Pamphilus of Caesarea

This article is about Saint Pamphilus of Caesarea. For Saint Pamphilus of Sulmona, see Pamphilus of Sulmona.
Saint Pamphilus of Caesarea
Priest and Martyr
Born c. latter half of the 3rd century
Beirut, modern-day Lebanon
Died February 16, 309
Caesarea Maritima, Palestine
Venerated in Roman Catholic Church
Eastern Orthodox Churches
Canonized Pre-Congregation
Feast February 16 (Roman Catholic Church)
June 1 (Eastern Orthodox Churches)

Saint Pamphilus (Greek: Πάμφιλος; latter half of the 3rd century February 16, 309), was a presbyter of Caesarea and chief among Catholic biblical scholars of his generation. He was the friend and teacher of Eusebius of Caesarea, who recorded details of his career in a three-book Vita that has been lost.

Biography

Eusebius' Martyrs of Palestine attests that Pamphilus was of a rich and honorable family of Beirut. This work also asserts that he gave all his property to the poor and attached himself to the "perfect men". Photius,[1] quotes Pamphilus's Apology for Origen to the effect that Pamphilus went to Alexandria, where his teacher was Pierius, the head of the famous catechetical school there, before settling in Caesarea Maritima, where he was ordained a priest. In Alexandria, Egypt, Pamphilus became devoted to the works of Origen of Alexandria. Photius says that Pamphilus was a Phoenician born at Berytus, and a scholar of Pierius, who collected sacred literature. According to Eusebius, he suffered martyrdom in the third year of the Diocletian persecution, after spending two years in prison. While he was in prison, Pamphilus and Eusebius worked together on five books in defense of Origen.[2]

The Diocletianic persecution began in earnest in the year 303. In 306 a young man named Apphianus-–a disciple of Pamphilus "while no one was aware; he even concealed it from us who were even in the same house"[3]–-interrupted the governor in the act of offering sacrifice, and paid for his boldness with martyrdom. His brother Aedesius, also a disciple of Pamphilus, suffered martyrdom about the same time at Alexandria under similar circumstances.[3] St Pamphilus's turn came in November, 307. He was brought before Urbanus, the governor of Palestine,[4] and upon refusing to offer sacrifice, was cruelly tortured, and then relegated to prison. In prison he continued copying and correcting manuscripts. He also composed, in collaboration with Eusebius, also imprisoned,[4] an Apology for Origen in five books, which Eusebius edited and to which he added a sixth book. St Pamphilus and other members of his household, along with Valens, deacon of the Church of Jerusalem and Paul of Jamnia,[4] men "in the full vigour of mind and body", were without further torture sentenced to be beheaded in February, 309. While sentence was being given a youth named Porphyrius - "the slave of Pamphilus", "the beloved disciple of Pamphilus", who "had been instructed in literature and writing" – demanded the bodies of the confessors for burial. He was cruelly tortured and put to death, the news of his martyrdom being brought to Pamphilus before his own execution.

Veneration

St Pamphilus is regarded as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. His feast day is celebrated on February 16 and on June 1.

Works and influence

Universalist historians Hosea Ballou II and J. W. Hanson (1899) have advanced that Pamphilius was a teacher of universal reconciliation, however this appears to be based on association with Origen, where modern research[9] shows this to be a misunderstanding of Patristic conceptions of apokatastasis.

David Hume adopted the evocative pseudonym Pamphilus for his Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion.

See also

References

Sources

Further reading

External links

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