John Lade

Sir John Lade, from a mezzotint by Frederick Bromley after the 1778 portrait by Sir Joshua Reynolds, published 1862 by Henry Graves

Sir John Lade, 2nd Baronet (1 August 1759 – 10 February 1838) was a prominent member of Regency society, notable as an owner and breeder of racehorses, as an accomplished driver, associated with Samuel Johnson's circle, and one of George IV's closest friends. At the time he caused some sensation both because of the extent of his debts and the scandal attached to his marriage to his wife Letitia, a woman who was generally supposed to have been previously the mistress of both the executed highwayman John Rann and the Prince Regent's brother, the Duke of York.

Early life

He was born the posthumous child of the first Baronet, also named John. His mother was the sister of the brewer and MP Henry Thrale.^[1] He inherited from his father a vast fortune, also founded in brewing.

According to Abraham Hayward, Samuel Johnson was consulted regularly on his upbringing; unfortunately Dr. Johnson had no very high opinion of the boy's intellect. His original advice to Henry's sister, Lady Lade, was "Endeavour, Madam, to procure him knowledge; for really ignorance to a rich man is like fat to a sick sheep, it only serves to call the rooks about him." However, as Lade grew up, Dr. Johnson found himself disappointed; so much so that Hester Thrale reports that when Sir John asked Johnson for advice on whether he should marry, the reply came as:

"I would advise no man to marry, Sir," replied the Doctor in a very angry tone, "who is not likely to propagate understanding;" and so left the room.^[2]

This did not stop Johnson, however, from proposing "half in earnest" a marriage between Sir John and Fanny Burney while the boy was still a minor.^[2]

On his attaining the age of twenty-one, he received control of his vast fortune. The event^[3] moved Dr. Johnson to write his poem "One-and-twenty": which began:

Long-expected one-and-twenty/Ling'ring year, at length is flown/Pride and pleasure, pomp and plenty/Great Sir John, are now your own./ Loosen'd from the minor's tether,/Free to mortgage or to sell.Wild as wind, and light as feather/Bid the sons of thrift farewell.....Lavish of your grandsire's guineas/Show the spirit of an heir.

The poem, which ended with a – presumably satirical – reminder to "scorn the counsel" of "the guardian friend", proved both prophetic and influential; the former in anticipating Sir John's career, and the latter in influencing A.E. Housman's A Shropshire Lad.^[4]

In society

Sir John swiftly proved Dr. Johnson right by losing large amounts of money at the races and at gambling; however, he simultaneously developed a reputation as a remarkable judge of horseflesh. Particularly notable in retrospect was his discovery and ownership of the horse Medley, a grey which was one of the first thoroughbreds to be imported into America, and "the most important horse of the last quarter of the eighteenth century".^[5] His colours, which unlike most others were piebald or "harlequin" were a familiar sight at races throughout the British isles.^[6]

Criticised for spending so much time in the stables and at race-meetings, Lade clearly did not help matters by dressing in riding clothes at all times – with many capes – and carrying a whip everywhere. According to the dandy Thomas Raikes, his "ambition was to imitate the groom in dress and in language". Raikes reports:

"I once heard him asking a friend on Egham racecourse to come home and dine. 'I can give you a trout spotted all over like a coach-dog, a fillet of veal as white as alablaster (sic), a pantaloon cutlet, and plenty of pancakes – so help me!' "^[7]

As possibly the finest horseman and driver of his time (in honour of which he was nicknamed 'Jehu'), he was a leading light, and one of the founding members, of the 'Four-Horse Club' – also known as the 'Four in Hand Club',^[8] after the number of horses' reins held in one hand. His slapdash style of dressing gave rise to the simple knot for which the Club is remembered. He himself famously drove a team of six greys, except when he sat up with the Regent in place of the latter's coachman, driving six matched bays on the road from Brighton to London.^[9]

His fondness for the track and for driving, as well as for gambling caused him to wager vast sums of money on horses as well as on inconsequential feats of skill; he once bet a thousand guineas on one such performance against the Duke of Queensberry^[10] The money was incidental, however, as he was equally willing to wager trifling sums on some absurdity: he once bet Lord Cholmondeley that he could carry him on his back, from opposite the Brighton Pavilion twice round the Old Steine that faced it.^[11] Most of the bets revolved around feats of skill: he "would back himself to drive the off-wheels of his phaeton over a sixpence, and once for a bet successfully took a four-in-hand round Tattersall's Yard at Hyde Park Corner."^[12] Tattersall's cramped premises were in fact inextricably linked to Lade's social pre-eminence, the phrase he used to describe "settling-up" day at Tattersall's, when debts for the quarter were paid – "Black Monday"^[13] – has passed into the language as a descriptor for a day when fortunes are lost.

Letitia

Letitia Derby (or Smith, the sources are unclear) was a woman of unclear origins who, prior to being discovered by the royal circle, was fairly definitely a member of the working class in the Drury Lane district, and possibly a servant in a brothel.^[14] Subsequently she befriended and was probably the mistress of "Sixteen String Jack" Rann.^[15] After that notorious highwayman was hanged in 1774, she became the mistress of the Duke of York. Soon enough, however, her looks – and her seat on a horse and skills as a driver – attracted Lade's attention and they were married, after a long affair and in spite of familial disapproval, in 1787. It is conjectured that Lade and Rann knew each other well, as Rann patronised races and had once been coachman of Hester Thrales's sister.^[14]

Letitia Lade was a great favourite with the Regent and his set; she was more than willing to join in the culture of excess that they were infamous for, and once wagered on herself in a driving-contest at – scandalously – the Newmarket races; and also once bet five hundred guineas on an eight-mile race against another woman^[16] She took after her husband in dress and demeanour, and eventually overtook him: her casual use of profanity was so "overwhelming", in fact, that it came to be acceptable to say of someone using particularly strong language that "he swears like Letty Lade."^[17] She is the subject of a famous equestrian portrait by Stubbs in the Royal Collection, that was commissioned by the Regent to hand in his chambers; Lade and she were also the subject of a well-known pair of portraits by Sir Joshua Reynolds that now hang in the National Gallery.

Later years

As Johnson predicted in verse on the day of Sir John's majority, gambling, racing, women and moneylenders eventually combined to ensure that little remained of the once-remarkable Lade fortune. So much so that he spent some time in a debtor's prison;^[18] subsequently Lade was forced to accept the Regent's generosity, and received a pension of three (later four, then five) hundred pounds a year as George's "driving tutor"; to save face, the money was made out to the name of "the Rev. Dr. Tolly".^[18]

Lade's marriage and his debt, together with his disdain for the conventions of society caused him to be generally disreputable. Many of the stories of snubs that the Regent received on behalf of his friends centre around Lade, and most of them appear to have been delivered by the redoubtable Lord Thurlow, a friend of George III. On one occasion, when Thurlow met the Prince, Sir John, and Lord Barrymore in Brighton, the Prince asked Thurlow to come and dine with him one day; whereupon Thurlow, in the sight of all present said "I cannot do so until your Royal Highness keeps better company".^[19] On another occasion, the words were more private but no less scathing:

The Prince of Wales in 1805 asked Lord Thurlow to dinner, and also Ladd. 'When "the old Lion" arrived the Prince went into the ante-room to meet him, and apologised for the party being larger than he had intended, but added, "that Sir John was an old friend of his, and he could not avoid asking him to dinner," to which Thurlow, in his growling voice, answered, "I have no objection, Sir, to Sir John Lade in his proper place, which I take to be your Royal Highness's coach-box, and not your table."^[20]

The Lades, like so many leaders of Regency society, eventually faded from the scene when their money ran out and George IV was crowned and grew preoccupied with affairs of state. Letitia died in 1825, and is buried at St Mary's, Staines. Lade, who lived quietly on his stud farm in Sussex, continued to receive his pension, though it tended to be a near-run thing on each change of reign; his relative Dorothy Nevill, the writer and horticulturist, wrote of him that "my poor crazy cousin" was dependent on the kindness of a court functionary and on hints dropped in suitable ears;^[21] Victoria, when a young girl fresh to the throne, records in her diaries that she discovered that she was paying "a Sir John Lade, one of George IV.'s intimates".^[22]

They live on, however in literature: for example, in Arthur Conan Doyle's celebrated Regency novel Rodney Stone, the mature Sir John Lade, a leader of the "Corinthian" set of gentleman-sportsmen, serves to represent the London life the pugilist-hero immerses himself in, and is introduced by means of a race from Brighton to London. Letitia, with her unusual life story and unconventional manner, is an even more common character: in 1864 she was a central character in the first great potboiler, George William MacArthur Reynolds' Mysteries of the Court of London. She is also a minor character in several of the Regency novels of Georgette Heyer.

References

1. John Debrett, The Baronetage of England, 1824, p 178
2. Abraham Hayward (ed.), Autobiography, Letters and Literary Remains of Mrs. Piozzi (Thrale) (2nd ed.) (2 vols.): Edited with notes and Introductory Account of her life and writings, Longman Green and Roberts, London, 1861.
3. George Birkbeck Norman Hill, in his notes (p516, vol 4., Kessenger Publishing 2004) on Boswell's life of Johnson, notes that Dr. Johnson wrote to Hester Thrale on the occasion:"'You have heard in the papers how --- is come to age. I have enclosed a short song of congratulation which you must not shew to anybody. It is odd that it should come into anybody's head. I hope you will read it with candour; it is, I believe, one of the author's first essays in that way of writing, and a beginner is always to be treated with tenderness." Hill notes that it is Johnson's first attempt at candid satire.
4. Robert Wooster Stallman, Annotated Bibliography of A. E. Housman: A Critical Study, PMLA, Vol. 60, No. 2 (Jun. 1945), p469. When first published, the last line read "Great my lad.." instead of "Great Sir John".
5. Thoroughbred Heritage
6. Robert J. Hunter, Racing Calendar of 1803, frontispiece.
7. Thomas Raikes, Esq., Portion of the Journal Kept by Thomas Raikes from 1831 to 1847, Longman Brown and Green, London, 1857.
8. R.H. Gronow, Captain Gronow's Last Recollections, Section 8, Text at Project Gutenberg.
9. E. A. Smith, George IV, Yale University Press, New Haven; p 62.
10. John Robert Robinson, Old Q': A Memoir of William Douglas, Fourth Duke of Queensberry, London, 1895.
11. E. V. Lucas, Highways and byways of Sussex (1904).
12. Philip Walsingham Sergeant, Gamblers All, Hutchinson, London, 1931: p197.
13. Charles Molloy Westmacott, The English Spy, Sherwood and Jones, 1825.
14. Betty W. Rizzo (ed.) The Letters of Fanny Burney, Oxford University Press, p 348, note 52.
15. Martin de Alberquerque, "Sir John Lade", in Notes and Queries, Oxford University Press, 1974.
16. Philip Walsingham Sergeant, Gamblers All, Hutchinson, London, 1931: p194.
17. Lewis Saul Benjamin, The First Gentleman of Europe, Hutchison, 1906: p247.
18. John Wardroper, Kings, Lords and Wicked Libellers: Satire and Protest, 1760–1837, J. Murray, 1973.
19. John Ackerson Erredge, History of Brighthelmston, London, 1862: p237.
20. George Birkbeck Norman Hill, in his notes (p516, vol 4., Kessenger Publishing 2004) on Boswell's life of Johnson, attributes this story to Lord Campbell's Lives of the Chancellors, ed. 1846, v. 628.
21. Dorothy Nevill, Under Five Reigns The John Lane company, 1910: p22.
22. Victoria R., The Girlhood of Queen Victoria: A Selection from Her Majesty's Diaries, J. Murray, 1912: p 287.