South Vietnamese đồng
| South Vietnamese đồng | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| đồng Việt Nam Cộng Hòa (Vietnamese) | |||||
| |||||
| Central bank | National Bank of Vietnam | ||||
| User(s) |
 South Vietnam | ||||
| Subunit | |||||
| 1/100 | xu or su | ||||
| Symbol | Đ. | ||||
| Coins | 10, 20, 50 xu,[1] 1, 5, 10, 20 đồng | ||||
| Banknotes | 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 đồng | ||||
|
This infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete. | |||||
The đồng (銅) was the currency of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) from 1953 to May 2, 1978. It was subdivided into 100 xu, also written su.
First đồng, 1953-1975
History
In 1953, the Vietnam branch of the Institut d'Emission des Etats du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam issued notes dual denominated in piastre and đồng. At the same time, the two other branches of the Bank made similar issues with the riel in Cambodia and the kip in Laos. The đồng circulated in those parts of Vietnam not under the control of the Communist forces, which by 1954 coincided with South Vietnam. Coins denominated in su were also introduced in 1953. In 1955, a truly independent issue of đồng banknotes was produced by the National Bank of Vietnam.
Coins
In 1953, 10, 20 and 50 su coins were introduced. In 1960, 1 đồng were added, followed by 10 đồng in 1964, 5 đồng in 1966 and 20 đồng in 1968. 50 đồng were minted dated 1975 but they were never shipped to Vietnam due to the fall of the South Vietnamese government. It is reported that all but a few examples were "disposed of as scrap metal"[2] and the coin is very rare.
The coins issued can be roughly classified into five series:
| First series | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | Diameter | Composition | Obverse | Reverse | Minted Year |
| 10 su | 23 mm | Aluminium | Three women, "Quốc gia Việt Nam" (State of Vietnam) | Rice plant, "Việt Nam" | 1953 |
| 20 su | 27 mm | ||||
| 50 xu | 31 mm | Two dragons, "Việt Nam" | |||
| Second series | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | Diameter | Composition | Obverse | Reverse | Minted Year |
| 50 su | 31 mm | Aluminium | Ngo Dinh Diem, "Việt Nam Cộng Hòa" (Republic of Vietnam) | Bamboo | 1960 |
| 1 đồng | 23 mm | Cupronickel | |||
| Third series | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | Diameter | Composition | Obverse | Reverse | Minted Year |
| 50 xu | 30 mm | Aluminium | Ngo Dinh Diem, "Việt Nam Cộng Hòa" (Republic of Vietnam) | Bamboo | 1963 |
| 1 đồng | 23 mm | Cupronickel | "Việt Nam Cộng Hòa", value | Rice plant | 1964 |
| 5 đồng | 25 mm (longest) Scalloped shape | Rice plant, "Ngân Hàng Quốc gia Việt Nam" (National Bank of Vietnam) | 1966 | ||
| 10 đồng | 26 mm | Rice plant | 1964 | ||
| Fourth series | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | Diameter | Composition | Obverse | Reverse | Minted Year |
| 1 đồng | 23 mm | Nickel plated steel | "Việt Nam Cộng Hòa", value | Rice plant | 1971 |
| 5 đồng | 25 mm (longest) Scalloped shape | Rice plant, "Ngân Hàng Quốc gia Việt Nam" (National Bank of Vietnam) | |||
| 10 đồng | 26 mm | Rice plant | 1968, 70 | ||
| 20 đồng | 30 mm (longest) Dodecagon | Farmer, "Ngân Hàng Quốc gia Việt Nam" | 1968 | ||
| Fifth (F.A.O.) series | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | Diameter | Composition | Obverse | Reverse | Minted Year |
| 1 đồng | 23 mm | Aluminium | "Việt Nam Cộng Hòa", value | Rice plant, Programme slogan | 1971 |
| 10 đồng | 26 mm | Brass plated steel | State title and bank title, value | Farmers, Programme slogan | 1974 |
| 20 đồng | 30 mm (longest) Dodecagon | Nickel plated steel | "Việt Nam Cộng Hòa", value | Farmer, Programme slogan | 1968 |
| 50 đồng | 25 mm | State title and bank title, value | Farmers, Programme slogan | 1975 | |
Banknotes
In 1953, notes (dated 1952) were introduced by the Institut d'Emission des Etats du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 100 and 200 đồng. On 22 September 1955, the Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs announced that notes from the Bank of Indochina and the Institut d’Emission issues for Cambodia and Laos would be exchanged for Institut d’Emission issues for Vietnam starting 30 September until 7 November. The Institut issues for Cambodia and Laos ceased to be legal tender on 7 October, and all Bank of Indochina notes lost their legal tender status on 31 October following the 15 October introduction of the first notes from the National Bank of Vietnam.[3] Subsequently, the Ngân-Hàng Quốc-Gia Việt-Nam (National Bank of Vietnam) took over the issuance of paper money, introducing 2 and 500 đồng notes in 1955 and 20 and 50 đồng in 1956. Between 1964 and 1968, notes below 50 đồng were replaced by coins. In 1971, 1000 đồng notes were introduced. Due to steady inflation, 5000 and 10,000 đồng notes were printed in 1975 but not issued due to the communist victory.
| Dates | Denominations |
|---|---|
| 1952–1953 | 1, 5, 10, 100, 200 đồng |
| 1955–1958 | 1, 5, 10, 20, 100, 200, 500 đồng |
| 1955–1962 | 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 200 đồng |
| 1962–1966 | 1, 20, 50, 100, 500 đồng |
| 1966 | 100, 200, 500 đồng |
| 1969–1971 | 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 đồng |
| 1972 | 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 đồng |
Second (Liberation) đồng, 1975-1978
Following the defeat of South Vietnam by the troops of the North Vietnamese-backed Republic of South Vietnam, the first đồng was replaced by a new currency, known as the "liberation đồng", at a rate of 1 liberation đồng = 500 first đồng on September 22, 1975. The liberation đồng circulated until May 2, 1978, when the two Vietnamese currencies merged and the liberation đồng was replaced by the new Vietnamese đồng at a rate of 1 new đồng = 0.8 liberation đồng.
Coins
Coins were issued in denominations of 1, 2 and 5 xu. All were holed coins struck in aluminium and were issued in the name of the Ngân-Hàng Việt-Nam (Bank of Vietnam). The 2 xu coin was dated 1975. The 1 and 5 xu were not dated but Krause & Mishler date them to 1976.
Banknotes
The Ngân-Hàng Việt-Nam (Bank of Vietnam) issued notes in denominations of 10, 20 and 50 xu, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 50 đồng. The notes were dated 1966.
See also
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Money of South Vietnam. |
References
- ↑ http://art-hanoi.com/collection/vncoins/1975.html Art-Hanoi.com issue for South Vietnam. Retrieved 2008-03-17.
- ↑ Krause, Chester L., and Clifford Mishler (1991). Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1801–1991 (18th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0873411501.
- ↑ Linzmayer, Owen (2012). "South Vietnam". The Banknote Book. San Francisco, CA: www.BanknoteNews.com.
- Pick, Albert (1994). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: General Issues. Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors) (7th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-207-9.
- Pick, Albert (1996). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: General Issues to 1960. Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors) (8th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-469-1.
External links
- Collection Banknotes of Vietnam and the World
- Art-Hanoi - Coins of South Vietnam
- Art-Hanoi - Paper Money of South Vietnam
- Saigon Black Market Exchange Rates 1955-1975
| Preceded by: French Indochinese piastre Location: French Indochina Reason: independence Ratio: at par Note: piastre not used in self-declared North Vietnam since 1946 |
Currency of South Vietnam 1953 – 1975 Note: transitional notes dual denominated in piastre and đồng were used until 1955 |
Succeeded by: Liberation đồng Reason: capture of Saigon Ratio: 1 liberation đồng = 500 South đồng |
| Preceded by: South Vietnamese đồng Reason: capture of Saigon Ratio: 1 liberation đồng = 500 South đồng |
Currency of South Vietnam 1975 – 1978 |
Succeeded by: Vietnamese đồng Location: Vietnam Reason: currency unification Ratio: 1 new đồng = 0.8 liberation đồng |