Northern puffer
| Northern puffer | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Tetraodontiformes |
| Family: | Tetraodontidae |
| Genus: | Sphoeroides |
| Species: | S. maculatus |
| Binomial name | |
| Sphoeroides maculatus (Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801) | |
Northern puffer, Sphoeroides maculatus, is a species in the family Tetraodontidae, or pufferfishes, found along the Atlantic coast of North America.[2] Unlike many other pufferfish species, the flesh of the northern puffer is not poisonous (its viscera can contain poison).[1][2] They are commonly called sugar toads in the Chesapeake Bay region, where they are eaten as a delicacy.[3]
Description
The northern puffer is a club-shaped fish with a gray, brown or olive back and a yellow or white belly.[4]
Adults have small spines covering the entire body with a tiny beak-like mouth. Its color is poorly defined black/dark green spots and saddles and a yellow to white belly. It has tiny jet-black pepper spots (about 1 mm in diameter) scattered over most of pigmented surface, particularly evident on cheeks. Lower sides of the body have a row of black, elongate, bar-like markings. A small dorsal fin is set far back near the tail. Sphoeroides maculatus, like others in the puffer family, "puffs up" into a ball in self-defense by inhaling air or water into a special chamber near its stomach. The northern puffer reaches up to 36 cm (1 ft 2 in) in length, but is usually around 20 cm (8 in).[2]
Habitat
The northern puffer inhabits bays, estuaries and protected coastal waters at depths of 10–183 m (33–600 ft) in the northwest Atlantic.[2] It ranges from Florida (USA) to Newfoundland (Canada).[2]
Diet
The northern puffer feeds primarily on shellfish, and occasionally on finfish. Using its beak-like mouth it can extract shellfish from their shells and sometimes break the shells to obtain a meal.
Life cycle
Little is known about the life cycle of the northern puffer. They spawn from May through August in shallow, nearshore waters. The female lays adhesive eggs that attach to the sandy or muddy bottom, and the male guards the eggs until they hatch.[4]
References
- 1 2 Shao, K., Liu, M., Hardy, G., Jing, L., Leis, J.L. & Matsuura, K. (2014). "Sphoeroides maculatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2008). "Sphoeroides maculatus" in FishBase. June 2008 version.
- ↑ McClane, A.J. (1977). The Encyclopedia of Fish Cookery. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. pp. 511 (p. 249). ISBN 9780030154317.
- 1 2 Chesapeake Bay Program
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