The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina

This article is about The Military College in South Carolina. For other uses, see The Citadel (disambiguation).
The Citadel
The Military College of South Carolina
Type Senior Military College
Established 1842
Endowment $254.3 million (2015)[1]
President LtGen John W. Rosa USAF, ret.
Provost BGen Connie L. Book SCM
Commandant CAPT Eugene F. Paluso USN, ret.
Academic staff
 225
Students 3,506[2]
Undergraduates 2,290 cadets
323 non-cadets (veterans, active duty military, part time civilians)
Postgraduates 835
Location Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.
32°47′50″N 79°57′40″W / 32.79722°N 79.96111°W / 32.79722; -79.96111Coordinates: 32°47′50″N 79°57′40″W / 32.79722°N 79.96111°W / 32.79722; -79.96111
Campus Urban, 300 acres (121 ha)
Colors Citadel Blue and White[3]
         
Athletics NCAA Division I – Southern Conference
Nickname Bulldogs
Mascot Spike
Live Mascots: General 2 & Boo X
Affiliations AASCU
Website www.citadel.edu

The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, commonly referred to simply as The Citadel, is a state-supported, comprehensive college located in Charleston, South Carolina, United States. Established in 1842, it is one of six Senior Military Colleges in the United States. It has 17 academic departments divided into five schools offering 19 majors and 36 minors. The core program consists of military cadets pursuing bachelor's degrees who are required to live on campus for four years; The Citadel also offers evening graduate programs, non-cadet undergraduate programs, and one online master's degree program.[4] The Citadel is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.[5]

College overview

The Citadel combines academics, physical challenges and military discipline. The South Carolina Corps of Cadets is one of the largest uniformed student bodies in the United States and all members of the corps of cadets are required to participate in ROTC; The Citadel is one of only 2 American colleges requiring all undergraduates (except veterans and active duty military) to be a member of the corps of cadets and enroll in ROTC. The academic program is divided into five schools – Engineering, Science and Mathematics, Humanities and Social Sciences, Business Administration and Education; Bachelor's degrees are offered in 19 major programs of study and 36 minors. Graduate degrees are offered in 2 educational specialist courses, 19 master's degrees and 7 graduate certificates; a 2+2 evening program allows those with associate degrees from community colleges to pursue undergraduate bachelor's degrees in 4 subjects. An online master's degrees is offered in Engineering Management and Leadership. 94% of the faculty hold doctoral degrees and the majority are full-time professors; the ratio of cadets to faculty is 13–1 and the average class size is 20.[6]

The Citadel enrolls 2,290 in its undergraduate Corps of Cadets and 1,160 civilian students pursuing undergraduate and graduate degrees; women comprise 8% of the Corps and minorities 15%. Approximately half of The Citadel's cadet enrollment is from the state of South Carolina, cadets come from 45 states and 15 foreign countries.[7] South Carolina residents receive a discount in tuition, as is common at state-sponsored schools. The Citadel receives 8% of its operating budget from the state.[8]

In 2015 the schools ROTC program commissioned 158 officers, more than any other Senior Military College and ranking only behind the service academies.

All students, both cadets and civilian students, are eligible to compete on The Citadel's athletic teams. While all programs make use of the Citadel campus and professors, only cadets live on campus.[9][10] The veterans program, reinstated in the fall of 2007, allows veterans to attend classes with cadets and complete their degrees if certain criteria are met.[11] Enlisted members from the Marine Corps and Navy also attend cadet classes as part of a program to commission highly qualified NCOs.[12]

The mission of The Citadel is:

To educate and develop our students to become principled leaders in all walks of life by instilling the core values of The Citadel in a disciplined and intellectually challenging environment. A unique feature of this environment for the South Carolina Corps of Cadets is the sense of camaraderie produced through teamwork and service to others while following a military lifestyle.[13]

History

The Citadel presidents
Captain William F. Graham, USA1843–1844
Major Richard W. Colcock, USA1844–1852
Major Francis W. Capers, CSA1852–1859
Major Peter F. Stevens, SCM1859–1861
Major James B. White, SCM1861–1865
Colonel John P. Thomas, CSA1882–1885
BrigGen George D. Johnston, CSA1885–1890
Colonel Asbury Coward, CSA1890–1908
Colonel Oliver J. Bond, SCM1908–1931
General Charles P. Summerall, USA1931–1953
Colonel Louis S. LeTellier, SCM1953–1954 (Interim)
General Mark W. Clark, USA1954–1965
General Hugh P. Harris, USA1965–1970
MajGen James A. Duckett, SCM '321970–1974
LtGen George M. Seignious, USA '421974–1979
MajGen Wallace Anderson, SCM1979 (Interim)
VADM James B. Stockdale, USN1979–1980
MajGen James Grimsley, Jr., USA '421980–1989
LtGen Cladius E. Watts, USAF '581989–1996
BrigGen Roger C. Poole, USAR '591996–1997 (Interim)
MajGen John S. Grinalds, USMC1997–2005
BrigGen Roger C. Poole, USAR '592005–2006 (Interim)
LtGen John W. Rosa, Jr., USAF '732006–present

The Citadel traces its origins to a series of arsenals constructed by the state of South Carolina in the 1820s; founded by act of the state legislature in 1842 as the South Carolina Military Academy it originally consisted of the Citadel Academy in Charleston and the Arsenal Academy in Columbia, the Arsenal was burned by Shermans forces during the American Civil War and never reopened, the Citadel Academy was occupied by Union troops in 1865 and reopened as an educational institution in 1882.
During the civil war, the SCMA Corps of Cadets was organized into a military unit known as the Battalion of State Cadets which took part in 9 engagements. In January 1861 Citadel Academy cadets manning a battery on Morris Island fired the first shots of the conflict when they shelled the Union steamship Star of the West which was attempting to resupply Fort Sumter; in December 1864 the cadet battalion made up more than a third of a Confederate force that defended a strategic rail line during the Battle of Tulifinny, the only time in U.S. history when the entire student body of a college fought in combat. Citadel cadets and alumni have served in every United States military action from the Mexican War to the current War on Global Terrorism; all cadets are required to take ROTC and 40% are commissioned into all 5 military services.
In 1922 the school moved from its original location on Marion Square in downtown Charleston to a new campus on the banks of the Ashley River on the northwest side of the city and has grown steadily from an enrollment of 460 to its present 3,500. During World War II The Citadel had the highest percentage of any American college student body serving in the military and all but 46 of its living graduates were members of the armed forces. Alumni served as members of the Flying Tigers and Doolittle Raiders; 280 died in the service of their country.
The first black cadet enrolled in 1966 and women were admitted in 1996. A graduate program was started in 1968. A major capital improvement campaign started in 1989 saw the replacement or extensive renovation of a majority of the buildings on campus, academic offerings have been continuously expanded to offer in demand courses and degrees in fields such as Mechanical Engineering, Computer Science, Cybersecurity and Criminal Justice.

Academics


Rankings

In 2015 for the fifth consecutive year, U.S. News & World Report ranked The Citadel highest among public institutions in the "Regional Universities – South" category and third out of all 94 universities (public and private) in the same category,[14][15] defined as those institutions offering "a full range of undergrad programs and some master's programs". In 2015 U.S. News & World Report also ranked The Citadel as the third best value among institutions in the "Regional Universities – South" category. In 2005 Newsweek named The Citadel as one of America's "hottest colleges".[16]

In 2010, The Citadel ranked first nationally in graduation rate for public colleges with matriculents having a median SAT of 1100 and currently ranks 25th out of all US public colleges in 4 year graduation rate.[17] As of 2012, the four-year graduation rate is 63% compared to a national average of 30%;[18] the six-year rate is 72%.[19] Additionally, the class of 2012 had an average SAT score of 1102, which was the second-highest average SAT score in school history.[20]

Colleges and schools

During the 2002–03 academic year, The Citadel reorganized its existing Departments into five schools, each headed by a Dean. The schools comprise Business; Education; Engineering; Humanities and Social Sciences; and Science and Mathematics.[21]

Business

The School of Business offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in Business Administration. Accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business since 1996, more cadets major in Business Administration than any other major. The MBA program is also the largest of The Citadel's graduate programs. The school will relocate to a new building to be constructed south of campus beginning in 2017. The building will be named for Rick and Mary Lee Bastin.[22]

Education

The Zucker Family School of Education houses undergraduate and graduate education programs in several specialties. On November 11, 2014, The Citadel named its School of Education for the Zucker Family, after Anita Zucker made a $4 million donation to the school for its education programs.[23] The school is currently located in Capers Hall, but will relocate to Bond Hall upon the completion of Bastin Hall.[22]

Engineering

The School of Engineering, which claims to be the fifth oldest such program in the nation, has long offered undergraduate degrees in Civil and Electrical Engineering. In 2014, the school added a Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering program and added 13 additional degree and certificate programs in 2015, including master's degrees in Civil, Electrical, and Mechanical Engineering. The school is located in Letellier Hall (Civil and Mechanical Engineering) and Grimsley Hall (Electrical Engineering).[24][25] U.S. News & World Report ranked The Citadel's School of Engineering 22nd among all undergraduate engineering programs without doctoral degrees in the United States in 2015, the fifth straight year that the school has been in the Top 25.[14][15]

Humanities and Social Sciences

The Citadel School of Humanities and Social Sciences consists of six departments: Criminal Justice, English, History, Modern Languages, Political Science, and Psychology. The school offers six majors (with multiple concentrations) and 19 minors, and awards more than 50% of the credit hours earned at The Citadel. For graduate work, the school offers five degree programs and three certificates, including cyber security and intelligence analysis. These programs resulted in the school being named a National Center of Academic Excellence in Cyber Defense by the National Security Agency.[26] The school is located in Capers Hall, which will soon be rebuilt and modernized.[22]

Science and Mathematics

The Citadel School of Science and Mathematics is composed of the Departments of Biology, Chemistry, Health, Exercise, and Sport Science, Mathematics and Computer Science, and Physics. The school, along with the Zucker Family School of Education and the School of Engineering, sponsor the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) Center of Excellence, which hosts a variety of events throughout the year, including the annual Storm The Citadel week featuring a trebuchet competition.[27]

Academic programs

In addition to the centerpiece Corps of Cadets residential day military program, The Citadel offers several degree options to non-cadets, including but not limited to targeting active duty military, veterans, as well as civilians in both classroom and online settings.

Corps of Cadets

The flagship program serves the South Carolina Corps of Cadets, a residential, full-time day program in a military environment. Focusing on educating the "whole person," membership in the Corps of Cadets is for students pursuing undergraduate degrees. With limited exceptions for veterans, active duty military pursuing an enlisted commissioning program, and former cadets who have completed four years as cadets, no civilians attend classes during daytime classes. In limited circumstances, cadets can attend classes for other programs (primarily the Evening Undergraduate program).

The Citadel Graduate College

The Citadel's evening graduate program serves the Lowcountry by offering regionally and professionally accredited bachelor's, master's and specialist degrees scheduled around the student's profession, family and lifestyle. CGC offers 19 graduate programs with concentrations in education, psychology, computer science and business.[note 1] The Masters of Business Administration program is nationally accredited, CGC also offers undergraduate evening programs in business and engineering. Some programs are offered through the Lowcountry Graduate Center consortium in North Charleston, South Carolina.

Enlisted Commissioning Programs

The Citadel is home to Enlisted Commissioning Programs for the Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard.[28] The first Marine Enlisted Commissioning Education Program in the nation was established at The Citadel in 1973. Participants in these programs attend day classes with cadets in their service uniform, including ROTC, but are not required to live on campus.

Leadership training

ROTC

All cadets are required to undergo four years of ROTC training in one of the four branches of the armed services, but they are not required to enter military service after graduation.

United States Coast Guard Auxiliary University Program

In addition to their required ROTC course, cadets interested in pursuing a career with the United States Coast Guard can join The Citadel's Coast Guard Auxiliary Unit Program (AUP). Originally established as The Citadel Coast Guard Society in 2007 and officially designated as Coast Guard Auxiliary Flotilla 12-8a Citadel Detachment in 2008, The Citadel's Auxiliary Unit Program is one of the first Coast Guard Auxiliary University Programs in the nation. The purpose of the unit is to orient and educate cadets on service options within the United States Coast Guard, to include Direct Commissions, Officer Candidate School (OCS), active duty and reserve enlistments, and continued service with the auxiliary.[29][30][31]

Krause Center for Leadership and Ethics

Established with a gift from L. William Krause '64, the Krause Center for Leadership and Ethics offers symposiums, classes and training seminars to help instill the principles of leadership, ethics, morals and service. A minor in leadership studies is also sponsored through this program. Training is conducted each year for freshmen and sophomores on honor and ethics. Leadership classes are also given to cadets in the senior chain of command. The institute also sponsors programs that offer cadets an opportunity to perform community service and instill a sense of commitment to one's fellow man.[32]

Cadet Officer Leadership School

Selected members of Air Force JROTC units from the Southeastern United States cadets are eligible to spend a week at The Citadel for officer training for their home JROTC units. A routine day attending Cadet Officer Leadership School (COLS) begins with waking up to Reveille for morning PT, the remainder of the day is uniform wear and inspection, two classes and constant regulation drill. On the day of graduation from the school, cadets participate in a "pass in review" ceremony where awards and decorations are given to certain cadets who have gone above the normal standards. A PT ribbon and a Leadership School ribbon are given to all cadets who graduate from COLS back at their home unit.

Cadet life

Undergraduate students desiring to join the South Carolina Corps of Cadets must meet physical fitness and SAT/ACT testing standards for acceptance.[33] On occasion, waivers to height/weight standards can be granted upon successful completion of the physical training test. On most days, cadets have both morning and afternoon physical (fitness) training, called "PT", military instruction on leadership, weapons, drill, and discipline, in addition to their regular college classes.

Most weekdays start with a formal muster and inspection of all personnel and their rooms. Cadets then march to structured military meals. After a day spent in classes, sports, intramurals and other activities, the day usually ends with an evening muster formation and mandatory evening study period during which there is enforced quiet time and all cadets are required to be in the barracks, library or academic buildings. Cadets are restricted to campus during the week, but are allowed general leave on weekends and have limited but gradually escalating privileges for weekend and overnight passes.

Because The Citadel corps of cadets program emphasizes corps unity and discipline, cadets may not be married and must live on campus in the barracks with their assigned company. The Citadel emphasizes an extremely strict disciplinary and physical fitness indoctrination for fourth-class cadets, who are called knobs because of the shaved heads of the males,[34]:93 which they must maintain until the end of their first year when they are then recognized as upperclassmen.

Cadets who accumulate too many demerits or breach regulations can be punished by serving confinements or tours. A tour is one hour spent marching in the barracks with a rifle at shoulder arms and is normally performed when a cadet would otherwise be permitted to leave campus. A confinement is one hour spent in a cadet's room when they would normally be permitted to leave campus.

Citadel Cadet Class Ring. The non-cadet ring is not shown

First class cadets, those in their senior year, receive their class rings at a special ring presentation ceremony, which was previously held in the college's chapel, but which now takes place in the school's field house. The Citadel ring is 10 karat gold with no gem stone. The design is common to all cadets/non-cadets and the design does not change with each class, with the exception of the class year. Students not enrolled in the corps of cadets may receive a ring which is the same size, and similar design but does not say "Military College."[34]:188–20[35]

One of the core values of The Citadel is a strictly enforced Honor Code that mandates that all cadets and students not lie, cheat, steal or tolerate those who do. A cadet-run Honor Court investigates all alleged violations and conducts trials; expulsion is the usual penalty when found guilty.

Included in The Citadel Graduate College are active duty Marine Corps and Navy enlisted personnel attending The Citadel under the Seaman To Admiral program (STA-21) and the Marine Enlisted Commissioning Education Program (MECEP), which originated at The Citadel in 1973.[36]

Core values

In its vision statement the Citadel Board of Visitors identifies the following as the school's "core values:"[37]

The Regimental Band and Pipes

Established in 1909, the Regimental Band is one of the twenty-one companies that comprise the current Corps and is a prominent feature at every formal parade. Prospective members must pass an audition. None of the band's members are music majors, as The Citadel does not offer such a major, yet the band and pipes enjoy an international reputation. The Band and Pipes made their inaugural appearance at the Edinburgh Military Tattoo in 1991 and were the only group from the United States to perform that year. Selected again by the Director of the Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo in Scotland to represent the United States at the 2010 Silver Jubilee Tattoo, The Citadel Regimental Band and Pipes performed their own seven-minute segment of the Jubilee program in August, 2010 as well as performing as part of the massed pipes and massed bands. Selected for a third time to represent the United States at the 2015 Tattoo, the Regimental Band performed the opening fanfare for the Tattoo's theme "East meets West" as well as the massed bands finale. Combined with the Citadel pipe band, their own seven-minute segment of the show featured musical numbers reflecting a wide variety of uniquely American music.[39]

In the summer of 2013 the Band and Pipes performed as the United States representative at the week-long Royal Nova Scotia International Tattoo in Halifax, Canada.[40][41] The Citadel Pipe Band, established by General Mark W. Clark in 1955, is one of the few college bagpipe bands in the country[42] and it performs at the weekly parade at The Citadel, as well as at numerous other public events. The Citadel Regimental Band participated in the Presidential Inaugural parade in 1953, and again combined with the pipe band in the 1961 and 1985 Presidential Inaugural parades.

The Summerall Guards performing the Citadel Series.

Summerall Guards

Main article: The Summerall Guards

The Summerall Guards is a silent drill team consisting of 61 cadets chosen each spring from the junior class. Founded in 1932, the team performs a routine called The Citadel Series that has changed very little from its inception and has never been written down. The Guards have performed at numerous high profile events around the United States, including three presidential inaugurations, the National Cherry Blossom Festival, Mardi Gras in New Orleans and at several NFL games.[43]

The Honors Program

An Honors Program is available for cadets with exceptional academic standing and includes a core curriculum of honors courses conducted by the most highly rated faculty members, small seminars and classes are conducted in a discussion type forum that encourages intellectual advancement. The program also assists the most highly qualified cadets in applying for scholarships, grants and merit based internships; since 1992 The Citadel has produced 14 Fulbright Scholars and three Truman Scholars.[44]

Each year cadets participate in study abroad programs in numerous foreign countries, an internship program in Washington, D.C. allows cadets an opportunity to work at various government agencies and in the offices of congressmen and senators. Summer internship programs are available in many cities with major United States corporations.[45]

Athletics

Main article: The Citadel Bulldogs

The Citadel competes in NCAA Division I and has been a member of the Southern Conference since 1936; the school mascot is the Bulldog. Men's intercollegiate sports are football, basketball, baseball, wrestling, cross country, indoor and outdoor track, rifle, tennis and golf; women's sports are volleyball, soccer, cross country, indoor and outdoor track, rifle and golf. Numerous club sports include lacrosse, rugby, pistol, sailing, crew, ice hockey and triathlon.

The Citadel Bulldogs baseball team has won 20 Southern Conference regular season and tournament championships, most recently in 2010; 41 players have been selected in the MLB draft[46] The 1990 team won the Atlantic Regional, earning the school its first trip to the College World Series (CWS) and finishing the season ranked sixth in the final Collegiate Baseball poll with a record of 46–14; they also became the first military school to play in the CWS. Numerous alumni have played in the major leagues in recent years, Head Coach Fred Jordan '79 is the school's winningest with 800 victories as of the 2016 season.[47]

The football team has won three Southern Conference Championships and appeared in the Football Championship Subdivision playoffs four times; the 1960 team defeated Tennessee Tech 27–0 in the Tangerine Bowl.[48] The 1992 squad went 11–2 and finished the regular season ranked #1 in the I-AA poll.[49] The 2015 team recorded 9 wins including a victory over South Carolina; they were Conference Co-Champions and advanced to the second round of the FCS playoffs, 4 players were named to All-America teams. As of 2010 the football program had a graduation success rate of 90% compared to the Division I average of 65% [50] Several alumni have played in the NFL including current wide receiver Andre Roberts of the Washington Redskins; cornerback Cortez Allen recently played 5 seasons with the Pittsburgh Steelers. Fullback Nehemiah Broughton '05 played with the Washington Redskins, Arizona Cardinals and New York Giants; fullback Travis Jervey '95 was an All-Pro and member of the 1996 Super Bowl Champion Green Bay Packers, kicker Greg Davis '87 had a 12-year career with several teams including Arizona and the Atlanta Falcons. ESPN color commentator Paul Maguire '60 was a tight end and punter for three AFL champions with the Buffalo Bills and former St. Louis/Phoenix Cardinals running back Lyvonia "Stump" Mitchell '81 has been a head coach at two Division I colleges and served as an NFL assistant for Seattle, Washington and Arizona.

The wrestling team has sent 68 members to the NCAA Tournament and produced 4 All-Americans, with 3 in the past 2 seasons; Rob Hjerling was named the 2014 Southern Conference Coach of the Year.

Completed in 2005, the Inouye Marksmanship Center is utilized by cadets, law enforcement and the South Carolina National Guard. The rifle team has won four national championships;[51] Cadet Stephen Bowden was the 2013 National Individual Pistol Champion[52]

In 2010 The Citadel had a graduation success rate for athletes of 87%; this compares to the national Division I average of 70%.

Campus

Checkerboard Quadrangle of Padgett Thomas Barracks

The Citadel sits on a 300-acre (120 ha) tract of land on the Ashley River just to the northwest of downtown Charleston. There are 27 buildings grouped around a 10-acre (4.0 ha) grass parade ground. The buildings around the parade ground include ten classroom buildings, an administration building, five barracks, mess hall, a student activities building, chapel, library, a yacht club, a marksmanship center, a field house, faculty housing area and various support facilities including a laundry, cadet store, tailor shop and power plant. The campus is bounded on the west by the Ashley River, to the north by the Wagener Terrace neighborhood, to the east by Hampton Park and the Hampton Park Terrace neighborhood, and to the South by the Westside Neighborhood.

Just off the main campus are the football stadium, baseball stadium, and alumni center. Additionally, there is a large beach house facility located near the north end of the Isle of Palms.[53]

Summerall Chapel faces the Parade Grounds.

Summerall Chapel

The Summerall Chapel, designed by C.R. MacDonald, was started in September 7, 1936 and dedicated on Palm Sunday, April 10, 1938. The first services, however, were held in the chapel on September 19, 1937.[54] The chapel was named in honor of Citadel president Gen. Charles Pelot Summerall.[55] Inside, there is a set of thirty stained glass windows designed by H.G. Wilbert depicting the life of Jesus Christ which were executed by the Pittsburgh Stained Glass Studios in the 13th century Gothic style.[56] A $1 million repair program was developed for the chapel in 1985.[57]

The Daniel Library

Originally named "The Memorial Library and Museum" and opened in 1960, it was renamed in 1972, "The Daniel Library" in honor of Charles E. Daniel, '18 and Robert Hugh Daniel, '29, both lifelong benefactors of the college. Major renovations were completed in the fall of 2010. It houses over 200,000 volumes of material as well as electronic access to thousands of journals. The third floor of the building houses the campus archives and museum.[58][59] The Prioleau Room on the first floor houses special collections and is considered by many as one of the best places on campus to study with its dark wood paneling and fireplace. The Daniel Library website has information for locating items in the catalog,[60] the Lowcountry Digital Library,[61] and The Citadel's own Digital Collections.[62]

The Howie Carillon

Campus Landmarks

Howie Bell Tower and Carillon

Standing next to Summerall Chapel and built in 1954, this structure honors one of the schools most revered alumni, US Army Major Thomas D. Howie, Class of 1929, who served as Commander of 3rd Battalion, 116th Infantry Regiment, 29th Infantry Division in the Normandy Campaign during World War II and was immortalized as "The Major of St Lo". Killed in action during the liberation of St. Lo, France, he was so respected that his flag draped body was carried on the hood of a jeep at the head of the column of troops so he could be accorded the honor of being the first American to enter the city. A photo of his body placed in the rubble of the St. Croix Cathedral came to symbolize the courage and sacrifice of US forces in the European Theater. Containing 59 bronze bells cast at the Royal Bergen Foundry in the Netherlands, the tower carillon is one of the largest in the Western Hemisphere.[63]

Seraph Monument

Located next to Mark Clark Hall at the northeast corner of Summerall Field, this uniquely shaped monument contains artifacts from the British submarine HMS Seraph which carried then Major General Mark Clark to a secret landing in Algeria prior to the Allied landings in the North African Campaign of World War II in order to negotiate a surrender of the Vichy French forces; the vessel was also involved in "Operation Mincemeat", perhaps the most famous clandestine operation of the conflict which succeeded in convincing the Germans that the allies intended to invade Sardinia not Sicily. The memorial honors Anglo-American friendship and cooperation during World War II and is the only shore location in the United States authorized to fly the Royal Navy Ensign.[64][65][66]

General Mark Clark Gravesite

Lying between Mark Clark Hall and Summerall Chapel is the burial plot of US Army General Mark Wayne Clark who served as Citadel President from 1954 to 1965 and President Emeritus until his death in 1984. One of the most famous and senior U.S. military commanders of World War II Clark served as General Dwight Eisenhower's deputy during the "Operation Torch" landings in North Africa then commanded the 5th Army in the Italian campaign liberating Rome in June, 1944. He later served as Commanding General of the 15th Army Group and in 1952 was appointed by President Truman as Supreme Commander of UN forces in Korea.[67]

The Citadel Ring Statue

Located at the southeast corner of the parade ground near Lesesne Gate, the main entrance to campus, is a giant replica of The Citadel ring, recognized as the most important and treasured symbol of a graduate. It was a gift to The Citadel Alumni Association from Palmetto Balfour, the current supplier of the official Citadel class rings.[68]

Monuments to the armed forces

On the parade ground are monuments dedicated to each of the military services and honoring the contributions of Citadel alumni to the military. They include a Marine landing craft (LVT-H-6); an Army Sherman Tank (M4A3) and an Army Missile (Corporal); an Air Force fighter jet (F-4C Phantom II); an AH-1 "Cobra" helicopter gunship and an anchor from the aircraft carrier U.S.S. Coral Sea. A United States Coast Guard Bell serves as a monument to Citadel graduates who have lost their lives upon the sea.[64]

Alumni

The Citadel has produced a wealth of distinguished alumni in many different career fields; well known alumni include longtime U.S. Senator Ernest "Fritz" Hollings, best selling novelist Pat Conroy, football commentator Paul Maguire, Space Shuttle astronaut Colonel Randy Bresnik, Washington Redskins wide receiver Andre Roberts, and the longest serving Commander of the U.S. Navy Blue Angels, Captain Greg McWherter.[69] Notable alumni include 6 governors, 3 U.S. senators, 12 congressmen, the presidents of 46 colleges and universities, the Director of the U.S. Olympic Committee and many professional athletes.[70]

Approximately 40% of graduates are commissioned as military officers in the active or reserve components with another 10% going directly to graduate programs; alumni currently serve in all five military services. Over the years, 283 Citadel alumni have reached the top ranks in the military by becoming flag officers (Generals, Admirals or Commodore), ten have served as a state Adjutant General.[71] Seven alumni have served as pilots with the two U.S. military flight demonstration units, the Thunderbirds and Blue Angels; graduates have served as commanders of both squadrons.[72][73] Alumni also serve in the military services of foreign countries including 5 four star generals from Thailand and the head of Jordan's Security Forces.[70]

Citadel alumni were killed in action during the Mexican–American War (6), Civil War (67), World War I (15), World War II (280), Korean War (32), Vietnam War (68), Lebanon (1), Grenada (1), the Gulf War (1), and the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan (18).[74]

Fictional depictions

In film

In literature

In music

In television

Notes

  1. ↑ In 2007 The Citadel changed its graduate program's name from the College of Graduate and Professional Studies (CGPS) to The Citadel Graduate College (CGC).

References

  1. ↑ As of June 30, 2015. "U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year (FY) 2015 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY 2014 to FY 2015" (PDF). National Association of College and University Business Officers and Commonfund Institute. 2016.
  2. ↑ "Student Enrollment Profile" (PDF). The Citadel. Fall 2015. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
  3. ↑ "Brand Toolbox: Colors - The Citadel - Charleston, SC". Citadel.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-08.
  4. ↑ Klein, Kara. "Fully Online: Master of Science in Leadership - The Citadel - Charleston, SC". Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  5. ↑ "Institution Details: The Citadel". Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
  6. ↑ "The Citadel Graduate College". The Citadel. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
  7. ↑ "General Information and Quick Facts about The Citadel - The Citadel - Charleston, SC". The Citadel. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  8. ↑ "Why The Citadel needs to sponsor more varsity sports (and a few other things)". The Sports Arsenal. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
  9. ↑ Quick Facts from the Citadel web site. Archived August 11, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
  10. ↑ CPGS Overview Archived May 14, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
  11. ↑ "Citadel reinstates veterans program" (Press release). The Citadel Office of External Affairs. May 24, 2007. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
  12. ↑ "The Citadel Marine Contingent - The Citadel - Charleston, SC". .citadel.edu. 2014-01-22. Retrieved 2016-04-08.
  13. ↑ "The Citadel's Mission Statement". The Citadel. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
  14. 1 2 "2015 Best Colleges – The Citadel". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
  15. 1 2 "The Citadel named No. 1 Public College in the South for 5th consecutive year". The Citadel. September 9, 2015. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
  16. ↑ "Newsweek picks The Citadel as one of "America's Hottest Colleges"". WISTV. Aug 17, 2005. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
  17. ↑ "The Citadel Comparison". College Results Online. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
  18. ↑ Oman, Eric. "At a Glance - The Citadel - Charleston, SC". Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  19. ↑ Allen Grove. "The Citadel Admissions". About.com Education. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  20. ↑ "Class of 2012 breaks 32-year-old record - The Citadel - Charleston, SC". Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  21. ↑ "Citadel reorganizes departments into schools". The Citadel. November 21, 2002. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  22. 1 2 3 Amanda Kerr (April 5, 2015). "The Citadel poised to begin two multimillion dollar building projects". Post and Courier (Charleston, South Carolina). Retrieved May 1, 2016.
  23. ↑ Jennifer Berry Hawes (November 11, 2014). "Anita Zucker donates $4 million to The Citadel's education school". Post and Courier (Charleston, SC). Retrieved October 15, 2015.
  24. ↑ "Citadel School of Engineering to announce expansion". The Citadel. October 30, 2015. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  25. ↑ Paul Bowers (November 7, 2015). "The Citadel adds 13 new graduate degrees and certificates in engineering". Post and Courier (Charleston, SC). Retrieved November 16, 2015.
  26. ↑ Paul Bowers (April 28, 2016). "NSA lauds The Citadel for cybersecurity training". Post and Courier (Charleston, South Carolina). Retrieved April 29, 2016.
  27. ↑ Christina Elmore (February 13, 2016). "Thousands attend annual "Storm The Citadel trebuchet competition". Post and Courier (Charleston, South Carolina).
  28. ↑ "Coast Guard Officer Programs". Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  29. ↑ "Google Sites". Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  30. ↑ http://web.archive.org/web/20150530011818/https://sites.google.com/site/uscgauxcitadel/. Archived from the original on May 30, 2015. Retrieved April 8, 2013. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  31. ↑ "U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary University Programs (AUP)". Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  32. ↑ Klein, Kara. "Krause Center for Leadership & Ethics - The Citadel - Charleston, SC". Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  33. ↑ Admissions policy The Citadel Web site.
  34. 1 2 Macaulay, Alexander (2011). Marching in Step: Masculinity, Citizenship, and The Citadel in Post-World War II America. University of Georgia Press. ISBN 978-0-8203-3821-7.
  35. ↑ The Ring Archived February 6, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
  36. ↑ Klein, Kara. "The Citadel Marine Contingent - The Citadel - Charleston, SC". Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  37. ↑ "Core Values". The Citadel. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
  38. ↑ "The Honor Code - The Citadel - Charleston, SC". Citadel.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-26.
  39. ↑ "East Meets West for 2015". Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
  40. ↑ "Regimental Band and Pipes invited to another international tattoo - The Citadel - Charleston, SC". Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  41. ↑ Holmes, Aniesa (January 3, 2010). "Warming up the pipes". Jacksonville Daily News. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
  42. ↑ For a partial list of college pipe bands, see Fraser, Alistair B. "Pipe Bands Associated with Educational Institutions". Retrieved August 19, 2012.
  43. ↑ Bruce, Allison L. (December 14, 2004). "Summerall Guards selected to march at Bush's inauguration". Charleston Post and Courier. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
  44. ↑ Archived May 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  45. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on August 6, 2013. Retrieved January 8, 2014.
  46. ↑ Archived April 3, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
  47. ↑ "The Citadel Bulldogs - Coach Jordan Earns 800th Career Win". Citadelsports.com. Retrieved 2016-04-08.
  48. ↑ Archived May 7, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
  49. ↑ Clark, Brendan (March 15, 2012). "Two former coaches coming back to The Citadel". WCBD-TV. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
  50. ↑ "Citadel releases statement regarding arrest of former cadet". WCBD-TV. March 5, 2010. Retrieved September 24, 2012.
  51. ↑ Hartsell, Jeff (February 8, 2012). "Citadel rifle team targets perfection at $3.2m shooting range". Charleston Post and Courier. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
  52. ↑ http://www.nrablog.com/competitions/
  53. ↑ http://web.archive.org/web/20150623140754/http://www.citadel.edu/root/visitors-campus-guide/129-info/visit/virtual-tours/599. Archived from the original on June 23, 2015. Retrieved March 31, 2012. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  54. ↑ "The Citadel Chapel". News & Courier (Charleston, South Carolina). December 24, 1963. p. 6. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
  55. ↑ "Chapel Is Named for Summerall". News & Courier (Charleston, South Carolina). August 1, 1937. p. 9-A. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
  56. ↑ "Cadets' Summerall Chapel Joins Old And New Beauty". News & Courier (Charleston, South Carolina). February 26, 1962. p. 9-A. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
  57. ↑ Nelson, Laura (November 13, 1985). "Citadel Officials Want To Upgrade Chapel". News & Courier (Charleston, South Carolina). p. B1. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
  58. ↑ "The Citadel Archives: A Guide to Collections". The Citadel. 2013-03-27. Retrieved 2013-03-28.
  59. ↑ "Private funds pave way for Daniel Library's major transformation - The Citadel - Charleston, SC". Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  60. ↑ "Daniel Library Catalog publisher=The Citadel". Retrieved 2013-03-28.
  61. ↑ "The Citadel Collections on the Lowcountry Digital Library". Lowcountry Digital Library. Retrieved 2013-03-28.
  62. ↑ "Digital Collections @ The Citadel". The Citadel. Retrieved 2013-03-28.
  63. ↑ "The Major Thomas Dry Howie Carillon peals again". Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  64. 1 2 Oman, Eric. "Campus Monuments and Memorials - The Citadel - Charleston, SC". Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  65. ↑ (PDF) http://web.archive.org/web/20140201120240/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/News-and-Events/Reference-Library/~/media/Files/Navy-PDFs/News-and-Events/Naval%20Publications/BR%202/brd2book/ch91.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 1, 2014. Retrieved June 3, 2013. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  66. ↑ "H.M.S. Seraph". Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  67. ↑ "Mark Wayne Clark (1896 - 1984) - Find A Grave Memorial". Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  68. ↑ "The Citadel Ring Statue - The Citadel - Charleston, SC". Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  69. ↑ Archived October 12, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
  70. 1 2 "Distinguished and Notable Citadel Alumni" at http://citadelalumni.org/dcal/
  71. ↑ "Alumni Achievement". Citadel Alumni Association. 2010-05-12.
  72. ↑ "Blue Angels: Unit Officers, Their Roles & Responsibilities". U.S. Navy. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
  73. ↑ "Air Force Commander Killed". Charleston News and Courier. September 9, 1981. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
  74. ↑ Klein, Kara. "Class of '07 grad killed in action - The Citadel - Charleston, SC". Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  75. ↑ Devine, Jeremy M. (1995). Vietnam at 24 frames a second: a critical and thematic analysis of over 400 films about the Vietnam war. McFarland. pp. 351–52. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
  76. ↑ "Winter 2009 News from the South Carolina Film Commission". Savannah Daily News. January 23, 2009. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
  77. ↑ "Citadel scenes filmed for Dave Matthews video". Augusta Chronicle. Associated Press. April 19, 2005. Retrieved August 13, 2012.

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