Spiral bacteria

Campylobacter jejuni is a spiral shaped bacterium.

Spiral bacteria form the third major morphological category of prokaryotes, along with the rod-shaped bacilli and spherical cocci.^[1]^[2] Spiral bacteria can be sub-classified based on the number of twists per cell, cell thickness, cell flexibility, and motility.

Spirillum

Spirillum (plural spirilla) refers to rigid spiral bacteria that are Gram-negative and frequently amphitrichous or lophotrichous. Examples include:

Members of the genus Spirillum.
Campylobacter jejuni, a foodborne pathogen that causes campylobacteriosis.
Helicobacter pylori, a cause of peptic ulcers which are the strongest known factor to increase the risk of gastric cancer

Spirochete

Spirochete (plural spirochetes) refers to very thin, elongate, flexible, spiral bacteria that are motile via endoflagella. Owing to their morphological properties, spirochetes are difficult to Gram-stain but may be visualized using dark field microscopy or Warthin–Starry stain.^[3] Examples include:

Members of the family Spirochaetes.
Leptospira species, which cause leptospirosis.
Borrelia burgdorferi, a tick-borne bacterium that causes Lyme disease.
Treponema pallidum, subspecies of which cause treponematoses, including syphilis.

Vibrio

Vibrio (plural vibrios) refers to Gram-negative, comma-shaped rods with a partial twist. One notable example includes:

Vibrio cholerae, a marine bacterium that causes cholera.

References

↑ Csuros, Maria; Csuros, Csaba (1999). Microbiological Examination of Water and Wastewater. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 16–17. ISBN 9781566701792.
↑ Young, Kevin D. (September 2006). "The Selective Value of Bacterial Shape". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 70 (3): 660–703. doi:10.1128/MMBR.00001-06. PMC 1594593. PMID 16959965. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
↑ Humphrey, Peter A.; Dehner, Louis P.; Pfeifer, John D., eds. (2008). "Chapter 53: Histology and histochemical stains". The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 680. ISBN 9780781765275.

Microbiology: Bacteria

Pathogenic
bacteria

Human flora

Substrate
preference

Oxygen
preference

Structures

Cell envelope	Cell membrane Cell wall: Peptidoglycan NAM NAG DAP Gram-positive bacteria only: Teichoic acid Lipoteichoic acid Endospore Gram-negative bacteria only: Bacterial outer membrane Porin Lipopolysaccharide Periplasmic space Mycobacteria only: Arabinogalactan Mycolic acid

Outside envelope	Bacterial capsule Slime layer S-layer Glycocalyx Pilus Fimbria

Composite	Biofilm

Shapes

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