Spirifer

Spirifer Temporal range: Sandbian - Wordian PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
↑Spirifer perlamellosus, 19mm - pedunculate valve ↓Spirifer striatus: exterior, and interior with lophophore
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Brachiopoda
Class:	Rhynchonellata
(unranked):	Spiriferida
Family:	Spiriferidae
Genus:	Spirifer Sowerby, 1818

Spirifer is a genus of marine brachiopods belonging to the order Spiriferida family Spiriferidae. Species belonging to the genus occurred from the Middle Ordovician (Sandbian) through to the Middle Permian (Wordian). They were stationary epifaunal suspension feeders.^[1]

Selected species

Spirifer acutiplicatus Hayasaka, 1933 Spirifer bambadhurensis Diener, 1903 Spirifer baschkirica Tschernyschew, 1902 Spirifer battu Gemmellaro, 1899 Spirifer byrangi Chernyak, 1963 Spirifer carnicus Schellwien, 1892 Spirifer concentricus Lee and Su, 1980 Spirifer distefanii Gemmellaro, 1899 Spirifer dvinaensis Licharew, 1927 Spirifer enderlei Tschernyschew, 1902 Spirifer engelgardthi Chernyak, 1963 Spirifer fritschi Schellwien, 1892 Spirifer holodnensis Chernyak, 1963 Spirifer lirellus Cvancara, 1958 Spirifer malistanensis Plodowski, 1968 Spirifer muensteri Suess, 1854 Spirifer opimus Hall, 1858 Spirifer pentagonoides Plodowski, 1968 Spirifer pentlandi d'Orbigny, 1842 Spirifer perlamellosus Hall, 1857

Spirifer piassinaensis Chernyak, 1963 Spirifer postventricosus Tschernyschew, 1902 Spirifer pseudotasmaniensis Einor, 1939 Spirifer rakuszi Einor, 1946 Spirifer rockymontanus Marcou, 1858 Spirifer schellwieni Tschernyschew, 1902 Spirifer siculus Gemmellaro, 1899 Spirifer spitiensis Stoliczka, 1865 Spirifer strangwaysi De Verneuil, 1845 Spirifer striatus Martin, 1809 Spirifer subgrandiformis Plodowski, 1968 Spirifer subtrigonalis Gemmellaro, 1899 Spirifer supracarbonicus Tschernyschew, 1902 Spirifer supramosquensis Nikitin, 1890 Spirifer tareiaensis Einor, 1939 Spirifer tegulatus Trautschold, 1876 Spirifer undata Reed, 1944 Spirifer uralicus Tschernyschew, 1902 Spirifer zitteli Schellwien, 1892

Reassigned species

As Spirifer has been described early on, since then, many species have been reassigned.^[2][3][4]

• S. archiaciformis = Sinospirifer subextensus
• S. bisulcatus = Angiospirifer bisulcatus
• S. chinensis mut. α = Sinospirifer subextensus
• S. gortanioides = Plicapustula gortanioides
• S. hayasakai = Lamarckispirifer hayasakai
• S. heterosinosus = Sinospirifer subextensus
• S. martellii = Plicapustula martellii
• S. pekinensis = Plicapustula pekinensis
• S. pellizzarii = Sinospirifer subextensus
• S. pellizzariformis = Sinospirifer subextensus
• S. pinguis = Latibrachythyris pinguis
• S. rotundatus = Latibrachythyris rotundatus
• S. subhayasakai = Sinospirifer subextensus
• S. verneuili = Cyrtospirifer verneuili
• S. verneuili var. subarchiaci = Plicapustula subarchiaci
• S. verneuili var. subextensus = Sinospirifer subextensus
• S. vilis = Sinospirifer subextensus
• S. wangleighi = Sinospirifer subextensus
• S. yassensis = Spinella yassensis

References

1. Paleobiology Database
2. Strusz, D.L.; Chatterton, B.D.E.; Flood, P.G. (1970). "Revision of the New South Wales Devonian brachiopod "Spirifer yassensis"". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 95: 170–190. Retrieved 2014-02-09.
3. Angiolini, L.; Long, S.; Davies, L. (2011). "Revision of Sowerby's species 'Spirifer bisulcatus, Spirifer pinguis and Spirifer rotundatus' from the late Tournaisian-Visean of Great Britain [online]". Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 41: 71–85. ISSN 0810-8889. Retrieved 2014-02-09.
4. Ma, Xueping; Day, Day (2007). "Morphology and revision of Late Devonian Cyrtospirifer (Brachioloda) and related genera from South China and North America". Journal of Paleontology 81 (2): 286–311. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2007)81[286:marold]2.0.co;2. Retrieved 2014-02-09.

further information

• Zipcodezoo
• Paleobiology Database
• Sepkoski, Jack Sepkoski's Online Genus Database