South Eastern and Chatham Railway

Coat of Arms

The South Eastern and Chatham Railway Companies Joint Management Committee (SE&CRCJMC),[1] known as the South Eastern and Chatham Railway (SE&CR), was a working union of two neighbouring rival railways, the South Eastern Railway (SER) and London, Chatham and Dover Railway (LC&DR), which operated between London and south-east England. Between 1899 and 1923 the SE&CR had a monopoly of railway service in Kent, and to the main Channel ports for ferries to France and Belgium.

The companies had competed extensively, with some of the bitterest conflicts between British railway companies. Competing routes to the same destination were built, so many towns in Kent were served by both companies, with a legacy of two stations and services to multiple London termini.

Railway lines in Kent, showing most of the SECR network

Formation

By the end of the 19th century the SER and LC&DR had fought over a small and not particularly lucrative territory for 40 years. Both were notorious for the poor quality of their services and decrepitude of their stock, and the struggles had driven both companies to the verge of bankruptcy. It became inevitable that they must combine or succumb.

The SE&CR was formed on 1 January 1899, when the SER and LC&DR formed a "management committee" comprising the directors of both companies. This merged the two companies' operations, although they remained legally separate, with receipts split 59% to SER and 41% LC&DR until the Grouping, to avoid the costs and risks of a formal merger.

Integration

A SECR O1 Class (rebuilt from SER O class) 0-6-0, originally built in 1896

The SE&CR began connecting the two networks and new services were introduced, reaping the benefits of joint working. A significant step was the construction of a junction in 1902-4 between the SER and LC&DR main lines where they crossed near Bickley and St Mary Cray, east of Bromley; the LC&DR's line via Maidstone to Ashford was connected to the SER station at Ashford; and the SER branch from Strood to Chatham alongside the LC&DR's main line to Chatham was closed prior to World War I. The overlapping networks on the Isle of Thanet (Margate-Broadstairs-Ramsgate) was rationalised by the Southern Railway. Service cuts under BR saw Gravesend lose its second station.

Further development

A 1912 map of the SE&CR network

After the formation of the SE&CR, three minor lines were built before the formation of the Southern Railway in 1923. They were:

Accidents and incidents

St Johns

SE&CR locomotives

The LC&DR's works at Longhedge, Battersea closed in 1911 and production was concentrated at Ashford. Harry Wainwright was replaced by Richard Maunsell as Locomotive Superintendent in 1913.

Electrification

With the development and implementation of electrification by the L&SWR, the LB&SCR, the "Tube" companies and tram operators in the early twentieth century, the SECR planned to start electrifying its lines. The proposed method was 1500V DC using two additional rails - i.e. four rails like London Underground and the L&NWR. This very high voltage for rail track level systems was used in Britain only on the L&YR's 1200V DC side-contact third-rail line from Manchester Victoria to Bury. Grouping in 1923 led to Southern Railway's adopting the L&SWR's standard of 660V DC third rail on the SECR's network.

Ships

The SE&CR operated ships on cross-channel services.

Ex SER ships.
Ship Launched Tonnage (GRT) Notes
Albert Victor 1880[6] 814[6] Scrapped 1899.[6]
Boulogne 1878[6] 407[6] Sold in 1903 to British Central Africa Co Ltd.[6]
Duchess of York 1895[6] 996[6] Scrapped in 1904[6]
Folkestone 1878[6] 398[6] Scrapped in 1903.[6]
Louise Dagmar 1880[6] 818[6] Scrapped in 1899.[6]
Mary Beatrice 1882[6] 803[6] Scrapped in 1900[6]
Princess of Wales 1898[6] 1,009[6] Sold in 1910 to Argentina, renamed Río Uruguay.[6]
Ex LC&DR ships.
Ship Launched Tonnage (GRT) Notes
Breeze 1863[7] 385[7] Scrapped in 1899.[7]
Calais 1896[7] 979[7] Sold in 1911 to Hattemer, Boulogne, renamed Au Revoir.[7]
Calais-Douvres 1889[7] 1,212[7] Sold in 1900 to Liverpool & Douglas Steamers.[7]
Dover 1896[7] 979[7] Scrapped in 1911.[7]
Empress 1887[7] 1,213[7] Scrapped in 1906[7]
Foam 1862[7] 495[7] Scrapped in 1901.[7]
France 1864[7] 365[7] Scrapped in 1899.[7]
Invicta 1882[7] 1,282[7] Scrapped in 1899.[7]
Lord Warden 1896[7] 979[7] Scrapped in 1911.[7]
Petrel 1862[7] 503[7] Scrapped in 1899.[7]
Prince 1864[7] 338[7] Scrapped in 1899.[7]
Samphire 1861[7] 336[7] Scrapped in 1899.[7]
Victoria 1886[7] 1,042[7] Scrapped in 1904[7]
Wave 1863[7] 385[7] Scrapped in 1899[7]
Ships built for the SE&CR.
Ship Launched Tonnage (GRT) Notes
Biarritz 1914[8] 2,495[8] Scrapped in 1949 at Dover.[9]
Canterbury 1900[10] 561[10] Sold in 1926 to W E Guinness, renamed Arpha. Sold in 1938 to Sark Motorships Ltd. Requisitioned by the Royal Navy in 1939 as HMS Arpha. Sold in 1946 to Shell Caribbean Petroleum Ltd, renamed Coriano. Sold in 1951 to J M Perez Hernandez. Scrapped after 1955.[10]
Empress 1907[8] 1,689[8] Requisitioned by Royal Navy in 1914, sold to France in 1923. Scrapped at Dunkirk in 1933.[11]
Engadine 1911[8] 1,676[8] Requisitioned by Royal Navy in 1914, returned in 1920. Sold in 1933 to Philippines and renamed Corregidor. Struck a mine and sank on 17 December 1941.[12]
Invicta 1905[8] 1,680[8] Sold in 1923 to France. Scrapped in 1932.[13]
Mabel Grace 1899[6] 1,289[6] Scrapped in 1909.[6]
Maid of Orleans 1918[8] 2,384[8] Torpedoed on 28 June 1944 and sunk.[14]
Onward 1905[8] 1,671[8] Caught fire in 1918 at Folkestone and sank. Salvaged in 1920, sold to Isle of Man Steam Packet Company and rebuilt as Mona's Isle, the fourth IoMSPCo ship to carry that name. Scrapped in November 1948 at Milford Haven, Pembrokeshire.[15]
Riviera 1911[8] 1,674[8] Requisitioned by Royal Navy in 1914, returned in 1920. Sold in 1932 to Burns & Laird Lines Ltd, renamed Laird's Isle. Scrapped in October 1957 at Troon, Ayrshire.[16]
The Queen 1903[8] 1,676[8] Captured on 26 October 1916 by German destroyer S-60 and sunk.[17]
Victoria 1907[18] 1,689[8] Sold in 1928 to the IoMSPCo. Scrapped in January 1957 at Barrow in Furness.[18]
Other ships operated by the SE&CR
Ship Launched Tonnage
(displacement)
Notes
Gannet 1878 1,130 Used as an accommodation ship at Port Victoria in 1900-03.

References

Notes

  1. Awdry (1990), page 199
  2. Trevena, Arthur (1981). Trains in Trouble: Vol. 2. Redruth: Atlantic Books. p. 10. ISBN 0-906899-03-6.
  3. Trevena, Arthur (1980). Trains in Trouble. Vol. 1. Redruth: Atlantic Books. p. 18. ISBN 0-906899-01-X.
  4. 1 2 Earnshaw, Alan (1991). Trains in Trouble: Vol. 7. Penryn: Atlantic Books. pp. 12, 15. ISBN 0-906899-50-8.
  5. Earnshaw, Alan (1993). Trains in Trouble: Vol. 8. Penryn: Atlantic Books. pp. 8–9. ISBN 0-906899-52-4.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 "South Eastern Railway Company". The Ships List. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 "London, Chatham & Dover Railway Company". The Ships List. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 "South Eastern and Chatham Railway". Simplon Postcards. Retrieved 12 December 2009.
  9. "1136809". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 15 December 2009. (subscription required (help)).
  10. 1 2 3 "1112803". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 15 December 2009. (subscription required (help)).
  11. "1123846". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 15 December 2009. (subscription required (help)).
  12. "1132640". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 15 December 2009. (subscription required (help)).
  13. "1120560". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 15 December 2009. (subscription required (help)).
  14. "1142610". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 15 December 2009. (subscription required (help)).
  15. "1120522". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 15 December 2009. (subscription required (help)).
  16. "1132546". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 15 December 2009. (subscription required (help)).
  17. "1118293". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 15 December 2009. (subscription required (help)).
  18. 1 2 "1123811". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 15 December 2009. (subscription required (help)).

Sources

External links

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