Sodium percarbonate

Sodium percarbonate

Names
IUPAC name sodium carbonate—hydrogen peroxide (2/3)
Other names sodium carbonate sesquiperhydrate, PCS, solid hydrogen peroxide, Sodium carbonate hydrogen peroxide, sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate
Identifiers
CAS Number	15630-89-4
ChemSpider	13399092
EC Number	239-707-6
Jmol 3D image	Interactive graph
PubChem	159762
RTECS number	FG0750000
UNII	Z7G82NV92P
InChI InChI=1S/CH2O4.Na/c2-1(3)5-4;/h4H,(H,2,3);/q;+1/p-1 Key: MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M InChI=1S/CH2O4.Na/c2-1(3)5-4;/h4H,(H,2,3);/q;+1/p-1 Key: MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-REWHXWOFAO Key: MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
SMILES [Na+].[O-]C(=O)OO
Properties
Chemical formula	Na2CO3·1.5H2O2
Molar mass	156.982 g/mol
Appearance	white solid
Solubility in water	150 g/l
Hazards
Main hazards	Irritant, Oxidizer
Flash point	Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions	Sodium carbonate Sodium bicarbonate
Other cations	Calcium percarbonate Magnesium percarbonate
Related compounds	Sodium perborate Sodium persulfate Sodium perphosphate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Sodium percarbonate is a chemical, an adduct of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide (a perhydrate), with formula 2Na₂CO₃ · 3H₂O₂. It is a colorless, crystalline, hygroscopic and water-soluble solid.^[1] It is used in some eco-friendly cleaning products and as a laboratory source of anhydrous hydrogen peroxide.

This product contains the carbonate anion, and should not be confused with sodium peroxocarbonate Na₂CO₄ or peroxodicarbonate Na₂C₂O₆, which contain different anions.

Sodium percarbonate was first prepared in 1899 by Russian chemist Sebastian Moiseevich Tanatar (Севастьян Моисеевич Танатар) (7 October 1849, Odessa, Russia — 30 November 1917, Odessa, Russia).^[2]

Structure

At room temperature, solid sodium percarbonate has the orthorhombic crystal structure, with the Cmca crystallographic space group. The structure changes to Pbca as the crystals are cooled below about −30 °C.^[3]

Production

Sodium percarbonate is produced industrially by reaction of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide, followed by crystallization. Also, dry sodium carbonate may be treated directly with concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution. World production capacity of this compound was estimated at several hundred thousand tonnes for 2004.^[4] It can be obtained in the laboratory by treating the two substances in aqueous solution with proper control of the pH^[5] or concentrations.^[3]

Uses

As an oxidizing agent, sodium percarbonate is an ingredient in a number of home and laundry cleaning products, including non-chlorine bleach products such as OxyBoost, OxiClean, Tide laundry detergent,^[1] and Vanish.^[6] Dissolved in water, it yields a mixture of hydrogen peroxide (which eventually decomposes to water and oxygen) and sodium carbonate ("soda ash").^[1]

2Na₂CO₃.3H₂O₂ → 2Na₂CO₃ + 3H₂O₂ ^[6]

Sodium percarbonate can be used in organic synthesis as a convenient source of anhydrous H₂O₂, in particular in solvents that cannot dissolve the carbonate but can leach the H₂O₂ out of it.^[7]

Commercial products

• OxiClean
• Oxyper
• OxyBoost

References

1. Craig W. Jones (1999). Applications of hydrogen peroxide and its derivatives. Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 0-85404-536-8.
2. S. Tanatar (1899) "Percarbonate," Berichte der Deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin, 32 : 1544-1546.
3. R. G. Pritchard and E. Islam (2003). "Sodium percarbonate between 293 and 100 K". Acta Crystallographica Section B B59 (5): 596–605. doi:10.1107/S0108768103012291.
4. Harald Jakob, Stefan Leininger, Thomas Lehmann, Sylvia Jacobi, Sven Gutewort (2005), "Peroxo Compounds, Inorganic", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_177.pub2
5. J. M. Adams and R. G. Pritchard (1977). "The crystal structure of sodium percarbonate: an unusual layered solid". Acta Crystallographica Section B B33 (12): 3650–3653. doi:10.1107/S0567740877011790.
6. "Oxygen-based bleaches", The Royal Society of Chemistry, and Reckitt Benckiser (the manufacturers of Vanish)
7. McKillop, A (1995). "Sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate: Cheap, safe and versatile oxidising agents for organic synthesis". Tetrahedron 51 (22): 6145. doi:10.1016/0040-4020(95)00304-Q.

External links

• Organic Chemistry Portal: Sodium percarbonate
• Record in the Household Products Database of NLM