Skolem arithmetic
Skolem arithmetic is the first-order theory of the natural numbers with multiplication, named in honor of Thoralf Skolem. The signature of Skolem arithmetic contains only the multiplication operation and equality, omitting the addition operation entirely.
Skolem arithmetic is much weaker than Peano arithmetic, which includes both addition and multiplication operations. Unlike Peano arithmetic, Skolem arithmetic is a decidable theory. This means it is possible to effectively determine, for any sentence in the language of Skolem arithmetic, whether that sentence is provable from the axioms of Skolem arithmetic. The asymptotic running-time computational complexity of this decision problem is triply exponential, however.
Extension
Skolem arithmetic with the order predicate or the successor predicate is equivalent to Peano arithmetic.
See also
References
Bès, Alexis. "A survey of Arithmetical Definability". Retrieved 27 June 2012.