Carfax, Oxford

St Martin's tower (centre left) and the HSBC building (right), seen from the corner of High Street and St Aldate's

Carfax is at the junction of St Aldate's (south), Cornmarket Street (north), Queen Street (west) and the High Street (east) in Oxford, England.^[1] It is considered to be the centre of the city, and is at 51°45′07″N 1°15′29″W / 51.752°N 1.258°WCoordinates: 51°45′07″N 1°15′29″W / 51.752°N 1.258°W. The name "Carfax" derives from the Latin "quadrifurcus" via the French "carrefour", both of which mean "crossroads".

Tower

View from the top of St Martin's Tower

St Martin's Tower, popularly called "Carfax Tower", is on the northwest corner of Carfax. It is all that remains of the 12th-century St Martin's Church^[2] and is now owned by the Oxford City Council. It was the official City Church of Oxford,^[3] where the Mayor and Corporation were expected to worship, between about 1122 and 1896, when the main part of the church was demolished to make more room for road traffic. In 1896 the City Church was moved to All Saints Church in the High Street.

The tower is 74 feet (23 m) tall, and no building in central Oxford may be built higher than it.^[4] It is a Grade II* listed building.^[5]

The tower still has a ring of six bells: five recast from the original ring by Richard Keene of Woodstock in 1676, plus another cast by Keene two years later.^[6] They are rung on special occasions by the Oxford Society of Change Ringers.

There is also a clock that chimes the quarter hours on a pair of bells cast by John Taylor & Co of Loughborough in 1898.^[6] The clock's current dial and surroundings were designed by Sir TG Jackson and installed in 1898. In 1938–39 the clock mechanism was replaced with an electric one made by Gents' of Leicester.^[7]

It is possible to climb to the top of the tower for a view of the Oxford skyline.^[8] The tower is open 10am–5.30pm Easter to October, and 10am–3.30pm October to Easter.

Events

Grade II-listed K2 telephone kiosk beside St Martin's tower

The St Scholastica Day riot of 1355 began with an altercation in the Swindlestock Tavern (now the site of the Santander Bank on the southwest corner of Carfax, between St Aldate's and Queen Street) between two students and the taverner.

In 1865 William Henry Butler, who had been Mayor of Oxford in 1836, was buried in St Martin's churchyard in the grave of his first wife Elizabeth Briggs and their two infant daughters. In 1900 the church was demolished to make way for road improvements and as a consequence the grave and tombstone were forgotten. It is probable the tombstone was made by either John Gibbs of Oxford (father of Butler's second wife) or one of Gibbs's employees. The tombstone is still in situ and can be seen behind the tower. There is a campaign to protect the tombstone for posterity.^[9]

Role in legislation

Comparable to St Mary the Great for the University of Cambridge, Carfax plays a role in the disciplinary legislation of the University of Oxford over its students. For instance, the University's residence requirements are defined in terms of a given number of miles from Carfax within which students have to reside.^[10]

See also

• Carfax Conduit
• Carfax Tutorial Establishment

References

1. "This webcam is on the 14th Century Carfax Tower, facing east.". Webcams. BBC.
2. Jenkins, Stephanie (11 September 2012). "St Martin’s Church". Oxford History: Mayors and Lord Mayors.
3. Jenkins, Stephanie (11 September 2012). "The City Church, Oxford". Oxford History: Mayors and Lord Mayors.
4. Radcliffe Observatory Quarter Masterplan. Oxford: University of Oxford. p. 33. Retrieved 1 December 2009.
5. Historic England. "Carfax Tower Tower of the Church of St Martin Carfax (1047353)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
6. Williams, Michael (20 November 2011). "Oxford Carfax Tower". Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers. Central Council of Church Bell Ringers. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
7. Beeson & Simcock 1989, p. 58.
8. "Carfax Tower". Visit Oxfordshire. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
9. "William Henry Butler, Mayor of Oxford 1836". 17 May 2008.
10. http://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/examregs/2014-15/rfrintheuniv/

Sources and further reading

• Beeson, C.F.C. (1989) [1962]. Simcock, A.V, ed. Clockmaking in Oxfordshire 1400–1850 (3rd ed.). Oxford: Museum of the History of Science. pp. 55–58. ISBN 0 903364 06 9.
• Sherwood, Jennifer; Pevsner, Nikolaus (1974). Oxfordshire. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. pp. 306–307. ISBN 0-14-071045-0.
• Tyack, Geoffrey (1998). Oxford An Architectural Guide. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 96–98. ISBN 0-19-817423-3.

External links

• Map sources for Carfax, Oxford
• Wilkes, DC (2009). "William Henry Butler (Carfax Oxford)".
• Ross, David. "Carfax Tower". Britain Express.