Sovetskaya Gavan
| Sovetskaya Gavan (English) Советская Гавань (Russian) | |
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| - Town[1] - | |
 Sovetskaya Gavan Administration building | |
.svg.png) Location of Khabarovsk Krai in Russia | |
  Sovetskaya Gavan | |
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| Administrative status (as of September 2011) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Khabarovsk Krai[1] |
| Administratively subordinated to | town of krai significance of Sovetskaya Gavan[1] |
| Administrative center of | town of krai significance of Sovetskaya Gavan,[2] Sovetsko-Gavansky District[2] |
| Municipal status (as of October 2010) | |
| Municipal district | Sovetsko-Gavansky Municipal District[3] |
| Urban settlement | Sovetskaya Gavan Urban Settlement[3] |
| Administrative center of | Sovetsko-Gavansky Municipal District,[4] Sovetskaya Gavan Urban Settlement |
| Head | Pavel Borovsky |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2010 Census) | 27,712 inhabitants[5] |
| Time zone | VLAT (UTC+10:00)[6] |
| Founded | August 4, 1853 |
| Town status since | 1941 |
| Previous names | Imperatorskaya Gavan (until 1922) |
| Postal code(s)[7] | 682880 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 42138 |
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| Sovetskaya Gavan on Wikimedia Commons | |
Sovetskaya Gavan (Russian: Сове́тская Га́вань, lit. Soviet harbor) is a town in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, and a port on the Strait of Tartary which connects the Sea of Okhotsk in the north with the Sea of Japan in the south. Population: 27,712 (2010 Census);[5] 30,480 (2002 Census);[8] 34,915 (1989 Census).[9]
Name
The name of the town is often informally abbreviated to "Sovgavan" (Совгавань).
History
On May 23, 1853, Lt. Nikolay Konstantinovich Boshnyak of the Russian-American Company ship Nikolay discovered the bay on which Sovetskaya Gavan is located and named it Khadzhi Bay. On August 4, 1853, Captain Gennady Nevelskoy founded a military post named after Admiral Grand Duke Konstantin, and renamed the bay to Imperatorskaya Gavan ('Emperor's Harbor'), after the then reigning Emperor Nicholas I. Nikolay Boshnyak was appointed the commander of the post, which became the first Russian settlement in the area, and the predecessor of today's Sovetskaya Gavan.[10]
After the abandonment of the military post before 1900, the area became a center for timber production, including concessions to companies from other countries such as Canada.
The bay and the settlement were renamed Sovetskaya Gavan in 1922.
During World War II, construction was begun on a railway from the right bank of the Amur River near Komsomolsk-on-Amur to the Pacific coast, with Sovetskaya Gavan chosen as the endpoint. Sovetskaya Gavan was granted town status in 1941; the railway reached the town in 1945. This section of railway was the first section to be completed of what would later become the Baikal-Amur Mainline.
From 1950 until 1954, the town was the site of the prison camp Ulminlag of the gulag system.
In 1958, the town's northern neighborhood, on the Vanino Bay, was separated into a separate urban-type settlement of Vanino.
In 1963-1964, six sounding rockets of "Kosmos 2"-type were launched. They reached the height of 402 kilometers (250 mi).[11]
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Sovetskaya Gavan serves as the administrative center of Sovetsko-Gavansky District[2] even though it is not a part of it.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the town of krai significance of Sovetskaya Gavan—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the town of krai significance of Sovetskaya Gavan is incorporated within Sovetsko-Gavansky Municipal District as Sovetskaya Gavan Urban Settlement.[3]
Economy
Sovetskaya Gavan's economy is largely dependent on the harbor and related activities; the town has a deep water port for cargo and fishing vessels, as well as ship repair facilities. There is also some foodstuffs production, such as fish processing.
Transportation
In 1973, a rail ferry link to the island Sakhalin was opened, joining the mainland at Vanino, 30 kilometers (19 mi) north of Sovetskaya Gavan. Whilst this diminished Sovetskaya Gavan's importance as a trading port, until the 1990s it remained an important supply harbor for the Russian Pacific Fleet.
Sovetskaya Gavan is connected by rail with Komsomolsk-on-Amur, the section of line being the most easterly section of the Baikal-Amur Mainline.
The town is served by Kamenny Ruchey naval airfield (also known as Mongokhto) as well as the Maygatka Airport.
Sister city
Climate
Sovetskaya Gavan has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb).
| Climate data for Sovetskaya Gavan | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 0.1 (32.2) |
7.2 (45) |
18.9 (66) |
24.3 (75.7) |
31.0 (87.8) |
35.6 (96.1) |
33.7 (92.7) |
35.0 (95) |
30.2 (86.4) |
27.2 (81) |
17.8 (64) |
13.0 (55.4) |
35.6 (96.1) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −11.4 (11.5) |
−8.6 (16.5) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
5.6 (42.1) |
12.0 (53.6) |
17.2 (63) |
20.5 (68.9) |
21.9 (71.4) |
17.9 (64.2) |
10.0 (50) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
−8.8 (16.2) |
5.7 (42.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −16.6 (2.1) |
−14.3 (6.3) |
−7.2 (19) |
0.9 (33.6) |
6.3 (43.3) |
11.0 (51.8) |
14.9 (58.8) |
16.7 (62.1) |
12.4 (54.3) |
4.6 (40.3) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
−13.6 (7.5) |
0.4 (32.7) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −21.9 (−7.4) |
−20.5 (−4.9) |
−13.4 (7.9) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
1.7 (35.1) |
6.1 (43) |
10.5 (50.9) |
12.2 (54) |
7.1 (44.8) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
−11.1 (12) |
−18.6 (−1.5) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −36.1 (−33) |
−34.2 (−29.6) |
−27.8 (−18) |
−17.2 (1) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
−1.1 (30) |
1.0 (33.8) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−10.0 (14) |
−19.0 (−2.2) |
−24.0 (−11.2) |
−36.1 (−33) |
−36.1 (−33) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 23.3 (0.917) |
30.8 (1.213) |
32.7 (1.287) |
39.7 (1.563) |
64.0 (2.52) |
78.5 (3.091) |
91.5 (3.602) |
107.6 (4.236) |
98.5 (3.878) |
63.8 (2.512) |
42.2 (1.661) |
32.8 (1.291) |
705.4 (27.772) |
| Average precipitation days | 13 | 9 | 12 | 12 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 17 | 14 | 10 | 12 | 16 | 159 |
| Source: | |||||||||||||
References
Notes
- 1 2 3 4 5 Resolution #143-pr, Article 3
- 1 2 3 Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 08 242», в ред. изменения №259/2014 от 12 декабря 2014 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 08 242, as amended by the Amendment #259/2014 of December 12, 2014. ).
- 1 2 3 Law #191
- ↑ Law #264
- 1 2 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
- ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №248-ФЗ от 21 июля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
- ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
- ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
- ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
- ↑ Герб города Советская Гавань (The Coat of Arms of the Town of Sovetskaya Gavan) (Russian)
- ↑
Sources
- Правительство Хабаровского края. Постановление №143-пр от 18 июля 2007 г. «Об утверждении реестра административно-территориальных и территориальных единиц Хабаровского края», в ред. Постановления №273-пр от 28 августа 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Постановление Правительства Хабаровского края от 18 июля 2007 г. №143-пр "Об утверждении реестра административно-территориальных и территориальных единиц Хабаровского края"». Вступил в силу 13 августа 2007 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства Хабаровского края", №7(60), 12 августа 2007 г. (Government of Khabarovsk Krai. Resolution #143-pr of July 18, 2007 On the Adoption of the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial and Territorial Units of Khabarovsk Krai, as amended by the Resolution #273-pr of August 28, 2015 On Amending the Resolution #143-pr of the Government of Khabarovsk Krai of July 18, 2007 "On the Adoption of the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial and Territorial Units of Khabarovsk Krai". Effective as of August 13, 2007.).
- Законодательная Дума Хабаровского края. Закон №191 от 30 июня 2004 г. «О наделении административных центров районов статусом городского, сельского поселения и об установлении их границ», в ред. Закона №172 от 29 февраля 2012 г. «Об упразднении сельского населённого пункта посёлок Фестивальный, находящегося на территории Солнечного района Хабаровского края, и о внесении изменений в отдельные Законы Хабаровского края». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Приамурские ведомости", №№126–127, 15 июля 2004 г. (Legislative Duma of Khabarovsk Krai. Law #191 of June 30, 2004 On Granting the Administrative Centers of the Districts the Status of Urban, Rural Settlements and on Establishing Their Borders, as amended by the Law #172 of February 29, 2012 On the Abolition of the Rural Locality of the Settlement of Festivalny on the Territory of Solnechny District of Khabarovsk Krai and on Amending Various Laws of Khabarovsk Krai. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- Законодательная Дума Хабаровского края. Закон №264 от 14 марта 2005 г «Об административных центрах сельских поселений и муниципальных районов Хабаровского края», в ред. Закона №239 от 28 ноября 2012 г. «О преобразовании городского населённого пункта рабочий посёлок Тырма, находящегося на территории Верхнебуреинского района Хабаровского края, путём изменения его статуса в сельский населённый пункт — посёлок Тырма и о внесении изменений в отдельные Законы Хабаровского края». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Приамурские ведомости", №57, 1 апреля 2005 г. (Legislative Duma of Khabarovsk Krai. Law #264 of March 14, 2005 On the Administrative Centers of the Rural Settlements and the Municipal Districts of Khabarovsk Krai, as amended by the Law #239 of November 28, 2012 On the Transformation of the Urban Locality the Work Settlement of Tyrma, Located on the Territory of Verkhnebureinsky District of Khabarovsk Krai, by Changing Its Status to That of a Rural Locality—the Settlement of Tyrma, and on Amending Various Laws of Khabarovsk Krai. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
External links
- Official website of Sovetskaya Gavan (Russian)
- The portal of the city of Sovetskaya Gavan (Russian)
- Unofficial website of Sovetskaya Gavan (Russian)
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