Smoothie

Blueberry smoothie
Smoothie and blender
Smoothie bar in South Africa

A smoothie (occasionally spelled smoothee or smoothy) is a thick beverage made from blended raw fruit and/or vegetables, with other ingredients such as water, ice, dairy products or sweeteners.

Added ingredients

In addition to blended fruit/vegetables, smoothies may include other ingredients such as water, crushed ice, fruit juice, sweeteners (e.g. honey, sugar, syrup), dairy products (e.g. milk, yogurt, low fat or cottage cheese, whey powder), plant milk, nuts, nut butter, seeds, tea, chocolate, herbal supplements, or nutritional supplements.

A smoothie containing dairy products is similar to a fruit milkshake, though the latter typically contains less fruit and often contains ice cream.

Health

The health of a smoothie depends on its ingredients. Many smoothies include large servings of fruits and vegetables which are recommended in a healthful diet. However, too many sweet fruits can lead to too much sugar.[1] Similarly, ingredients such as protein powders, sweeteners, or ice cream are often used in smoothie recipes, but are not necessarily healthful.

Smoothies include dietary fiber (e.g. pulp, often also skin and seeds) and so are thicker than fruit juice, with a consistency similar to a milkshake. The fiber makes smoothies more healthful than fruit juice alone.[2] Smoothies—particularly green smoothies (which include vegetables)—are often marketed to health-conscious people, for example as a healthier alternative to milkshakes.

Some commercial smoothies, however, have added sugar, which can more than double their carbohydrate content. The fact that smoothies can be quickly swallowed without chewing makes them less effective in providing a lasting hunger-inhibiting effect than eating the raw fruit/vegetables they contain.

Green smoothies

Green smoothie preparation

Green smoothies consist of typically 40-50%[3][4][5] green vegetables—usually raw leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale, swiss chard, collard greens, celery, parsley, or broccoli—the rest being mostly or entirely fruit.[6] Most raw green leafy vegetables are bitter, but this can be ameliorated by suitable choice of vegetables (e.g. baby spinach is almost flavourless) or fruit (e.g. banana softens both the flavour and texture).

Some claim that green smoothies are healthier than other smoothies, as balanced diets recommend a substantial proportion of vegetables (particularly green leafy ones), and are arguably a type of health shake. Hence they are popular among the health conscious, such as advocates of raw foodism. Others argue instead that green smoothies are in fact hazardous to health[7] as they contain high oxalate levels, the primary constituent of the most common kind of kidney stones as well as being a possible cause of other health complications such as Vulvodynia (a chronic pain syndrome that affects the vulvar area).

Some blender manufacturers specifically target their products towards making green smoothies, and provide a booklet of green smoothie recipes.[8]

Green smoothies have been growing rapidly in popularity since the early 2000s.[9]

Around the world

Smoothies have become increasingly popular worldwide since the 1990s,[10] due in part to being factory-produced (usually in bottles), enabling them to be sold via supermarkets and other mass-market outlets. However, they have a much longer history in various countries.

United States

Health food stores on the West Coast of the United States began selling smoothies in the 1930s, thanks to the invention of the electric blender.[11] The actual term 'smoothie' was in use in recipes and trademarks by the mid-1930s.

By the late 1960s, smoothies were widely sold across the US by ice cream vendors as well as health food stores. They were mainly made from fruit, fruit juice, and ice, though from the early 1970s, ice milk was sometimes added to create the "fruit shake".

In 1973 Steve Kuhnau founded Smoothie King. He set up numerous smoothie bars across the United States and popularized adding healthful ingredients such as vitamins and protein powder into the smoothies.[12] As smoothies became more popular and prominent, large companies decided to make pre-bottled smoothies and sell them in supermarkets.

Other countries

Many types of smoothie are found in Mediterranean, Middle Eastern and Indian cuisine. Fruit sharbats typically include yogurt and honey. In India, the mango lassi is a smoothie or milkshake including crushed ice, yogurt and sometimes sugar; in South India, pineapple smoothies using crushed ice and sugar (without yogurt) are more popular. Smoothies are also mixed with soft drinks and/or alcohol to make cocktails.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Boseley, Sarah (2013-09-07). "Smoothies and fruit juices are a new risk to health, US scientists warn". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2016-03-27.
  2. ↑ Choices, NHS. "5 A DAY FAQs - Live Well - NHS Choices". www.nhs.uk. Retrieved 2016-03-27.
  3. ↑ Boutenko, Victoria "Ode to a Green Smoothie", first published 2005 newsletter, RawFamily.com. Reprinted in Kyssa, Natasha (2009). The SimplyRaw Living Foods Detox Manual, beginning p.29. ISBN 1-55152-250-0.
  4. ↑ Zavasta, Tonya (2009), "Smooth Moves: Enjoy the Benefit of Green Smoothies and Puddings", Raw Food and Hot Yoga, p. 39, ISBN 0-9742434-9-3, A green smoothie...is a mixture of about 60 percent fruit and 40 percent leafy greens blended together in a delicious, nourishing beverage.
  5. ↑ Smith Jones, Susan (2008). Health Bliss, p.179. ISBN 1-4019-1241-9. "...about 50-60 percent fruit and 40-50 percent greens."
  6. ↑ Caldwell, Kim (2009) How Green Smoothies Saved My Life: A Guide for Using Green Smoothies, Uplifted Thinking, and Live Food to Enhance Your Life, p.12. ISBN 0-615-30290-4.
  7. ↑ "How Green Smoothies Can Devastate Your Health". The Healthy Home Economist. Retrieved 2016-04-27.
  8. ↑ (Nov 2008 - Jan 2009). Organic Gardening, p.44. Vol. 56, No. 1. ISSN 1536-108X.
  9. ↑ "Google Ngram Viewer". Google Books. Retrieved 2016-03-27.
  10. ↑ "Google Ngram Viewer". books.google.com. Retrieved 2016-03-27.
  11. ↑ Brown, Ellen (2005). The Complete Idiot's Guide to Smoothies. p. 3. ISBN 1-59257-318-5.
  12. ↑ "Account Suspended". www.howtomakeasmoothie.net. Retrieved 2016-03-27.

Further reading

External links

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