–1,700 metres (4,300–5,600 ft) in altitude, however, can be found as low as 200 metres (660 ft) on the Alexandra Tailings, (45°14′49″S 169°22′07″E / 45.246895°S 169.368559°E) and as high as 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) on Smite Peak (43°21′10″S 171°14′17″E / 43.35276073°S 171.2380887°E).
Species description
The wings on S. australis are micropterous (small wings) between 2–4 millimetres (0.079–0.157 in) making this species flightless like most of New Zealand grasshoppers. Sigaus australis is highly crypsis, there is no polymorphism within this species. They will match the surrounding vegetation with colours of earth tones.
Type Information
Paprides australis Hutton (1897:147)
- Hutton, F.W. 1897: The grasshopper and locusts of New Zealand and the Kermadec Island. Proc. Trans. NZ Inst. 30: 135-50
- Type locality: Probably from Glenorchy, Lake Wakatipu, Otago. 44°51′05″S 168°23′16″E / 44.851478°S 168.387771°E.
- Type specimen: Female; C Chilton; Holotype and Lectotype are deposited in the Canterbury Museum, Christchurch.
Paprides torquatus Hutton (1898:47)
- Hutton, F.W. 1898: Notes on the New Zealand. Proc. Trans. NZ Inst. 31: 44-50
- Type locality: Probably from Mount Torlesse, Canterbury. 43°15′23″S 171°49′16″E / 43.256418°S 171.821165°E.
- Type specimen: Male; Holotype deposited in the Canterbury Museum, Christchurch.
Paprides armillaus Hutton (1898:47-48)
- Hutton, F.W. 1898: Notes on the New Zealand. Proc. Trans. NZ Inst. 31: 44-50
