Roderic Dallas

Roderic Stanley (Stan) Dallas

Head-and-chest portrait of smiling man with folded arms, wearing dark-coloured uniform and peaked cap.

Roderic (Stan) Dallas, 1918
Nickname(s) "Breguet", "The Admiral"
Born 30 July 1891
Esk, Queensland, Australia
Died 1 June 1918(1918-06-01) (aged 26)
Liévin, France
Allegiance Australia
United Kingdom
Service/branch Australian Military Forces (1913–15)
Royal Naval Air Service (1915–18)
Royal Air Force (1918)
Years of service 1913–18
Rank Major
Commands held No. 1 Squadron RNAS (1917–18)
No. 40 Squadron RAF (1918)
Battles/wars

World War I

Awards Distinguished Service Order
Distinguished Service Cross & Bar
Mentioned in Despatches (2)
Croix de guerre (France)

Roderic Stanley (Stan) Dallas, DSO, DSC & Bar (30 July 1891 – 1 June 1918) was an Australian fighter ace of World War I. His score of aerial victories is generally regarded as the second-highest by an Australian, after Robert Little, but there is considerable dispute over Dallas's exact total. While his official score is commonly given as 39, claim-by-claim analyses list as few as 32, and other research credits him with over 50, compared to Little's official tally of 47. Like Little, Dallas flew with British units, rather than the Australian Flying Corps. Beyond his personal combat record, Dallas achieved success as a squadron leader, both in the air and on the ground. He was also an influential tactician and test pilot. His service spanned almost the entirety of World War I fighter aviation.

Born on a remote property in rural Queensland, Dallas showed an early interest in aviation. He travelled to England at his own expense following the outbreak of World War I and became a pilot in the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) in August 1915. Initially seeing action with No. 1 Naval Wing on the Western Front in Caudrons and Nieuport 11s, he was chosen to test one of the earliest Sopwith Triplanes. This became his favourite type, and he achieved many victories with it through 1916–17, earning the Distinguished Service Order, and the Distinguished Service Cross and Bar. He was appointed commanding officer of No. 1 Squadron RNAS in June 1917. On the establishment of the Royal Air Force on 1 April 1918, he took command of No. 40 Squadron. Flying Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5s, he achieved further victories before being killed in action on 1 June 1918 while on patrol near Liévin in northern France. He was buried in Pernes.

Early life

Stan Dallas was born on 30 July 1891 at Mount Stanley station outside Esk, Queensland, to labourer Peter MacArthur Dallas and his wife Honora.[1] Mount Stanley was an isolated property, and journeys to and from Esk were long and infrequent; Stan was the first Caucasian child born at the station.[2][3] His family moved to Tenterfield, New South Wales, soon after the birth of his younger brother in 1893.[1][3] They returned to Queensland in 1898, settling in Mount Morgan, where Peter Dallas became a shift boss at the local mines.[1][4] Stan attended Mount Morgan Boy's School from February 1899 and eventually joined its cadet corps, rising to sergeant.[3] At school he was noted for his intelligence, ability to get along well with others, and quiet sense of humour. He enjoyed the outdoors, and spent many hours in the mountains behind his family's home, observing birds of prey.[4]

In July 1907, Dallas joined the assay office of the Mount Morgan Gold Mining Company, and also enrolled in the local technical college, where he took night classes in chemistry and technical drawing. He showed an early interest in aviation, fuelled by the establishment in 1911 of the Mount Morgan chapter of the Queensland Aero Club.[1] Dallas and his younger brother Norvel built a glider, which was wrecked by an untimely gust of wind the first time they tried to launch it. The two brothers continued to build model gliders in spite of this initial disaster, and Stan corresponded with pioneer aviators in France, England, and the United States.[3] He later transferred to a higher-paying job driving trucks for Iron Island ironstone quarries. Stan and Norvel once again built their own flying machine while Stan was working on Iron Island. They experimented with this seaplane on nearby Marble Island, notorious for its treacherous waters; Stan lost this aeroplane in the sea.[5]

At 1.88 metres (6 ft 2 in) tall, and weighing 101 kg (223 lb), Dallas would later surprise observers with his ability to fit into the cramped cockpits of fighter planes. Despite his size, he was considered a fine athlete with quick reflexes.[6] Although he could project a loud speaking voice, he was generally soft-spoken and was not known to curse or drink alcohol, nor often to smoke.[1] Dallas stayed fit through regular exercise at the gym, and played rugby union football. He had exceptionally keen eyesight, which he had trained by reading small print in newspapers at the six-foot length of his family's table. To balance out athletics, he participated in amateur theatrics, where his strong voice served him well.[7]

Service history

Rise to flying ace

A man in military uniform with peaked cap, sitting in the cockpit of a biplane
Sub-Lieutenant Dallas, No. 1 Squadron RNAS, c. 1916

Dallas joined the Port Curtis Militia in 1913, and was commissioned as a lieutenant prior to the outbreak of World War I.[2][8] Believing he had little chance of gaining a place in the recently established Australian Flying Corps, he applied to join the British Royal Flying Corps (RFC), but was rejected. Undaunted, he travelled from Queensland to Melbourne, where he impressed Minister Without Portfolio J.A. Jensen. Jensen gave the young aspirant a letter of introduction to the Australian High Commissioner in London, Sir George Reid. Dallas paid his own passage to England and, once there, applied once more to the RFC.[2][4] Rejected again, he turned to the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) and was accepted, topping the entrance examination over 83 other students. He was commissioned a flight sub-lieutenant and began training at Hendon in June 1915, gaining Pilot's License #1512 on 5 August.[1][2]

On 3 December 1915, Dallas joined No. 1 Naval Wing and began flying combat missions in single-seat Nieuport 11 fighters and two-seat Caudrons out of Dunkirk, France.[2][8] Early in his career there, a practical joker imitating the commanding officer telephoned Dallas, who was the duty officer, and peremptorily ordered him to take off in a propellerless Breguet. Upon learning that he had been tricked, Dallas joined in the laughter. He not only accepted the resulting nickname of "Breguet", but also used it as a signature on his letters home later in the war.[9] Having made two unconfirmed claims in February 1916, Dallas scored his first confirmed victory on 23 April. He outmaneuvred a German Aviatik C and shot it out of control, following his victim down to 2,000 feet, though heavy anti-aircraft fire holed his plane in several places.[8][10] He went on to score three more confirmed victories with his Nieuport.[11]

Front three-quarter view of military triplane on landing ground, with two men standing beside it
Sopwith Triplane of the RNAS, c. 1917–18

On 23 June 1916, Dallas took delivery of the newest RNAS fighter, Sopwith Triplane #N500. This was the original prototype, having undergone Admiralty trials before being shipped to France. Though still only a test plane, it was flown into combat 15 minutes after its arrival.[1][12] Dallas named it Brown Bread, and it was the first of a series of 'Tripes' that he would fly and fight in over the next year. He achieved his first victory with Brown Bread on 1 July, the same day he was promoted to flight lieutenant. Three days later, he was recommended for further promotion. He scored his last Nieuport-mounted 'kill' on 9 July, earning the Croix de guerre and a mention in despatches for coming to the aid of a French Maurice Farman biplane.[13] On 7 September 1916, Dallas was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, "for the specially gallant manner in which he has carried out his duties" since first seeing action in December 1915.[14][15] By the end of the year he was among the earliest RNAS aces, with eight confirmed and four unconfirmed victories, and had been raised to the rank of flight commander.[16]

Dallas became one of the best-known pilots of Sopwith Triplanes in the RNAS. He opened 1917 by setting an altitude record of 26,000 feet in the Triplane while testing a prototype oxygen set; he endured frostbite and oxygen intoxication in the process.[6] By now No. 1 Wing's fighter squadron had been renumbered as No. 1 Squadron RNAS, and had totally re-equipped with production Triplanes. It also shifted airfields from Veurne in Belgium to Chipilly in France, leaving behind RNAS control by transferring to No. 14 Wing, 4th Brigade of the RFC. Formation flying became the order of the day, as the practice of fighter pilots soloing into combat dwindled.[11][17] The last three weeks of March were also filled with Dallas's responsibilities for flight and gunnery testing.[6] As British losses in the air began to mount during Bloody April, Dallas and his squadron moved airfields once again, to La Bellevue. They were thus positioned to take a prominent part in the subsequent Battle of Arras, where the intense aerial fighting saw Dallas add to his burgeoning score.[6][18] The combat of 23 April became known as one of the classic air battles of the war. Dallas and his wingman Thomas Culling took on a squadron-sized formation of 14 German aircraft, having gained an altitude edge over their foes. The naval aces exploited this edge by making quick diving attacks from opposite sides, culminating in short bursts of machine-gun fire. Using the Triplane's superior climbing ability, they would then bob back up to position themselves for the next assault. In contrast to the usual hit-and-run tactics of most dogfights, the RNAS duo launched at least 20 gunnery runs over 45 minutes. The Germans were forced progressively lower, into disarray, and then chased back over their own lines.[2][18] While they shot down three of the Germans, Dallas and Culling also achieved a more important outcome by blocking and then breaking up a determined enemy effort against the British ground offensive.[18] The action led to the award of a Bar to the Distinguished Service Cross for Dallas, and a Distinguished Service Cross for Culling, which were gazetted on 29 June.[19][20]

Squadron command

Half-length informal portrait of man in thick fur coat with a biplane in the background
Dallas wearing one of the thick fur coats used by World War I aviators to protect against the severe cold experienced in planes with open cockpits

By June 1917, Dallas had achieved over 20 victories in aerial combat. This experience, and his leadership ability, led to his appointment as commanding officer of No. 1 Naval Squadron on 23 June 1917.[21] The unit had been forced to cut back its operational strength from 18 aircraft to 15 due to lack of pilot replacements and a shortage of spare parts for the aging Triplanes.[22] It had also moved airfields, to an unprepared site at Bailleul. As a leader, Dallas made a point of shepherding new pilots through their first flights, and even setting them up with their first victories by manoeuvring enemy aircraft into a good position for the rookie to take a shot.[2][23] On the ground, he proved to be an efficient organiser, designing and directing construction of the new air base. It was also during this time that he wrote a treatise on air combat tactics, extracts of which have survived. Both the air base layout and the treatise displayed his talent as a sketch artist.[23] On 2 November, No. 1 Squadron moved airfields once more, to Middle Aerodrome, which put it back under overall RNAS control. The unit received its first eight new Sopwith Camels on 9 November as replacements for the Triplanes. On 11 November, Dallas was again mentioned in despatches, this time by Field Marshal Haig. After gaining its full complement of Camels, No. 1 Squadron was transferred to England, and took up home defence duties at Dover.[24] On 16 February 1918, Dallas led his squadron back to France, where it was based at Téteghem, supporting units on operations along the Belgian coast.[2][25] He commanded it for another six weeks, until 31 March.[21]

As part of the amalgamation of the RFC and RNAS to form the Royal Air Force, on 1 April 1918 Dallas was promoted to major and given command of No. 40 Squadron RAF, flying Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5s.[2][26] The squadron boasted several aces in its ranks, and its former RFC members were suspicious of Dallas's naval background. He was nevertheless able to overcome their misgivings and established himself as the new CO with his personal demeanour and courage; the nickname of "Admiral" that they bestowed upon him was an affectionate one.[2][27] Ten days after taking over, he had adapted well enough to his new mount with its inline engine to score his first victory with his new unit. His men also saw that he would not only look out for his rookie pilots, but would not shirk the dangers of ground attack sorties. His offhand attitude toward two leg wounds he received during a strafing mission on 14 April, after which he made "a perfect landing", especially impressed his subordinates, as did his appreciation of all ranks for their hard work.[2][28] His studious bent continued to serve him; he kept notes on his methods of attacking enemy aircraft, which often exploited their structural weaknesses, and used them to tutor pilots under his command.[1][6]

Side view of military biplane with pilot in cockpit, parked on an airfield
Dallas in his S.E.5, No. 40 Squadron RAF, 1918

Dallas was briefly hospitalised with the wounds to his thigh and heel on 14 April, but sneaked out four days later to rejoin his squadron. His departure may have been spurred by news of the capture of his friend Richard Minifie. As soon as he was able, Dallas was flying again.[6][29] By 26 April, he had increased his official score to 37, and been awarded the Distinguished Service Order for operations at Dunkirk.[2][30] He had also several times been recommended for the Victoria Cross, but it was never approved.[2][31] His casual attitude towards claiming victories was noted by a member of No. 40 Squadron, Cecil Usher, who related that Dallas once remarked of an opponent, "...he went down belching a lot of black smoke and after he had gone down someways one of his planes came off, but I didn't see him crash so I shan't claim him."[32] On 2 May, during a lull in the fighting at Flanders, Dallas took off in his S.E.5 to taunt his foes. He strafed the German base at La Brayelle to "attract attention" before dropping a package on the aerodrome with a note reading, "If you won't come up here and fight, herewith a pair of boots for work on the ground, pilots for the use of". He then circled in mist until troops came to examine the bundle, whereupon he dropped two bombs and again shot up the base, causing "general panic".[33][34] News of this singular exploit reportedly provoked laughter from Field Marshal Haig and RAF founder General Sir Hugh Trenchard, two men not known for their sense of humour.[33] While adding to his score and leading his squadron into combat, Dallas had begun thinking beyond the war. He was pleading with his father to quit the dangerous job of mining, with hints that he would support his parents by pioneering aviation in Australia.[35] He also harboured a long-standing ambition of flying from England back to Australia, which would be a record-setting journey.[36]

Death and legacy

Crucifix, made from an aeroplane propeller, in a cemetery. The inscription reads "Lt. Col. R.S. Dallas DSO DSC ... Killed in Action"
The cross, made from the propeller of an S.E.5, marking Dallas's grave

Dallas was raised to lieutenant colonel and appointed to the command of a wing, but would never see the message from headquarters that arrived on 1 June 1918 advising him of the promotion and ordering him to cease flying.[2][37] He disappeared on a solo mission the same day. It was later learned that he had been killed over Liévin during combat with three Fokker Triplanes from Jagdstaffel 14, probably by its commander, Leutnant Johannes Werner.[8] There are several theories as to how he died. The common elements are that he was on patrol near the front line when he pounced on a German plane flying at a lower level, that there might have been another unknown British pilot in trouble, and that the Germans who shot Dallas down had dived from a still higher altitude.[1][38] Medics near his crash site at Absalom Trench ventured into no man's land and retrieved his body, while a patrol of eight volunteers salvaged his personal effects from the fallen aircraft.[39] News of Dallas's death was greeted with shock and disbelief by his squadron, one pilot recording:[37]

The world is upside down ... Dallas has been killed ... Too good for this world I suppose.

The British magazine Aeroplane later paid tribute to him in an editorial:[2]

Roderic Dallas had become almost a legendary character in the RNAS. He was a pilot of quite extraordinary skill, a fighting man of astonishing gallantry, a humorist of a high order, and a black-and-white artist of unusual ability. But, above all this, he was a great leader of men. To be in Dallas' squadron was quite one of the highest honours open to a young fighting pilot of the RNAS and the high reputation held by certain of the RNAS squadrons operating with the RFC during the past year or two has been largely due to the training, example and leadership of Roderic Dallas.

For his record in aerial combat and his leadership skills, Dallas has been compared to the "Red Baron", Manfred von Richthofen. The former flew combat for 29 months, and the latter for 31 months, if his three months in hospital are deducted. Dallas successfully led two different squadrons during his career, and was killed just before assuming command of a wing. Richthofen led first a squadron, then a wing during his 12 months in command, again excluding hospital time; he achieved more victories, but had the tactical advantage of fighting over his own lines with the wind in his favour. Dallas flew a score of different types of Allied aircraft, as well as captured German planes;[40] he was also instrumental in developing the Sopwith Triplane. Richthofen flew the Fokker Dr.1, and helped develop the Fokker D.VII, but did not live to fly it into battle.[41]

Stan Dallas was buried at the Pernes British Cemetery, France, in Lot 38, Row E of Plot II.[42][43] Along with his military decorations, he was honoured with a Gold Medal by the Aéro-Club de France, and a Bronze Medal and Diploma by the Aero Club of America.[1][2] The town of Toogoolawah, Queensland, commemorated him in the name of its airport, and the national capital of Canberra remembered him with Dallas Place. His home town of Mount Morgan has dedicated a water reservoir in his honour; its Historical Society Museum holds his medals, uniform, and sword, as well the propeller from one of his planes.[2][41]

List of victories

Historians have struggled to develop a definitive list of Dallas's victories; Adrian Hellwig, in the bibliography to his 2006 biography, lists over a dozen previous historians that have investigated the subject.[44] He also refers to his difficulties in reconciling previous accounts.[45] While various claim-by-claim analyses ascribe Dallas a score of 32 aircraft shot down,[8][46] he was officially credited with 39, and with being second only to Robert Little—who was credited with 47—among Australian aces.[1][2][47] However, Dallas's unofficial tally has been estimated at over 50.[1][8] This list is a compilation of claim-by-claim analyses that follow, as much as possible, the British system of confirming victory: pilot log entries and/or combat reports did not count, unless verified by squadron or higher levels of command. Thus, inclusion of a confirmed victory in this list has depended on verification by the Squadron Record Book, and/or by RNAS/RAF Communique or other reliable secondary source verification. Victories not confirmed by these methods are marked "u/c".

No. Date/time Aircraft Foe Result Location Notes
u/c 6 February 1916 Nieuport 10 #3968 LVG Indecisive Germans dived away after Dallas hit the observer, and possibly the pilot.[48]
1 20 February 1916 Nieuport 11 #3981 C type Destroyed Germans fled scene after observer was hit.[49][50]
2 23 April 1916 Nieuport 11 #3987 Aviatik C Out of control Middelkerke As verified by Naval Communique.[8][51]
3 11 May 1916 Nieuport 11 Aviatik C Destroyed Dallas's solo attack hit both pilot and observer.[52]
4 20 May 1916 Nieuport 11 #3933 Friedrichshafen FF33 Destroyed Off Blankenberghe Dallas shot down and sank a seaplane.[8][52]
5 21 May 1916 Nieuport 11 Albatros C-III Destroyed North of Dunkirk Dallas's solo attack on seven Germans sent one down in smoke.[53][54]
u/c 22 May 1916 Destroyed Wing of enemy plane crumpled and it spun.[55]
u/c 11 June 1916 Nieuport Fokker Eindecker Destroyed Dallas supposedly downed an attacking German after his own plane's engine had been hit.[56]
6 1 July 1916 Sopwith Triplane #N500 Unidentified 2-seater (large brown biplane) Out of control Off La Panne Dallas downed German despite gun jam; confirmed by French artillery officer.[8][57]
7 9 July 1916 Nieuport 11 Fokker E-III Destroyed Mariakerke Pilot killed.[54][58]
u/c 9 July 1916 Nieuport 11 Large enemy biplane Inconclusive Mariakerke Per Squadron Record Book; Dallas fired into German, who dived erratically away.[54][59]
8 30 September 1916 Sopwith Triplane #N500 Unidentified scout Out of control Southwest of St Pierre Capelle Verified by Squadron Record Book.[8][60]
9 21 October 1916 Sopwith Triplane #N500 LVG 2-seater Destroyed Vicinity of Pervaise Verified by Squadron Record Book.[61]
u/c 27 January 1917 Sopwith Triplane #N5436 2-seater Enemy aircraft departed in steep dive. Near Dixmude Royal Naval Air Service Summary: "not verified".[61]
10 1 February 1917 Sopwith Triplane #N5436 LVG C-type Destroyed North of Dixmude Verified by Squadron Record Book.[8][62][63]
11 5 April 1917 Sopwith Triplane #N5436 Albatros D-II Out of control East-Southeast of St. Quentin Combat Report verified by Squadron Record Book.[8][63][64]
12 6 April 1917 Sopwith Triplane #5436 Albatros fighter Out of control Thomas Culling scored in same fight, and had victory recorded on this date.[65]
13 8 April 1917 Sopwith Triplane #N5436 Albatros C-type Out of control E of Cambrai Per Squadron Record Book, Combat Report counter-signed by witness and squadron commander.[66][67]
2 u/c 16 April 1917 and 19 April 1917 Sopwith Triplane #N5436 These victories are only in Dallas's logbook. They immediately followed his squadron's change of home airfields.[68]
14 21 April 1917 Sopwith Triplane #N5436 Albatros Scout Out of control Per Squadron Record Book. This victory is sometimes mistakenly dated 22 April 1917.[69]
15 and 16 22 April 1917 Sopwith Triplane #N5436 Two Albatros D-IIIs Destroyed; set on fire and destroyed Arleux Dallas and wingman Thomas Culling constantly attacked 14 German airplanes for 45 minutes, per Squadron Record Book and Royal Flying Corps Communique #85.[8][63][70]
17 23 April 1917 Sopwith Triplane #N5436 Albatros C-type Destroyed Near Douai Per Dallas's Official Service Record and Squadron Record Book.[54][71]
18 23 April 1917 Sopwith Triplane #N5436 Unidentified two-seater Set afire and destroyed Near Douai Per Dallas's Official Service Record and Squadron Record Book.[71]
19 24 April 1917 Sopwith Triplane #N5436 Albatros D.III Out of control SE of Lens Per Squadron Record Book and Combat Report; pilot hit.[8][72]
20 and 21 30 April 1917 Sopwith Triplane #N5436 Rumpler C-type; "German Nieuport" Destroyed; out of control Near Haynecourt Per Squadron Record Book.[73][74]
22 5 May 1917 Sopwith Triplane #N5436 Albatros D-III Out of control 4 miles E of Lens Per Squadron Record Book.[8][75]
23 6 May 1917 Sopwith Triplane Albatros D-III Out of control Confirmed by Dallas's Official Service Record.[76]
24 9 May 1917 Sopwith Triplane Two-seater Out of control Near Vitry Confirmed by Dallas's Official Service Record; German observer killed.[77]
25 19 May 1917 Sopwith Triplane Albatros D-III Out of control Henin-Lietard Victory witnessed by Flight Sub-Lieutenant Cyril Ridley.[8][77]
u/c 16 June 1917 Sopwith Triplane Aviatik Dallas's first possible victory as squadron commander.[78]
3 u/c 22 June 1917; one in AM and two in PM Sopwith Triplane AEG; AEG; Halberstadt Douai? Dallas's second, third, and fourth possible victories as squadron commander.[78]
26 22 July 1917 Sopwith Triplane Albatros C Out of control Lille Confirmed by Royal Flying Corps Communique #98.[79][80]
27 12 August 1917 Sopwith Triplane N6508 Albatros Destroyed E of Wervicq Royal Flying Corps Communique #101.[8][81]
28 16 August 1917 Sopwith Triplane Albatros D.V Destroyed N of Gheluwe Royal Flying Corps Communique #101.[8][82]
29 16 September 1917 Sopwith Triplane Destroyed Reputedly in company with Captain Robert Little[83]
30 15 November 1917 Sopwith Camel #B6427 DFW C-type Destroyed Ruggevelde Per Royal Naval Air Service communique. Scored while on home defense duties.[8][84]
31 6 December 1917 Sopwith Camel #B6431 DFW C-type Out of control Ostend Scored while on home defence duties.[8][85]
32 11 March 1918 Sopwith Camel Aviatik? 2-seater Destroyed Near Dixmude Per Royal Naval Air Service Communique.[86]
33 11 March 1918 Sopwith Camel Rumpler C Destroyed Near Dixmude Per Royal Naval Air Service Communique.[86][87]
34 12 March 1918 Sopwith Camel #5427 Kite balloon Destroyed—set aflame Only confirmed balloon victory, though he drove balloons down on several occasions.[86]
35 19 March 1918 2-seater Destroyed Per Dallas's Official Service Record.[88]
36 11 April 1918 RAF SE5a #C4879 DFW C-type Destroyed La Bassee Per Squadron Record Book.[8][88]
37 12 April 1918 RAF SE5a #B178 Albatros Destroyed S of Estaires German Albatros was circling downed wingman when shot down.[8][89]
38 2 May 1918 RAF SE5a #D3511 Albatros D.V Destroyed Brebieres Per Squadron Record Book.[8][90]
39 8 May 1918 RAF SE5a #D3511 Albatros D.V Out of control Brebieres Victory witnessed by Lieutenant Rusden.[91][92]
40 15 May 1918 RAF SE5a #D3511 Albatros C-type Out of control E of La Bassee Per Squadron Record Book.[8][93]
41 18 May 1918 RAF SE5a #D3511 Rumpler C-type Destroyed Lille Per Squadron Record Book; this was reportedly an artillery spotter calling in fire on Dallas's airfield.[8][94]
42 20 May 1918 RAF SE5a #D3511 Pfalz Out of control Merville Per Squadron Record Book, despite Combat Report stating "...no pilot is prepared to take credit..."[8][95]
43 22 May 1918 RAF SE5a #D3511 Pfalz Out of control W of Lille Dallas's solo attack picked off last plane in formation.[8][96]
3 u/c 23 May 1918 RAF SE5a Fokker Dr.I; Fokker Dr.1; Rumpler 2-seater Dallas's squadron was changing home airfields at this time.[97]
44 27 May 1918 RAF SE5a Pfalz Scout Destroyed Hantay Per Combat Report.[8][98]
45 30 May 1918 RAF SE5a #D3511 DFW 2-seater Destroyed Estaires Per Squadron Record Book.[99]

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Dallas, Roderic Stanley (1891–1918)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Garrisson, Australian Fighter Aces, pp. 51–56
  3. 1 2 3 4 Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 11–12
  4. 1 2 3 Firkins, The Golden Eagles, pp. 41–43
  5. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 13–14
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Firkins, The Golden Eagles, pp. 47–52
  7. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 12–13
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Newton, Australian Air Aces, pp. 32–34
  9. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 35–36, 112
  10. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 43–44
  11. 1 2 Franks, Nieuport Aces of World War 1, p. 32
  12. ↑ Franks, Sopwith Triplane Aces of World War 1, p. 6
  13. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 62–66
  14. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, p. 71
  15. ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 29736, p. 8768. 6 September 1916. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
  16. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 71, 192
  17. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 86–89
  18. 1 2 3 Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 94–101
  19. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, p. 103
  20. ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 30147, pp. 6256–6257. 29 June 1917. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
  21. 1 2 Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, p. 192
  22. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 119–120
  23. 1 2 Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 122–123, 128–129, 132
  24. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 132–135
  25. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, p. 141
  26. ↑ Shores, British and Empire Aces of World War 1, p.71
  27. ↑ Hart, Aces Falling, pp. 154–156
  28. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 142–144, 146–149
  29. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 149–150
  30. ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 30654, page 5059. 23 April 1918. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
  31. ↑ Firkins, The Golden Eagles, p. 55
  32. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, p. 167
  33. 1 2 Hart, Aces Falling, pp. 162–163
  34. ↑ Franks, SE5/5a Aces of World War 1, pp. 30–31
  35. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, p. 156
  36. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 138–140
  37. 1 2 Hart, Aces falling, pp. 182–183
  38. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 168–171
  39. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, p. 173
  40. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 142, 199
  41. 1 2 Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, p. 181
  42. ↑ "Roderick Stanley Dallas". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
  43. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, p. 176
  44. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 196, 212
  45. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 77, 95–101, 109, 112, 120–121
  46. ↑ Shores et al, Above the Trenches, p. 132
  47. ↑ Wilson, The Brotherhood of Airmen, p. 31
  48. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, p. 43
  49. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 43–44, 197
  50. ↑ Franks et al, Above the Lines, p. 256. Reported as destroyed.
  51. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 50–51, 197
  52. 1 2 Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, p. 52, 197
  53. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 54–55, 197
  54. 1 2 3 4 Newton, Australian Air Aces, pp. 32–34. Result listed as "Out of control".
  55. ↑ Firkins, The Golden Eagles, p. 46
  56. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, p. 58
  57. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 60–61, 197
  58. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, p. 62, 197
  59. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, p. 62
  60. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp, 74–75, 197
  61. 1 2 Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 77–78, 197
  62. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, p. 86, 197
  63. 1 2 3 Franks, Sopwith Triplane Aces of World War 1, inside front cover
  64. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 90–91, 197
  65. ↑ Franks, Sopwith Triplane Aces of World War 1, p. 10
  66. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, p. 94, 197
  67. ↑ Newton, Australian Air Aces, pp. 32–34. Foe listed as "Unidentified 2-seater".
  68. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 94–95, 197
  69. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 95–96, 197
  70. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 96–101, 197
  71. 1 2 Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 102–103, 197
  72. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, p. 104, 197
  73. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 105–106, 197
  74. ↑ Newton, Australian Air Aces, pp. 32–34. Second foe listed as "Albatros D-III".
  75. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 108–109, 197
  76. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 109, 197
  77. 1 2 Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 114–116, 197–198
  78. 1 2 Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, p. 120
  79. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 122, 198
  80. ↑ Newton, Australian Air Aces, pp. 32–34. Foe listed as "Albatros C".
  81. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 123–124, 198
  82. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 124–126, 198
  83. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp 126, 198
  84. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 134, 198
  85. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 135, 198
  86. 1 2 3 Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 141, 198
  87. ↑ Newton, Australian Air Aces, pp. 32–34. Date listed as "12/3/1918".
  88. 1 2 Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 144, 198
  89. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, p. 145
  90. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 155, 198
  91. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 158–159, 198
  92. ↑ Newton, Australian Air Aces, pp. 32–34. Foe listed as "Pfalz D-III"; result listed as "Destroyed".
  93. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 160, 198
  94. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 160–161, 198
  95. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 163, 198
  96. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 163–164, 198
  97. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 164, 198
  98. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 165, 198
  99. ↑ Hellwig, Australian Hawk Over the Western Front, pp. 166, 198

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