Sphagneticola trilobata

Sphagneticola trilobata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Sphagneticola
Species: S. trilobata
Binomial name
Sphagneticola trilobata
(L.) Pruski[1]
Synonyms

Complaya trilobata (L.) Strother
Silphium trilobatum L.
Thelechitonia trilobata (L.) H.Rob. & Cuatrec.
Wedelia carnosa Rich.[1]
Wedelia paludosa DC.
Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc.[2]

Sphagneticola trilobata, commonly known as the Bay Biscayne creeping-oxeye,[3] Singapore daisy, creeping-oxeye, trailing daisy, and wedelia,[4][5] is a plant in the Heliantheae tribe of the Asteraceae (sunflower) family. It is native to Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, but now grows throughout the Neotropics. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental groundcover.[6]

Description

Spreading, mat-forming perennial herb up to 30 cm in height. Has rounded stems up to 40 cm long, rooting at nodes and with the flowering stems ascending. Leaves are fleshy, hairy, 4–9 cm long and 2–5 cm wide, serrate or irregularly toothed, normally with pairs of lateral lobes, and dark green above and lighter green below. Peduncles are 3–10 cm long; involucres are campanulate to hemispherical, about 1 cm high; chaffy bracts are lanceolate, rigid. The flowers are bright yellow ray florets of about 8-13 per head, rays are 6–15 mm long; disk-corollas 4–5 mm long. The pappus is a crown of short fimbriate scales. The seeds are tuberculate achenes, 4–5 mm long. Propagation is mostly vegetatively as seeds are usually not fertile.[7]

Habitat

It has a very wide ecological tolerance range, but grows best in sunny areas with well-drained, moist soil at low elevations.[8]

Invasive Species

Sphagneticola trilobata is listed in the IUCN's “List of the world's 100 worst invasive species”.[9] It is spread by people as an ornamental or groundcover that is planted in gardens, and then it is spread into surrounding areas by dumping of garden waste. It spreads vegetatively, not by seed. It rapidly forms a dense ground cover, crowding away and preventing other plant species from regenerating. This species is widely available as an ornamental and is therefore likely to spread further.

It is a noxious weed in agricultural land, along roadsides urban waste places and other disturbed sites. It is also invasive along streams, canals, along the borders of mangrove swamps and in coastal vegetation.

It is widespread as an invasive species on the Pacific Islands, Hong Kong, South Africa, Australia, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka. [10]

Gallery

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Taxon: Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2000-11-28. Retrieved 2011-02-16.
  2. ↑ "Sphagneticola trilobata (herb)". Global Invasive Species Database. Invasive Species Specialist Group. 2007-05-31. Retrieved 2010-06-07.
  3. ↑ "Sphagneticola trilobata". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
  4. ↑ ”Sphagneticola trilobata” , Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) website, http://www.hear.org/pier/species/sphagneticola_trilobata.htm
  5. ↑ "Sphagneticola trilobata". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2011-02-16.
  6. ↑ ”Sphagneticola trilobata (herb)”, Global Invasive Species Database website, at http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=44
  7. ↑ ”Sphagneticola trilobata” , Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) website, http://www.hear.org/pier/species/sphagneticola_trilobata.htm Lalith Gunasekera, Invasive Plants: A guide to the identification of the most invasive plants of Sri Lanka, Colombo 2009, p. 117–118.
  8. ↑ ”Sphagneticola trilobata (herb)”, Global Invasive Species Database, at ” Sphagneticola trilobata (wedelia)” Invasive Species Compendium website, at http://www.cabi.org/isc/?compid=5&dsid=56714&loadmodule=datasheet&page=481&site=144
  9. ↑ http://calendar.k-state.edu/withlab/consbiol/IUCN_invaders.pdf
  10. ↑ ”Sphagneticola trilobata” , Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) website, http://www.hear.org/pier/species/sphagneticola_trilobata.htm ”Sphagneticola trilobata (herb)”, Global Invasive Species Database website, at http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=44 ”Singapore daisy”, Invasive Species South Africa website, at http://www.invasives.org.za/invasive-species/item/345-singapore-daisy-sphagneticola-trilobata.html Lalith Gunasekera, Invasive Plants: A guide to the identification of the most invasive plants of Sri Lanka, Colombo 2009, p. 117–118. ” Sphagneticola trilobata (wedelia)” Invasive Species Compendium website, at http://www.cabi.org/isc/?compid=5&dsid=56714&loadmodule=datasheet&page=481&site=144

Further reading

External links

Media related to Sphagneticola trilobata at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Sphagneticola trilobata at Wikispecies

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