South Rona

South Rona
Gaelic name  Rònaigh [1]
Norse name Hraun eyer
Meaning of name Norse for "rough islands"
Location
South Rona
South Rona shown within Scotland
OS grid reference NG619563
Physical geography
Island group Skye
Area 930 hectares (3.6 sq mi)
Area rank 52 [2]
Highest elevation Meall na h-Acarsaid 125 metres (410 ft)[3]
Political geography
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Country Scotland
Council area Highland
Demographics
Population 3[4]
Population rank 80= [2]
Population density 0.3 people/km2[4][5]
Largest settlement An Acarsaid Mhòr
References [5][6]

Rona (Scottish Gaelic: Rònaigh, pronounced [ˈrˠɔːnaj]), sometimes called South Rona to distinguish it from North Rona, is a small island in the Scottish Inner Hebrides. It lies between the Sound of Raasay and the Inner Sound just north of the neighbouring island of Raasay and east of the Trotternish peninsula of Skye. It has a total area of 930 hectares (3.6 sq mi).

Geography and geology

An outcrop of gneiss on Rona

Rona is an extension northward of the ridge of Raasay. Its geology is Lewisian gneiss and the glaciated landscape is underlain by some of the oldest rocks in western Europe.[5][7]

Writing in the early 18th century Martin Martin recorded that "this little isle is the most unequal rocky piece of ground to be seen anywhere: there is but very few acres fit for digging, the whole is covered with long heath, erica-baccifera, mertillus, and some mixture of grass; it is reckoned very fruitful in pasturage: most of the rocks consist of the hectic stone, and a considerable part of them is of a red colour."[8]

On the west side of the island is a secure and picturesque natural anchorage, An Acarsaid Mhór, protected by An t-Eilean Garbh. The writer Malcolm Slesser described it as "a delightful little fjord, and superb harbour for small boats. Pink felspar cliffs drop steeply into the water, and small lush woodland lends a touch of luxury."[9]

Other islets surrounding Rona include Na Gaimhnichean, Eilean na Seamraig, Garbh Eilean, Sgeirean Buidhe Borlum, and A' Sgeir Shuas. Eilean Tighe lies about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) away across the straits of An Caol Ronaigh at the centre of which is tiny Fraoich Eilean. The east coast is largely unindented and in addition to Acairseid Mhór the main bays are An Dubh-Chamus (black bay), An Acaarsaid Thioram (dry harbour) and Loch a' Bhràigheig on the west coast. There are several smaller bays in the north west including Port an Fhearainn, (port of the land), Òb nam Feusgan (bay of the mussel), Port na Bà Brice (port of the speckled cow) and Òb an Deallaire (bay of the loiterer).[3][10] The highest point on the island is Meall na h-Acarseid, which reaches 125 metres (410 ft). Sgàth a' Bhannaich and Beinn na h-Iolaire (hill of the eagle) are further north and are over 100 metres (330 ft) high.

History

Map of Skye and environs showing Rona

Prehistory

Rona's name is believed to be of Old Norse origin, from Hraun-eyer meaning "rough islands" and probably reflects a Viking settlement.[11] The Gaelic name Rònaigh has a similar meaning.[1]

Early historic period

There are the ruins of a small 14th century chapel at the south end of the island at An Teampull. The structure, probably a monk's cell, is enclosed by a wall within which is the island's only gravestone.[12] In the 16th century Rona became a refuge for pirates who made a base at An Acarsaid Mhor, then known as Port nan Robairean - "port of the robbers". Murray (1973) presumes that they confined their attacks to foreign vessels as they seem to have been tolerated by the local clan chiefs.[13] One such pirate chief is said to have been Calum Garbh MacLeod, son of a chief of Clan Macleod of Lewis who based himself at Brochail Castle on Raasay in 1518 and used Rona as raiding base.[14]

Writing in 1549, Dean Monro stated: "At the north end of Raarsay, be half myle of sea frae it, layes ane ile callit Ronay, mair then a myle in lengthe, full of wood and heddir, with ane havin for heiland galeys in the middis of it, and the same havein is guyed for fostering of theives, ruggairs, and reivairs, till a nail, upon the peilling and spulzeing of poure pepill. This ile perteins to M.’ Gillychallan of Raarsay by force, and to the bishope of the iles be heritage".[15]

Modern era

Clan MacLeod held the island until the middle of the 19th century. In 1763 the Laird of Raasay is recorded as having kept a cowhand and 160 cattle on the island and in 1787 MacLeod of Raasay explored the opportunities for commercial fishing on the island. He wrote to the Duke of Argyll, then Governor of the British Fisheries Society stating that Rona was:

...one of the most advantageous places on this coast for a fishing station. It is surrounded with numbers of banks which are daily discovered by the country people who come to fish from the mainland, which makes me think there is an inexhaustible fund of them about the island. It is likewise supplied with the best harbours at every creek, both for large vessels and small boats.[5]

However his support for the Jacobite cause worked against him and nothing was done. In 1843 Rona and Raasay were sold to George Rainy who began clearing the native population of the latter to make way for sheep.[5]

Year 1841 1851 1861 1881 1891 1922 1931 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Population 165 115 147 176 181 14 families 16 3 3 0 23

After the first phase of clearances the population of Rona rose steadily to over 180, the main settlements being at Doire na Guaileadhin the south, An Acarsaid Mhór and An Acarsaid Thioram. Many of the residents were crofting families who had themselves been cleared from more fertile land on Raasay. In May 1921, a group of crofters from Rona landed on Raasay and attempted to re-occupy their ancestral land. These so-called "Raasay Raiders" were arrested, tried and given jail sentences, but public support for them was strong and they were eventually freed and allowed to remain on Raasay. This led in 1922 to the acquisition of both Rona and Raasay from their private landlord by the British Government. After this, the population of Rona fell sharply, as most of the island's inhabitants followed the Raiders to settle on Raasay. In 1943 the last crofting family left and the island had become uninhabited, with the exception of the lighthouse keepers who lived at its north end until the lighthouse was automated in 1975.[5]

On the east side of the island is a cave that was used for Sunday worship until the church was built in 1912. It continued to be used sporadically until 1970.[5] The Gaelic name of the cave is "Uamha an Fhuaimhar". Translated as the "cave of the giant".[16] Thomas C Lethbridge gives a good description of the cave as it appeared in 1950, still with its stone seats and with the altar at the mouth of the cave.[17]

In 1992 Rona was acquired from the government by a Danish owner, who restored Rona Lodge at An Acarsaid Mhór, and built a new landing jetty. Rona currently has two permanent residents, the island manager and his wife, who live at Rona Lodge (where B&B and bunkhouse accommodation are available), and who also manages the self-catering cottages at An Acarsaid Thioram. Transport to the island is by private charter from Portree.[5][18][19] 57.5 hectares (142 acres) at the north end of the island remain in the hands of the Ministry of Defence.[5]

Stamps

Local stamps have been issued for Rona since 2003. The stamps serve visitors to the island who wished to have their mail posted there, and carried to the nearest GPO post box on the mainland.[20][21]

Wildlife

Writing in the 1960s, Fraser Darling and Boyd recorded a herd of feral goats on the island and an absence of mice and voles.[22] The goats have now gone but Red Deer were introduced to the island in 1993[23] and a fold of Highland cattle from North Uist followed in 1996.[24] Over 300 species of plant have been recorded and in the absence of sheep the native woodland is regenerating.[5][23]

Footnotes

  1. 1 2 Mac an Tàilleir, Iain (2003) Ainmean-àite/Placenames. (pdf) Pàrlamaid na h-Alba. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
  2. 1 2 Area and population ranks: there are c. 300 islands >20ha in extent and 93 permanently inhabited islands were listed in the 2011 census.
  3. 1 2 "Get-a-Map". Ordnance Survey. Retrieved 29 November 2009.
  4. 1 2 National Records of Scotland (15 August 2013) (pdf) Statistical Bulletin: 2011 Census: First Results on Population and Household Estimates for Scotland - Release 1C (Part Two). "Appendix 2: Population and households on Scotland’s inhabited islands". Retrieved 17 August 2013.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Haswell-Smith (2004) pp. 168-73
  6. ↑ Anderson, Joseph (Ed.) (1893) Orkneyinga Saga. Translated by Jón A. Hjaltalin & Gilbert Goudie. Edinburgh. James Thin and Mercat Press (1990 reprint). ISBN 0-901824-25-9
  7. ↑ Murray (1973) p. 44
  8. ↑ Martin (1703)
  9. ↑ Slesser (1970) p. 191
  10. ↑ MacLeod (2002) pp. 263-65
  11. ↑ Watson (1994) p. 309
  12. ↑ "Isle of Rona History" isleofrona.com. Retrieved 13 December 2009.
  13. ↑ Murray (1973) p. 200
  14. ↑ Vallar, Cindy "Scottish Pirates" cindyvallar.com. Retrieved 20 December 2009.
  15. ↑ Monro (1549) "Ronay" no. 113. Translation from Scots: "At the north end of Raasay, separated from it by half a mile of sea, lies an isle called Ronay, which is more than a mile in length, full of wood and heather, with a haven for highland galleys in the midst of it. This same haven is good for fostering of thieves, robbers, and reivers, who wait upon the plundering and pillaging of poor people. This isle is held by MacGilleChaluim of Raasay by force, and to the Bishop of the Isles by heritage."
  16. ↑ Gogmagog.The Buried Gods, T C Lethbridge, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1957 p18 quoting John M Robertson
  17. ↑ Lethbridge (1957)pp 17-19
  18. ↑ "holidays" isleofrona.com. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
  19. ↑ "getting here" isleofrona.com. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
  20. ↑ "Modern British Local Posts CD Catalogue, 2009 Edition". Phillips. 2003. Retrieved 8 December 2008.
  21. ↑ "Stamp Issue Rona 2003". www.pabay.org. Retrieved 8 December 2008.
  22. ↑ Fraser Darling & Boyd (1969) pp. 74-75, 234
  23. 1 2 "Nature" isleofrona.com. Retrieved 21 December 2009.
  24. ↑ "Rona Highland Cattle Fold" isleofrona.com. Retrieved 13 December 2009.

References

External links

Coordinates: 57°32′4″N 5°58′43″W / 57.53444°N 5.97861°W / 57.53444; -5.97861

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