The Baroque Cycle

Neal Stephenson (center) makes use of historical figures as characters in The Baroque Cycle, such as (counterclockwise from upper left) Isaac Newton, Leibniz, Sophia of Hanover and William of Orange

The Baroque Cycle is a series of novels by American writer Neal Stephenson. It was published in three volumes containing 8 books in 2003 and 2004. The story follows the adventures of a sizeable cast of characters living amidst some of the central events of the late 17th and early 18th centuries in Europe, Africa, Asia, and Central America. Despite featuring a literary treatment consistent with historical fiction, Stephenson has characterized the work as science fiction, because of the presence of some anomalous occurrences and the work's particular emphasis on themes relating to science and technology.^[1] The sciences of cryptology and numismatics feature heavily in the series, as they do in some of Stephenson's other works.

Books

The Baroque Cycle consists of several novels "lumped together into three volumes because it is more convenient from a publishing standpoint"; Stephenson felt calling the works a trilogy would be "bogus".^[2]

Appearing in print in 2003 and 2004, the cycle contains eight books originally published in three volumes:

• Quicksilver, Vol. I of the Baroque Cycle – Arthur C. Clarke Award winner, Locus Award nominee, 2004^[3]
  • Book 1 – Quicksilver
  • Book 2 – King of the Vagabonds
  • Book 3 – Odalisque
• The Confusion, Vol. II of the Baroque Cycle – Locus Award winner
  • Book 4 – Bonanza
  • Book 5 – The Juncto
• The System of the World, Vol. III of the Baroque Cycle – Locus Award winner, Arthur C. Clarke Award nominee, 2005^[4]
  • Book 6 – Solomon's Gold
  • Book 7 – Currency
  • Book 8 – The System of the World

Setting

The books travel throughout Early modern Europe between the Restoration Stuart Monarchy until the beginning of the 18th century. Though most of the focus is in Europe, the adventures of one character, Jack Shaftoe, do take him throughout the world, and the fledgling British colonies in North America are important to another (Daniel Waterhouse). Quicksilver takes place mainly in the years between the Restoration of the Stuart monarchy in England (1660) and the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The Confusion follows Quicksilver without temporal interruption, but ranges geographically from Europe and the Mediterranean through India to the Philippines, Japan, and Mexico. The System of the World takes place principally in London in 1714, about ten years after the events of The Confusion.

Themes

A central theme in the series is Europe's transformation away from feudal rule and control toward the rational, scientific, and more merit-based systems of government, finance, and social development that define what is now considered "western" and "modern".

Characters include Isaac Newton, Gottfried Leibniz, Nicolas Fatio de Duillier, William of Orange, Louis XIV of France, Oliver Cromwell, Peter the Great, John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough and many other people of note of that time. The fictional characters of Eliza, Jack and Daniel collectively cause real historic effects.

The books feature considerable sections concerning alchemy. The principal alchemist of the tale is the mysterious Enoch Root, who, along with the descendants of several characters in this series, is also featured in the Stephenson novel Cryptonomicon.

Inspiration

Stephenson was inspired to write The Baroque Cycle when, while working on Cryptonomicon, he encountered a statement by George Dyson in Darwin among the Machines that suggests Leibniz was "arguably the founder of symbolic logic and he worked with computing machines".^[5] He also had heard considerable discussion of the Leibniz–Newton calculus controversy and Newton's work at the treasury during the last 30 years of his life,^[5] and in particular the case against Leibniz as summed up in the Commercium Epistolicum of 1712 was a huge inspiration which went on to inform the project. He found "this information striking when [he] was already working on a book about money and a book about computers".^[5] Further research into the period excited Stephenson and he embarked on writing the historical piece that became The Baroque Cycle.^[5]

Characters

Main characters

• Daniel Waterhouse, an English natural philosopher and Dissenter
• Jack Shaftoe, an illiterate adventurer of great resourcefulness and charisma
• Eliza, a girl abducted into slavery, and later freed, who becomes a spy and a financier
• Enoch Root, a mysterious and ageless man
• Bob Shaftoe, a soldier in the service of John Churchill, and brother of Jack Shaftoe

Minor characters

Louis Anglesey, Earl of Upnor, best swordsman in England Thomas More Anglesey, Cavalier, Duke of Gunfleet Duc d'Arcachon, French admiral who dabbles in slavery Etienne d'Arcachon, son of the duke; most polite man in France Henry Arlanc (1), Huguenot, friend of Jack Shaftoe. Henry Arlanc (2), Son of Henry Arlanc (1), porter of Royal Society Mrs. Arlanc, wife of Henry (2) Gomer Bolstrood, dissident agitator, future legendary furniture maker Clarke, English alchemist, boards young Isaac Newton Charles Comstock, son of John Comstock John Comstock, Earl of Epsom and Lord Chancellor Roger Comstock, Marquis of Ravenscar, Whig Patron of Daniel Waterhouse Will Comstock, Earl of Lostwithiel Dappa, Nigerian linguist aboard Minerva Moseh de la Cruz, galley slave, Spanish Jew Vrej Esphanian, galley slave, Armenian Trader Mr. Foot, galley slave, erstwhile bar-owner from Dunkirk Édouard de Gex, Jesuit fanatic, court priest at Versailles Gabriel Goto, galley slave, Jesuit priest from Japan Lothar von Hacklheber, German banker obsessed with alchemy Thomas Ham, of Ham Bros Goldsmiths, half-brother-in-law of Daniel Waterhouse Otto van Hoek, galley slave, Captain of the Minerva

Jeronimo, galley slave, a high-born Spaniard with Tourette's Syndrome Mr. Kikin, Russian diplomat in London Nyazi, galley slave, camel-trader of the Upper Nile Norman Orney, London shipbuilder and Dissenter Danny Shaftoe, son of Jack Shaftoe Jimmy Shaftoe, son of Jack Shaftoe Mr. Sluys, Dutch merchant and traitor Mr. Threader, Tory money-scrivener Drake Waterhouse, Puritan father of Daniel Waterhouse Faith Waterhouse, wife of Daniel Waterhouse Godfrey Waterhouse, son of Daniel Waterhouse Mayflower Waterhouse, half-sister of Daniel Waterhouse, wife of Thomas Ham Raleigh Waterhouse, half-brother of Daniel Waterhouse Sterling Waterhouse, half-brother of Daniel Waterhouse Charles White, Tory, Captain of the King's Messengers, who has the habit of biting off people's ears Yevgeny the Raskolnik, Russian heretic, whaler and anti-tsarist rebel Peter Hoxton (Saturn), horologist Colonel Barnes, peg-legged commander of dragoons Queen Kottakkal, sovereign of the Malabar pirates. Teague Partry, distant relative of the Shaftoes in Connaught, Ireland Henrietta Braithwaite, mistress of George II

Historical figures who appear as characters

Jean Bart Catherine Barton Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke Robert Boyle Caroline of Ansbach Charles II of England John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough Sir William Curtius D'Artagnan Nicolas Fatio de Duillier John Flamsteed Benjamin Franklin (as a young boy) Eleanor Erdmuthe Louise, widow of John Frederick Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatine George I of Great Britain George II of Great Britain, the Prince of Wales Mother Goose Nell Gwyn George Frideric Handel Robert Hooke Christiaan Huygens James Stuart, James II and the Duke of York George Jeffreys Johann Georg IV, Elector of Saxony

Arnold Joost van Keppel Jack Ketch Gottfried Leibniz Louis XIV of France Mary II of England Thomas Newcomen Isaac Newton Henry Oldenburg William Penn Samuel Pepys Peter the Great traveling incognito as Peter Romanov Bonaventure Rossignol, a French cryptanalyst James Scott, Duke of Monmouth John III Sobieski, King of Poland Sophia of Hanover Sophia Charlotte of Hanover Edward "Blackbeard" Teach Elizabeth Villiers John Wilkins William III of England, Prince of Orange Christopher Wren John Locke John Keill

Critical response

Robert Wiersem of The Toronto Star called The Baroque Cycle a "sublime, immersive, brain-throttlingly complex marvel of a novel that will keep scholars and critics occupied for the next 100 years".^[6]

References

Notes

1. Godwin, Mike; Neal Stephenson (February 2005). "Neal Stephenson's Past, Present, and Future" (print article). Reason (magazine). Retrieved 2007-08-11. Labels such as science fiction are most useful when employed for marketing purposes, i.e., to help readers find books that they are likely to enjoy reading. With that in mind, I'd say that people who know and love science fiction will recognize these books as coming out of that tradition. So the science fiction label is useful for them as a marketing term. However, non-S.F. readers are also reading and enjoying these books, and I seem to have a new crop of readers who aren't even aware that I am known as an S.F. writer. So it would be an error to be too strict or literal-minded about application of the science fiction label.
2. Stephenson comment on MetaWeb
3. "2004 Award Winners & Nominees". Worlds Without End. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
4. "2005 Award Winners & Nominees". Worlds Without End. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
5. Stephenson, Neal. "How the Baroque Cycle Began" in P.S. of Quicksilver Perennial ed. 2004.
6. "The Power of Three". The Toronto Star. 2004-10-03. Retrieved 2010-04-01.

External links

• Locus Magazine interview with Neal Stephenson
• The Source of the Modern World interview by Glenn Reynolds at Tech Central Station
• Back to the Baroque review by Reynolds in The Weekly Standard
• "Neal Stephenson – the interview" on Guardian Unlimited, regarding The Baroque Cycle