Skinningrove Steelworks

Coordinates: 54°33′59″N 0°54′24″W / 54.566483°N 0.906564°W / 54.566483; -0.906564 (Skinningrove steelworks)

Skinningrove Iron Company
Fate Absorbed into British Steel Corporation (1968)
Predecessor Loftus Iron Company (1874-77)
Founded 1880

The Skinningrove steelworks is a steel mill in Skinningrove, North Yorkshire, UK. The business was formed in 1874 as the Loftus Iron Company, after a liquidation of the company reformed in 1880 as the Skinningrove Iron Company. The works expanded from producing only pig iron to include steel production in the early 20th century, with mills specialising in long products including railway rail. As part of the business the company constructed a jetty at Skinningrove, and owned an ironstone mine in Loftus.

The works existed as a separate entity under the overall ownership of Pease and Partners bank until nationalisation into the Iron and Steel Corporation of Great Britain in 1951, returned to private ownership in 1963, and renationalised into British Steel Corporation (BSC) in 1967. Under BSC the works was rationalised with all primary steel production ended by the early 1970, with the works supplied by a larger steel plant at Lackenby nr. Redcar. The plant became focused on the production of special sections.

Ownership as part of BSC passed to Corus Group plc (1999), and to Tata Steel Europe (2006). In 2016 the long products division of Tata Steel Europe including Skinningrove was sold to Greybull Capital.

History

The Loftus Iron Company was established c.1873/4 at Skinningrove on the north east coast between Redcar and Whitby. Initially two blast furnaces were built, approximately 1 mile from ironstone workings.[1][2]

In 1877 the business was liquidated, and was acquired by the Skinningrove Iron Company in 1880.[3] Thomas Charles Hutchinson became manager of the company in 1880. Under Hutchinson a jetty at Skinningrove was re-established - hydraulic cement manufactured using the blast furnace's slag was used in the jetty's construction.[4]

In 1894 the works was upgraded and a business relationship formed with Pease and Partners.[4] (Pease and Partners bank founded by Joseph Pease.)

Skinningrove village and the works in distance (c.1911)

During the company's early period much of the works output (pig iron) was shipped to Scotland - changes in the iron and steel market cause the works to start producing steel on site;[5] under Hutchinson's management the number of furnaces was increased to four and later five; other improvements included the installation of Cowper stoves for heat regeneration, use of the Talbot process (a continuous open hearth process); and installation of electrically driven mill machinery. The works established its own mines at Boulby.[4] The steel works were operational by 1911.[5] Hutchinson remained manager until his death in 1918.[4]

During the First World War Skinningrove was targeted by Zeppelins. On 8 Sep 1915 an attack on the benzol works (coke oven by product) failed to cause real damage; and attack on 5/6 Apr 1916 damage laboratory facilites; a further attack on 2 May 1916 also caused only minor damage.[6]

In 1922 Pease and Partners began discussions on leasing the business, in which it already had a stake.[7] By 1927 the Quaker firm of Pease and Partners had taken control of the business.[8] The works began rolling double-headed rail in 90 feet (27 m) lengths in 1929, and 120 feet (37 m) lengths in 1937.[5] Output was c.130,000 tons steel ingots in 1920 and 1929; in 1937 reduced to 100 thousand tons. In 1936/7 the business made a 6.4% profit (c. £0.1 million on capital of c. £1.6 million).[9] Due to a significant downturn in the economy the blast furnaces at Skinningrove were shut down for five months in 1938, together with coke, limestone and mining operations.[10]

In 1945 the works had an output of around 200,000 tons (pig iron) pa, with its main products being angles, and rails.[11] In 1947 the company received approval from the Iron and Steel board for a £1.7 million investment into the works, with a new blast furnace and 300 ton open hearth steelmaking plant to be added, together with improvements to equipment intended to increase steel making capacity 40% to over 300,000 tons (pig iron) pa.[12][13] In the same year the Loftus Ironstone Mine was transferred from the parent Pease and Partners to the Skinningrove company.[13]

In 1951 the works (Skinningrove Iron Co. Ltd.) was nationalised into the Iron and Steel Corporation of Great Britain.[14][15] The Pease Partners received £155,850 for the ordinary shares of the company.[16] A sinter plant was opened in 1960.[17] In 1963 it was taken out of public ownership, acquired by Iron and Steel Investment Ltd., formed by a consortium of steel firms.[18]

In 1967 British Steel Corporation (BSC) was formed, which had a 90% shareholding in the Skinningrove works. From 1967 the process began of rationalising the UK steel industry.[19] In Oct 1971 the blast furnaces ceased operation, with open hearth steelmaking facilities closed soon after; with the works to be supplied with steel from the former Dorman Long works in Lackenby.[20][21] The workforce was cut to around 400 with c. 250 redundancies.[22] As part of this rationalisation Skinningrove was chosen to specialise in special profiles within BSC.[23]

A plant of the Caterpillar Inc company was built on former ironworks land adjacent to the mill in 1997, producing track shoes for construction and mining equipment - the mill's product range includes profiles for such equipment.[24]

The works and village (2005)

The works together with other BSC companies become part of Corus Group plc in 1999, and Tata Steel Europe in 2006.

In 2016 Tata Europe's long products division, with Scunthorpe Steelworks as the main site, and including the special sections mill at Skinningrove was sold to Greybull Capital.[25][26]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "The Cleveland Iron Trade in 1874" (PDF), The Engineer 38, 25 Dec 1874: 467
  2. ↑ The Practical Magazine : An Illustrated Cyclopædia of Industrial Information, Inventions and Improvements .. 5 (7), 1875, p. 203
  3. ↑ Iron Age 102, 1918, p. 689
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Thomas Charles Hutchinson" (PDF), The Engineer (obituary) 126, 25 Oct 1918: 355–6
  5. 1 2 3 "The Romance Of Skinningrove", The Times (company promotion) (47868), 15 Dec 1937: 9
  6. ↑ Fegan, Thomas (2012) [2002], The Baby Killers : German Air Raids on Britain in the First World War, p. 159
  7. ↑ "Pease and Partners, Limited", The Times (company statement) (43178), 2 Nov 1922: 18
  8. ↑ McLaren, Charles Benjamin Bright (1927), "XIII", The Basic Industries of Great Britain by Aberconway
  9. ↑ Tolliday, Steven (1987), Business, Banking, and Politics: The Case of British Steel, 1918-1939, Harvard University Press, Table 4, p.31; Table 19, p.322
  10. ↑ "Skinningrove Iron Company", The Times (48316), 27 May 1939, p.19 col.2
  11. ↑ Heal 1974, pp. 12,24.
  12. ↑ "The British Iron and Steel Industry in 1949" (PDF), The Engineer 189, 20 Jan 1950: 74–76
  13. 1 2 "£1,700,00 New Steel Plan", The Times (50865), 13 Sep 1947: 4
  14. ↑ Hansard, 19 Feb 1951
  15. ↑ "Iron and Steel Act, 1949", The Times (51912), 30 Jan 1951: 10
  16. ↑ "Pease And Partners, Limited", The Times (company statement) (52369), 21 July 1952: 8
  17. ↑ Heal 1974, p. 87.
  18. ↑ "Only One State Steel Firm Left", The Times (55601), 17 Jan 1963: 10
  19. ↑ Heal 1974, pp. 145-152.
  20. ↑ Heal 1974, p. 166.
  21. ↑ "Making way for the BOFs", The British Steelmaker 38, 1972: 9
  22. ↑ The Metal Bulletin, 1972, p. 33
  23. ↑ "Skinningrove Works", Iron and Steel 45, 1972: 69
  24. ↑ Hugill, Steven (8 Feb 2014), "Caterpillar, in Skinningrove, east Cleveland, expands shoe-making operations", www.thenorthernecho.co.uk
  25. ↑ "Tata Steel agrees sale of Long Products Europe business", www.railwaygazette.com, 11 Apr 2016
  26. ↑ McNeal, Ian (11 Apr 2016), "Tata Steel sale of Skinningrove and Lackenby works goes through", www.gazettelive.co.uk

Sources

  • Heal, David W. (1974), "The Steel Industry in Post War Britain", Industrial Britain (David and Charles), ISBN 0 7153 6565 7 

Further reading

  • Shepherd, Cliff (2012), Skinningrove Iron and Steel Works, Industrial Railway Society 

External links

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