St. Xavier's Institution

St Xavier's Institution

Labor Omnia Vincit
"Labor Conquers All"
Location
Georgetown, Penang
Malaysia
Information
Type Government Non-Boarding all-boys secondary School
Coeducational in Form 6
Established 1852
Founder Jean-Baptiste de la Salle
Headmaster Dr. Sim Hock Keat (Acting Principle)
Grades Standard 1 - Standard 6
Form 1 - Form 6
Campus Farquhar St.
Colour(s) Green and gold
Affiliations Malaysia Ministry Of Education
Abbreviation SXI
Website www.sxi.edu.my

St Xavier's Institution is a boys' school in George Town, Penang, Malaysia. It was established in 1852[1][2] and named after Saint Francis Xavier, the pioneering Christian missionary and co-founder of the Society of Jesus (Jesuit Order).[3][4][5] While being a boys' school, girls are also admitted, albeit only in Form 6.[6] The abbreviated name for the school is SXI with the pupils known as Xaverians or Lasallians,but among the students they were popular with the abbreviation SAINTS.

History

St. Xavier's Institution is the oldest surviving formal school in Penang and possibly Malaysia. While the year 1852 is inscribed on the school building, the history of the school begins much earlier than that. [7]

On 25 August 1786 Reverend Father (and then later Bishop of Siam and Queda upon the demise of Bishop Conde) Domino Arnaldo Antonio-Garnault (who was appointed Vicar Apostolic of Siam), who had been residing at Cochin China and Siam (Thailand today), having been expelled with the rest of the Societe des Missions Etrangeres de Paris (MEP) from neighbouring Thailand in 1781, arrived from Kedah. Captain Light noted that Garnault was acquainted with the languages of those countries. Garnault asked Light for permission to build a Church at Penang and while Light sought to make excuses, Garnault, together with his people and asked permission to settle. Garnault picked a spot in the woods about four hundred yards from the fort (what would become Fort Cornwallis). He established a Malay language school in an attap shed in a stretch of mangrove swamp that eventually became Church Street. Monsignor Jean-Baptiste Boucho (who arrived in 1824) of the Paris Foreign Missions, with an allowance of a hundred Piastres a month from Governor Fullerton, moved the school from the church compound to a brick house he had constructed, turned it into an English-medium school for boys in 1825 and renamed it the Catholic Free School. On 20 April 1852, St. Francis Xavier's Free School, as it was known as then, and its 80 pupils came under the management of the De La Salle Brotherhood under the responsibility of two French Brothers, Lothaire-Marie Combes and Venere Chapuit and one American Brother, Jerome.[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]

On Nov 1786 Francis Light writes to Mr John Fergusson, "Our inhabitants increase very fast -- Chooliars, Chinese, and Christians; they are already disputing about ground, every one building as fast as they can. The French Padre from Quedda has erected his cross here, and in two months more it will never be believed that this place was never before inhabited." (In 1785 Captain Light mentions that a French Padre, Antonio Garnault (bishop and vicar-general), came from Cochin China to Penang.[21]

The Rev. Father Decroix of the Church of the Assumption writes:

"On his return from Pondicherry the first care of Mg. Garnault was to provide for the education of children of the parish. Three young Siamese ladies were eager to consecrate their lives to the service of God and of the Church. They were given the Rule of the “Amantes de la Croix” a well-known Asian religious congregation, and established themselves a house in China Street known to their contemporaries as the “Little Convent”. Besides this convent the Sisters founded a school for boys and an orphanage for girls. The Malay language was the medium of instruction in the school."[22]

From One Hundred Years of Singapore we read,

"...Rev. Father J. M. Beurel, who was very anxious to ensure to the boys entrustedto his care the advantages of a sound religious and secular education. As far back as 1841 we find him working with a view of securing the services of the Christian Brothers for educational purposes in Singapore. The Superior-General of the Congregation, whowas then residing in Paris, appeared to have been more or less opposed to the project ; but the Rev. Father did not desist from his purpose, and finally proceeded in person to Paris to plead his cause. His journey was not fruitless, for towards the close of March 1852 he returned to the scene of his labours with six Brothers, three of whom were destined for Singapore, and the others for St. Xavier's, Penang, an analogous establishment."[23]

In 1856 its student population increases to 125 and in 1857 it was relocated to a newly completed building of 30x50 metres on Farquhar Street, and renamed St. Xavier's Institution.[24]

In 1906, the building known as Noah's Ark (because it was said to resemble a ship), built by the parish priest of Pulau Tikus as its first village school was handed over to the Christian Brothers and then became a branch of the St. Xavier's School.[25]

SXI entered its pupils for government scholarships , the prestigious Queen's Scholarships, and from 1892, for the Cambridge exams. The building was enlarged, and in 1900 the enrolment rate was over 400 pupils.

St Xavier's Institution

During the 1900s, Penang rose up to be a major shipping port, due to the rise of tin mining and rubber industry. Strict health regulations, the invention of motorcar, the need for rubber tyres and electricity, all these brought prosperity to Penang. SXI had over 1000 pupils. The boarding department was flourishing, the school has a spacious playing field and a cadet corps was formed. [26][27][28][29][30]

The original building was destroyed in World War II when the allied nations bombed the school which has been used as the naval headquarters for the Imperial Army of Japan in December 1941. School was suspended during this period. When the war ended, schooling resumed with the pupils being educated in "attap huts" on what is now the school field pro tem while the buildings were reconstructed. The current building was completed in 1952.

The school is affiliated with two primary schools which had split away from the main school body after the war. Sekolah Rendah Kebangsaan (SRK) St. Xavier's is the main primary school, located in Air Itam, while a branch primary school, Sekolah Rendah Kebangsaan (SRK) St. Xavier's Cawangan (formerly known as St. Xavier's Branch School) is at Jalan Brother James, in Pulau Tikus. Although the primary schools do not have strong associations with each other, the majority of graduates from both primary schools move on to attend the secondary forms in St. Xavier's Institution.

The city of Georgetown was granted UNESCO World Heritage status in July 2008, with St. Xavier's Institution as one of the heritage sites.[31]

In 2013, keeping with the vision of Dato' Reverend Brother Charles Levin, the School placed a plaque on its main gate. A Malaysian national daily recorded that the plaque "describes SXI's history from 1787 when French priest Arnold Garnault initiated the St. Francis Xavier's Free School."[32]

Newspaper Reports From 1859

Notice. To-morrow (Thursday) at 1.30pm will take place at the Brothers' School the inauguration of the new building erected by Mr. Chung Ah Kwee, and the late Messrs. Gan Hong Kee, and Lim Ah Kye. The Hon'ble the Resident Councillor will preside. The parents of the pupils and all persons interested in the Institution are cordially invited. Penang, 27 November 1895. (Straits Times 27 Nov)[33]

The Brother's School. As had been previously announced, the function at the Brother's school, took place on Thursday afternoon in the upper storey of this new building which was tastefully decorated with flags etc. for the occasion. The Hon'ble Resident Councillor and Capt. Ah Kwee occupied the two seats of honour whilst round them sat Messrs Vermont and Howard, the Rev. H. Rivet, the Chinese Consul and several other Chinese gentlement of distinction. After a piece had been played by the band, an address was read to the Resident Councillor, who in a short reply said he highly appreciated what had been done for the school by Capt. Ah Kwee and spoke in warm terms of the munificence which he (Capt. Ah Kwee) and many other wealthy Chinese residents of Penang had given proof of. About forty boys of the lower forms next encircled the platform in front and went through a lively Action Song which evoked much applause from all present after which followed the performance on the harmonium of the 'Punjaub march' by Master J. D. Mello Mr. Siew Num then came forward and read an address to Captain Ah Kwee who also replied in the national dialect and requested Mr. Leong Lok Hing to interpret his feelings of joy and satisfaction to both masters and pupils in return for the grateful sentiments expressed in the address in which special mention had also been made of the lamented Messrs Hong Kee and Ah Kye. The Resident Councillor then presented a medal to Chung Ah Phin, son of Capt. Ah Kwee to whom he reserved the honour of presenting a second medal to Gan Teong Tat. The Resident Councillor requested the Rev. Bro. Director to let the boys have two holidays. Then, on the proposal of Mr. Vermont three hearty cheers were given for Mr. Trotter and Capt. Ah Kwee and the proceedings terminated. Some items of the programme were unavoidably omitted, the Resident Councillor having but very limited time at his disposal on account of the expected arrival by the mail of Sir Nicholas O'Connor. Before dispersing the boys were allowed to have a display of fireworks in front of the new building and several boxes of crackers vanished with marvelous celerity. (Straits Times 30 Nov)[34]

The ceremony blessing the new building at the Christian Brother's school was gone through on last Sunday evening and it was witnessed by a large portion of the Catholic community. The Reverend Father H. Rivet officiated and he was assisted by two other priests who acted as deacon and sub-deacon. (Straits Times 7 Dec)[35]

La Sallian brothers

The school was founded by the La Sallian brothers and as such, has traditionally been headed by a brother. The headmaster of the school was a Brother Director while a Brother Supervisor acted as deputy headmaster. In recent years, the post of Brother Supervisor was replaced with two assistant principals, both not of the order.

One of the more famous Brother Directors is Brother Datuk Lawrence Spitzig, who also served two terms as Brother Director of St. John's Institution, Kuala Lumpur. He served in SXI from 1960 - 1967.

Brother directors of St. Xavier's

St. Xavier's Branch School, Jalan Brother James

In March 1962, the new building of St. Xavier's Branch school was opened by Raja Tun Uda Al Haj, Governor of Penang.[37] Brother Visitor T. Michael (as he then was) noted that the completion of this school "at Jalan Brother James in Pulau Tikus, and the La Salle school at Kampong Bharu" was greatly due to the drive and generosity of Heah Joo-Seang who died in London in May, not long after the new school and road were opened.[38] The road was named after Reverend Brother Marius James Byrne. Ooi Thiam-Siew, Mayor of Georgetown recalled, "It was the late Very Rev. Bro. James who gave me every encouragement to continue my schooling at St. Xavier," when he opened Jalan Brother James (off Brown Road), named after the late visitor of the Christian Brothers' schools who died in 1947. Brother James, had persuaded the then director of St. Xavier's, the Rev. Bro. Paul to give Thiam-Siew free education in 1927. "But for this, my school life would unhappily have terminated when I was only in standard six - the equivalent of our form one of today," noted the Mayor. He went on to say that when the City Council decided to name the new road after Brother James, "we did so in the conscious belief that a person who had done so much for us in the field of education should not be forgotten."[39]

The end of an era

With the retirement of Brother Paul Ho, the last of the La Sallian Brother principals, on 19 June 2009, the school will be helmed by a government-appointee, although Brother Charles Levin remains as Brother Director. St. Xavier's Institution was one of the last remaining missionary schools in Malaysia to be led by the missionaries and, certainly, the last in Penang.

A board of governors was formed in 2008 to oversee the school upon the retirement of Brother Paul.

Three brothers remain resident in St. Xavier's, although not officially part of the school proceedings.

School Anthem

Alma Mater's Call [40]

All through our college a voice is resounding,

Promptly respond to your duty's sweet call,

Harken you all for the trumpet is sounding,

Your mater's proclaiming her watchwords to all

(Chorus) Forward her children dear,

Ever with hearts sincere,

Render with joy to your mater her due,

All that is vile reject,

Heaven will e'er protect,

Sons of St Xavier's valiant and true,

Labour will conquer your motto still bearing,

Forward with courage in ways that are just,

True to your standard, be doing and daring,

As faithful Xaverians in Heaven your trust

(Chorus) Forward her children dear,

Ever with hearts sincere,

Render with joy to your mater her due,

All that is vile reject,

Heaven will e'er protect,

Sons of St Xavier's valiant and true!

Apart from the anthem "Alma Mater" above, When the Saints Go Marching In is the other unofficial anthem of the school and is played at many of the school's functions.

Affiliation

SXI is affiliated to other La Sallian Educational Institutions.

Students

As the norm in Malaysian boys' secondary school, girls are enrolled only in the lower and upper sixth form while Forms One through Five are strictly for boys.

Notable alumni

References

  1. Big bash set to forge closer ties by Choong, Kwee Kim published in The Star, Thursday, 19 December 2002
  2. Arrival of the La Salle Brothers, De La Salle Brothers, Sabah, Malaysia
  3. Koay A. (2012) 'Legacy of learning' in The Star 13 February 2012
  4. About St. Xavier's from St. Xavier's Institution's Official Website
  5. Siebert, Dr. A. E. (2002) 'Early Catholic Church, La Salle Education and The Penang Story' in The Penang Story – International Conference 2002 18-21 April 2002, The City Bayview Hotel, Penang, Malaysia Organisers: The Penang Heritage Trust & STAR Publications
  6. The Straits Times, 28 March 1971, Page 3: Girls were admitted after World War II
  7. Chin, C. (2011) 'School's untold story' in in The Star 23 July 2011: The late Karl Wolf @ Rev. Bro. Charles Levin, insisting that the story behind St. Xavier's Institution must be set straight, revealed that St. Xavier's was the oldest surviving school in the whole of Malaysia, having actually been established in 1787, and not 1852 as inscribed on school building. "SXI had its beginnings in 1787 when Captain Francis Light invited French priest Father Arnold Garnault to come to the island to set up two schools — one for the girls and another for the boys, and a church on a piece of land in George Town (a site bounded by Church Street and Bishop Street)," he said, adding, "these facts were documented in Francis Brown’s book ‘La Salle-Brothers Malaya & Singapore 1852 - 1952‘." The original medium of instruction, when St. Xavier's began, was Malay but this changed to English after Hutchings School (known today as Penang Free School) was established, 29 years later, in 1816.
  8. Educational directory of Malaysia and Singapore, 1965, Editors John Victor Morais, P. Philip Pothen, Published 1965, PP 10 & 123
  9. Christianity in Southeast Asia by Robbie B. H. Goh, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2005, P51
  10. My people, my country, Bernard Sta Maria, Malacca Portuguese Development Centre, 1982, P114
  11. Time Honoured Brother Directors, e-Lasallian Network
  12. Legacy of learning By ALLAN KOAY, The Star, Monday February 13, 2012
  13. Cornwallis in Bengal; the administrative and judicial reforms of Lord Cornwallis in Bengal, together with accounts of the commercial expansion of the East India Company, 1786-1793, and of the foundation of Penang, 1786-1793, by A Aspinall, Manchester University Press, 1931, P194.
  14. Christian Mission in Malaysia: Past emphasis, present engagement & future possibilities by Maria Perpetua Kana LL.M. (Dissertation), Australian Catholic University Research Services, 24 March 2004
  15. The Journey of the Catholic Church in Malaysia 1511-1996 by Maureen Chew, Catholic Research Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2000, P84
  16. Histoire de la mission de Siam 1662-1811: Documents historiques, Volume 1, Adrien Launay, Missions etrangères de Paris, 1920, P361
  17. Malaya's first British pioneer: the life of Francis Light, Harold Parker Clodd, published by Luzac, 1948, P57
  18. An Indonesian frontier: Acehnese and other histories of Sumatra by Anthony Reid, NUS Press, 2005, ISBN 9971-69-298-8, ISBN 978-9971-69-298-8, P159
  19. Dublin review: a quarterly and critical journal, Volume 5, 1838, P568
  20. History of the Church and Churches in Malaysia and Singapore (1511-2000), by Fr. P. Decroix, MEP
  21. A Short Sketch of the Lives of Francis and William Light, the Founders of Penang and Adelaide, by Archibald Francis Steuart, published by S. Low, Marston & Co, pp23-24
  22. A SHORT HISTORY OF THE PARISH OF THE ASSUMPTION by the Rev. Fr. Paul Decroix, Penang Talk, December 2003
  23. One hundred years of Singapore : being some account of the capital of the Straits Settlements from its foundation by Sir Stamford Raffles on 6 February 1819 to 6 February 1919, JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, W., 1921
  24. Legacy of learning By ALLAN KOAY, The Star, Monday 13 February 2012
  25. Modern dreams: an inquiry into power, cultural production, and the cityscape in contemporary urban Penang, Malaysia Issue 31 of Studies on Southeast Asia G - Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series by Beng-Lan Goh, SEAP Publications, 2002, P74, ISBN 0-87727-730-3, ISBN 978-0-87727-730-9
  26. Loh, Prof. Dr. W. L. (2002) 'Penang’s Trade and Shipping in The Imperial Age: The 19th Century' in The Penang Story – International Conference 2002 18-21 April 2002, The City Bayview Hotel, Penang, Malaysia Organisers: The Penang Heritage Trust & STAR Publications
  27. Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia From Ankor Wat to East Timor. p.1049
  28. Khoo S. N. (2006) More Than Merchants: A History of the German-speaking Community in Penang, 1800s - 1940s. Penang: Acrea Books. p.56
  29. ASEAN (1997) ASEAN Economic Co-operation: Transition & Transformation. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p.149.
  30. Shipping World (1958) Ports of the World, Volume 15. Shipping World Ltd. pp.692-694.
  31. Chua, Eddie. "Unesco Accepts George Town and Malacca as World Heritage Sites." Archives | The Star Online. Star Publications (M) Bhd., 8 July 2008. Web. 17 Apr. 2015. <http://www.thestar.com.my/story/?file=%2F2008%2F7%2F8%2Fnation%2F21765425>.
  32. Loh, Arnold. "A Brother's Legacy Lives on - Community | The Star Online." A Brother's Legacy Lives on - Community | The Star Online. Star Publications (M) Bhd, 7 Jan. 2013. Web. 17 Apr. 2015. <http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Community/2013/01/07/A-Brothers-legacy-lives-on/#>.
  33. The Straits Times, 27 November 1895, Page 5
  34. The Brother's School. The Straits Times, 30 November 1895, Page 4
  35. The Straits Times, 7 December 1895, Page 3
  36. Educational directory of Malaysia and Singapore, 1965, John Victor Morais, P. Philip Pothen, 1965
  37. The Straits Times, 28 February 1962, Page 5
  38. The Straits Times, 16 May 1962, Page 6
  39. The Straits Times, 7 April 1962, Page 11
  40. http://www.sxi.edu.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=28&Itemid=28
  41. More than merchants: a history of the German-speaking community in Penang, 1800s-1940s, Salma Nasution Khoo, Areca Books, 2006, ISBN 983-42834-1-5, ISBN 978-983-42834-1-4, P59
  42. Yen, Ching-Hwang, 2008. The Chinese In Southeast Asia And Beyond: Socioeconomic and Political Dimensions, Page 96.

External links

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