Å ilutÄ—

Å ilutÄ—
City
Lutheran church in Å ilutÄ—
Flag Coat of arms
Å ilutÄ— Location of Å ilutÄ—
Coordinates: 55°21′N 21°29′E / 55.350°N 21.483°ECoordinates: 55°21′N 21°29′E / 55.350°N 21.483°E
Country	Lithuania
Ethnographic region	Lithuania Minor
County	KlaipÄ—da County
Municipality	Å ilutÄ— district municipality
Eldership	Å ilutÄ— eldership
Capital of	Å ilutÄ— district municipality Å ilutÄ— eldership
First mentioned	13th century
Granted city rights	1941
Population (2011)
• Total	17,158
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
• Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)

Å ilutÄ— ( pronunciation , previously Å ilokarčiama, German: Heydekrug) is a city in the south of the KlaipÄ—da County, Lithuania. The city was part of the KlaipÄ—da Region and ethnographic Lithuania Minor. Å ilutÄ— was the interwar capital of Å ilutÄ— County and is currently the capital of Å ilutÄ— district municipality.

Name

Šilutė's origin dates to an inn (Krug) catering for travelers and their horses which was located halfway between Memel and Tilsit. The German name of Heydekrug referred to a Krug (an archaic word for inn) in the Heide (heathland). The inn was known in for the most inhabitants of the region speaking the Memelland-Samogitian dialect Šilokarčema.

History

Hugo Scheu Manor

A famous fish market was opened in Šilutė almost 500 years ago, when Georg Tallat purchased the inn together with the land and fishing rights in 1511. The town was a gathering place for peasants from nearby Samogitia and Curonian and Prussian fishermen from Rusnė, Karklė, Nida, and Lesnoye. Next to the inn a church of Werden (Verdainė) was built in 1550. Heydekrug often sought city rights, but was opposed by Memel and Tilsit in 1721 and 1725. In 1722 Heydekrug became a district center and in 1818 the capital of Landkreis Heydekrug. The settlement was amalgamated with the villages of Werden (Verdainė), Szibben (Žibai), and Cynthionischken (Cintjoniškiai) in 1910, although it still did not receive city rights. Following World War I, the town became part of Lithuania when it acquired the Klaipėda region in 1923.

Post office of Å ilutÄ— (1905)

Fridrichas Bajoraitis library

Living home

The town was reclaimed by Nazi Germany in 1939 when it reacquired the Memel Territory. In 1941 the town finally received city rights. During World War II, the Stalag Luft VI prisoner-of-war camp was located near Heydekrug; it was the northernmost POW camp within the confines of the German Reich.

There remain many old buildings in Šilutė: an old post office (1905), a fire station (1911), a court building and prison (1848), a bridge across the Sziesze (Šyša) (1914), an estate of H. Scheu (1818), an old market square, a harbor, railway station and a bridge (1875), and the Vydūnas gymnasium.

Economy

The town, which is a region center, has a well-developed infrastructure. There is an amateur theatre, a museum, three churches, a few hotels, and many cafes, restaurants, and bars. There are large industrial enterprises in Å ilutÄ— as well: Å ilutÄ—s Rambynas (1842), producing butter and cheese, is one of the oldest factories in the area; Å ilutÄ—s Baldai (1890); and Å ilutÄ—s DurpÄ—s (1882) which exports approximately 50,000 m³ of peat. Newly founded enterprises are also prospering: Å ilutÄ—s Girnos (combined fodder); Žibai; GrabupÄ—liai (meat processing); and EKSA, a subsidiary of the alcohol producer Stumbras. In order to speed up capital investments, the region council has established land tax bonuses for investors.

Twin towns

Å ilutÄ— maintains sister city relationships with the following cities:

• Ljungby, Sweden
• Emmerich, Germany
• Ostróda, Poland
• Slavsk, Russia
• GdaÅ„sk, Poland
• Saldus, Latvia
• Cittaducale, Italy
• Vellinge, Sweden
• Alanya, Turkey

Famous people

• Hermann Sudermann (1857–1928), dramatist and novelist
• Katharina Szelinski-Singer (1918–2010), sculptor
• Cornell Borchers (born 1925), actress
• Doris Nefedov maiden name Treitz (1942–1969), German singer under the stage name "Alexandra"
• Raimondas RumÅ¡as (born 1972), cyclist, 3rd place in 2002 Tour de France
• Mindaugas Timinskas (born 1974), basketball player
• Deividas Dulkys (born 1988), basketball player
• Evaldas Petrauskas (born 1992), boxer. 3rd place in 2012 Summer Olympics, 1st place in 2011 Lithuanian Boxing Championships, 1st place in 2010 Summer Youth Olympics, 2nd place in 2010 Youth World Amateur Boxing Championships.

References

External links

• Municipal website (Lithuanian)