Stornoway
Coordinates: 58°12′32″N 6°23′13″W / 58.209°N 6.387°W
Stornoway (/ˈstɔːrnəweɪ/; Scottish Gaelic: Steòrnabhagh) is a town on the Isle of Lewis, in the Outer Hebrides (also known as the Western Isles) of Scotland.
The town's population is around 8,000, making it the largest town in the Outer Hebrides, with a third of the population of the civil parish of Stornoway, which includes various nearby villages and has a population of approximately 12,000.[2] Stornoway is an important port and the major town and administrative centre of the Outer Hebrides. It is home to Comhairle nan Eilean Siar (the Western Isles Council) and a variety of educational, sporting and media establishments. Observance of the Christian Sabbath (Sunday) has long been an aspect of the island's culture. Recent changes mean that Sunday on Lewis is now less different from Sunday on the other Western Isles or the mainland of Scotland.
Gaelic
According to the 2011 Census, there are 5,492 Gaelic speakers (43%) in the greater Stornoway area.[3]
History
The town was founded by Vikings in the early 9th century, under the Old Norse name Stjórnavágr. This town, and what eventually became its present day version, grew up around a sheltered natural harbour well placed at a central point on the island, for the convenience of people from all over the island, to arrive at the port of Stornoway, either by family boat or by horse-drawn coach for ongoing travel and trade with the mainland of Scotland and to all points south. At some point in the mid 1500s, the already ancient MacLeod castle in Stornoway 'fell victim to the cannons of the Duke of Argyle'. By the early 1600s rumbling trade wars came to a head and all further government attempts to curtail traditional shipping rights were firmly resisted by the islanders, as was an attempt by the King of Scotland James VI to place in the island the Scottish trading company known as the Fife Adventurers around 1598.[4]
In the mid 19th century, the ownership of Stornoway - and by extension the Isle of Lewis - passed from the MacKenzies of Seaforth to Sir James Matheson (and his descendants) who built the present Stornoway castle on a hill overlooking the bay of Stornoway. Matheson sold the island to William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme.[5][6] Lord Leverhulme held the island for a short time. His economic plans for the island (and with diverse business setbacks looming) over-stretched his finances and faced with failure in Lewis, he gave Stornoway parish to the people of the town. The Stornoway Trust was formed and continues to administer the parish for the people.[5][6]
Harbour and maritime industry
Today the harbour hosts a fishing fleet (and associated shoreside services) somewhat reduced from its heyday, a small marina and moorings for pleasure craft, a small shipyard and slipway, three larger piers for commercial traffic and Stornoway Lifeboat Station, run by the RNLI and home to a Severn-class lifeboat, Tom Sanderson. Her Majesty's Coastguard operates a Maritime Rescue Sub Centre from a building near the harbour.[7][8][9]
A lighthouse, seaweed processing plant and a renewable energy manufacturing yard are situated on Arnish Point at the mouth of the harbour and visually dominate the approaches. Arnish Point is also earmarked by AMEC as the landfall for its proposed private sub-sea cable which would export the electricity generated from the Lewis Windpower wind farm with a planning application for 181 turbines submitted to the Scottish Executive. In 2008 the Scottish Government rejected the plans - the company responsible is currently planning their next move.
The Arnish area was also surveyed by SSE for a second sub-sea cable but lost out in favour of Gravir to the south as the preferred site. SSE prefers Arnish Point as of 2016.[10]
The manufacturing yard was originally established in the 1970s as a fabrication plant for the oil industry but suffered regular boom and bust cycles. The downturn in business from the North Sea oil industry in recent years led to a move away from serving this market. The yard is now earmarked as a key business in the development of the whole Arnish Point industrial estate and has received large amounts of funding in recent years.
In 2007 the Arnish yard was taken over by its third tenant in as many years. Cambrian Engineering fell into liquidation as did Aberdeen-owned Camcal Ltd with relatively large-scale redundancies. Both firms were affected by the absence of a regular stream of orders and left a chain of large debts impacting upon local suppliers. Altissimo Ltd is a new firm backed by a group of Swiss and Dutch investors, and has purchased the Camcal name from the previous operator.[11] In December 2007, the yard won a contract to construct 49 towers for wind turbines in Turkey. This will ensure employment for around 70 employees for over six months.[12]
On 1 January 1919, the Iolaire sank at the entrance of the harbour, one of the worst maritime disasters in Scottish or UK waters, with a death toll of 205 men[13] who were returning home from World War I.
Climate
Stornoway, like much of the British Isles, has an Oceanic climate, with relatively little variation of temperature and damp conditions throughout the year.
| Climate data for Stornoway 15m asl, 1971–2000, extremes 1901– | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 14.4 (57.9) |
13.9 (57) |
17.2 (63) |
20.5 (68.9) |
23.9 (75) |
25.6 (78.1) |
26.2 (79.2) |
26.3 (79.3) |
25.0 (77) |
19.4 (66.9) |
16.3 (61.3) |
14.4 (57.9) |
26.3 (79.3) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 7.0 (44.6) |
7.0 (44.6) |
8.0 (46.4) |
9.5 (49.1) |
12.1 (53.8) |
13.9 (57) |
15.8 (60.4) |
15.9 (60.6) |
14.0 (57.2) |
11.7 (53.1) |
8.9 (48) |
7.6 (45.7) |
10.95 (51.71) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 2.0 (35.6) |
1.9 (35.4) |
2.6 (36.7) |
3.7 (38.7) |
6.0 (42.8) |
8.2 (46.8) |
10.3 (50.5) |
10.3 (50.5) |
8.6 (47.5) |
6.4 (43.5) |
3.7 (38.7) |
2.7 (36.9) |
5.53 (41.97) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −12.2 (10) |
−10.6 (12.9) |
−9.4 (15.1) |
−8.9 (16) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
0.6 (33.1) |
2.5 (36.5) |
2.1 (35.8) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
−7.8 (18) |
−11.2 (11.8) |
−12.2 (10) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 141.1 (5.555) |
104.5 (4.114) |
112.7 (4.437) |
70.7 (2.783) |
57.3 (2.256) |
63.8 (2.512) |
72.5 (2.854) |
81.7 (3.217) |
113.4 (4.465) |
134.5 (5.295) |
143.8 (5.661) |
135.8 (5.346) |
1,231.8 (48.495) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 31.9 | 62.7 | 98.9 | 141.6 | 196.5 | 162.3 | 129.6 | 132.1 | 109.5 | 82.5 | 43.2 | 26.0 | 1,216.8 |
| Source #1: [14] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: <ref name= Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute/KNMI>{{Cite web
| url =http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/mapserver/anomaly.php?indexcat=**&indexid=TXx&year=2010&seasonid=0&create_image=true&minx=-1272380.952381&miny=-4266190.4761905&maxx=460952.38095234&maxy=-2966190.4761904&MapSize=560%2C420&imagewidth=560&imageheight=420&mainmap.x=280&mainmap.y=211&CMD=ZOOM_IN&CMD=QUERY_POINT#bottom | title =Stornoway extremes | accessdate =Nov 2011 | publisher =KNMI }}</ref> | |||||||||||||
Transport
The Caledonian MacBrayne-operated ferry MV Loch Seaforth has been sailing since 2015 and sails from the harbour to Ullapool on the Scottish mainland, taking 2 hours 30 minutes. There are an average of two return crossings a day, with an increase and reduction in frequency in summer and winter months respectively. The former main ship on the route, MV Isle of Lewis (1995), provides a back-up to Loch Seaforth when there is more traffic and when she is unable to sail.
Suggestions for the possibility of an undersea tunnel linking Lewis and Harris to the Scottish mainland were raised in early 2007. One of the possible routes, between Stornoway and Ullapool, would be over 40 miles (60 km) long and hence become the longest road tunnel in the world.[15][16]
Stornoway is also the public transport hub of Lewis, and buses run to Point, Ness, Back and Tolsta, Uig, the West Side, Lochs and Tarbert, Harris. These buses are provided by the Comhairle and several private operators as well as some community-run organisations.
Stornoway Airport is located next to the village of Melbost, 2 miles (3 km) away from the town itself. From here services operate to Aberdeen, Benbecula, Edinburgh, Inverness and Glasgow, with flights from Flybe franchisee Loganair & Eastern Airways. The airport is also the base of an HM Coastguard Search & Rescue Sikorsky S-92 helicopter, and was previously home to RAF Stornoway.
In 1898, the Hebridean Light Railway Company was proposed, with a terminus at Stornoway, but the line was never constructed.
Education
Stornoway is home to the Nicolson Institute; founded in 1873, it is the largest school in the Western Isles and the only secondary school in Lewis providing a six-year course. It has a roll of around 1,000 pupils. A two year re-building project costing £29 million commenced in 2010, and the new school building formally opened in October 2012.[17][18]
Primary education in Stornoway is in Stornoway Primary School which opened in August 1969. The school is situated on Jamieson Drive with around 400 pupils. The head teacher is Annette Murray.[19][20]
There is a further education college, Lews Castle College, which was founded in 1953 and is now part of the University of the Highlands and Islands. It runs over 140 courses and has around 2700 students.[21][22][23]
There is also a small campus of the University of Stirling in Stornoway, teaching nursing, based in the Western Isles Hospital. It provides undergraduate degree programmes for adult nursing and supports post graduate students who can choose from various higher level courses.[24]
Sport
Football is the most popular amateur sport and Goathill Park in the town hosts special matches involving select teams and visiting clubs and other organisations. Two local teams currently participate in the Lewis and Harris Football League, Stornoway Athletic (Aths) and Stornoway United. Until the early 1990s there was also Stornoway Rovers. Shinty is not as popular as in the rest of the West of Scotland, but the Lewis Camanachd team is based around the town. Rugby Union is also popular with Stornoway RFC competing regularly in national leagues and cups.
The town also has a very popular gymnastics group which competes annually in sports festivals.
The Lews Castle Grounds is the home of Stornoway Golf Club (the only 18-hole golf course in the Outer Hebrides).
Very near to the Nicolson Institute is the Lewis Sports Centre (Ionad Spors Leòdhas), which has a Sports Hall, Fitness Suite, Climbing Wall, Swimming Pool and various other facilities. It also boasts a running track and an Astro Turf Football pitch.
There is also the Stornoway Karate Club, a member of the International Japan Karate Association. The club has run for over thirty years, under the teaching of Sadashige Kato.
Other clubs include: Stornoway United FC and Stornoway Athletic FC. There is also other sports clubs. Stornoway United FC normally win the Manor Dairy Football Competition.
Culture and media
The annual Hebridean Celtic Festival is a 4-day community-led festival which attracts over 10,000 visitors during July of each year. The Royal National Mòd has been held in Stornoway on a number of occasions, most recently in 2005 and 2011. Large influxes of visitors such as for these events can strain the town's accommodation capacity.
Stornoway is a sister town of Pendleton, in Anderson County, South Carolina, United States.
Broadcasting
The radio station Isles FM is based in Stornoway and broadcasts on 103FM, featuring a mixture of Gaelic and English programming. It is also home to a studio operated by BBC Radio nan Gàidheal. The Gaelic-language public service broadcaster BBC Alba launched on 19 September 2008, is based in Stornoway.
Newspapers
The main local newspaper for the Western Isles is the Stornoway Gazette.
Another main local newspaper is EVENTS, which is a free newspaper.
Food and drink
Stornoway black pudding is a gourmet black pudding, and was granted PGI status in 2013 by the European Commission to prevent inferior puddings produced elsewhere being marketed as "Stornoway" or "Stornoway Style".[25]
Stornoway kippers and Stornoway smoked salmon are produced in town. They have one of the last working brick kilns in the UK, at the establishment of Stornoway Fish Smokers, Shell Street.
The Hebridean Brewing Company produces cask ale and filtered beer in bottles.[26]
Attractions
Notable buildings in Stornoway include:
- Stornoway Town Hall;
- The Lewis War Memorial;
- The neo-gothic Lews Castle.
It is also home to a new arts centre, an Lanntair, containing an art gallery, auditorium for film showings, music and other performances, a restaurant and bar.
Other attractions include a museum and the Lewis Loom Centre.
Stornoway in popular media and culture
Stornoway became immortalised in the song "Lovely Stornoway" by Calum Kennedy and Bob Halfin.
The 4AD Records folk-rock band Stornoway took their name from the town, after seeing it on the BBC weather report. They signed their record deal outside the Woodlands Centre in Lews Castle Grounds, Stornoway, after performing in the town for the first time in April 2010.[27] Their second concert there was as headliners on the main stage of the Hebridean Celtic Festival, on Thursday 13 July 2011.[28]
"Stornoway" is the name of the official residence of the Leader of the Opposition in Canada's Parliament. It was given the name by its second occupants, the Perley-Robertsons, after the ancestral home of the Perley family.
The cult, bestselling novel The Stornoway Way by Lewisman Kevin MacNeil is largely set in Stornoway.
RAF Stornoway is featured in the Tom Clancy novel Red Storm Rising as a base for Allied air operations over the North Atlantic and against Soviet-held Iceland.
Stornoway features heavily in the initial stages of the X-Men comics Dark Phoenix Saga due to its proximity to the fictional Muir Island and Proteus' attempts to find a new host body.
In the motion picture "Latitude Zero" by Toho Productions (1969), Stornoway Harbour is featured on a wall plaque as the construction site of the submarine "Alpha".
In 2007 the British car manufacturer Land Rover introduced Stornoway Grey as a colour choice for its vehicle line-up. In response, Stornoway's councillor Angus Nicolson appealed to Land Rover to relabel the colour as Silvery Stornoway, fearing that the association of grey with dull and boring would hurt the image of the town with tourists; Mr Nicolson said: "This is deeply insulting and is offensive, inaccurate and inherently degrading. This will hit tourism as it subliminally implants adverse connotations in the minds of those who have never experienced the reality of these beautiful islands." Land Rover replied that the colour in question is one of the most popular ones and the use of Stornoway in its name will instead "keep it on the map".[29][30]
In 2011 Scottish author Peter May published The Blackhouse, the first of The Lewis Trilogy of thrillers based on Lewis, where the primary police murder investigation is based in Stornoway.
The Witch in Pixar's Brave (2012 film) attending the Wicker Man Festival in Stornoway.
Stornoway is mentioned in the traditional Scottish song entitled "My Mary Fair", popular as a choral piece in many countries, particularly in Argentina, as arranged by Richard Green.
Religion
Stornoway has several churches of various Christian denominations, and is a stronghold of the Free Church of Scotland. The Sabbath is still widely observed in Stornoway; it is home to a number of members of the Lord's Day Observance Society, which lobbies for no work on the Christian Sabbath (Sundays), based on its interpretation of the fourth (by the Hebrew reckoning) of the Ten Commandments. Sunday newspapers are not available and almost all shops and local amenities are closed on Sundays.
Travel
Until July 2009, there were no Sunday ferry services to or from Stornoway. It was announced on 14 July 2009 that Caledonian MacBrayne would begin to operate Sunday sailings from Sunday 19 July 2009.[31] Before this, they would operate additional sailings on Sundays if several previous sailings have been cancelled, to allow the backlog of traffic to clear. Caledonian MacBrayne have said that they took legal advice that not implementing Sunday sailings would be against human rights legislation.[31]
There are Sunday flights leaving from Stornoway airport with two return flights to Inverness and one to Glasgow.
Notable people
Born in Stornoway
- Linda Norgrove, aid worker from the Western Isles
- Astrid (band), band from the Western Isles
- Kevin MacNeil, novelist, poet and playwright
- Sheilagh M. Kesting, first woman minister to be nominated to be Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland.
- Cathy MacDonald, TV presenter
- Donny MacLeod (Donny B), former TV presenter on Pebble Mill
- Calum Kennedy, singer and entertainer
- Calum MacDonald, politician
- Aeneas MacKenzie, screenwriter
- Alexander MacKenzie, explorer, after whom the Mackenzie River in Canada is named
- Colin Mackenzie, 1st Surveyor-General of India
- Anne MacKenzie, BBC current affairs presenter and radio presenter
- Ken MacLeod, science fiction writer
- Hans Matheson, actor, plays the title role in Granada's £8.5m serialisation of Boris Pasternak's novel, Doctor Zhivago
- Alexander Munro, Olympic tug-of-war medalist and wrestler
- Donald Stewart, politician
- Alasdair Smith, Professor of Economics at the University of Sussex
Links to Stornoway
- Iain Crichton Smith, writer – grew up in Lewis. Educated at the Nicolson Institute.
- The 4AD Records folk-rock band Stornoway – took their name from the town, after seeing it on the BBC weather report.
- Stuart Braithwaite, guitarist of Glasgow-based band Mogwai – mother was born in Stornoway
- Angus MacAskill, the strongest man to have ever lived – born in Berneray and briefly lived in Stornoway before emigrating to Canada
- Arthur Pink, Christian evangelist and Biblical scholar
- Misbah Rana, also known as Molly Campbell, schoolgirl who recently was the focus of an international custody dispute between Scotland and Pakistan
- Donald Trump, American billionaire – mother came from Tong, a village 4 miles (6 km) from Stornoway
- Derick Thomson, Scottish Gaelic poet, born elsewhere in Lewis, but educated in Stornoway
- Alistair Darling, former Chancellor of the Exchequer – Mother was born and brought up in Stornoway. Darling is also a former pupil of the Nicolson Institute.
Areas of the town
- Stornoway Town centre
- Goathill
- Manor Park
- Plasterfield
- Stornoway Castle Grounds
- The Cearns
- Marybank
- Laxdale
- Sandwick
- Stornoway Airport
- Newvalley
- Steinish
- Newmarket
Gallery
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Boats in Stornoway
-
Stornoway from the ferry
-
Bayhead, Stornoway
References
- ↑ "Stornoway Profile - May 2014". Highlands & Islands Enterprise. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
- ↑ "Scrol".
- ↑ "Census shows Gaelic declining in its heartlands". (15 November 2013 ) BBC News. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
- ↑ "Stornoway - History". Virtual Hebrides. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
- 1 2 "The Principal Clans and Private Landlords of Lewis" (PDF). www.angusmacleodarchive.org.uk. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
- 1 2 "History of the Lews Castle". Stornoway Historical Society. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
- ↑ "Stornoway Harbour". Visit Outer Hebrides. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
- ↑ "Stornoway Lifeboat Station". RNLI. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
- ↑ "History of Stornoway Coastguard". Stornoway Coastguard. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
- ↑ https://www.ssepd.co.uk/WesternIsles/
- ↑ "BBC". BBC News. 30 March 2007. Retrieved 6 January 2010.
- ↑ "Yard wins biggest wind tower job". BBC News online. 2007-12-10. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
- ↑ "Iolaire Memorial". Gazetteer for Scotland. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
- ↑ "Stornoway average's". MetOffice. Retrieved Nov 2011.
- ↑ Kelbie, Paul (7 February 2007). "Independent". The Independent (London). Retrieved 24 May 2010.
- ↑ "Stornoway Today".
- ↑ "The Nicolson - Past, Present & Future". The Nicolson Institute. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
- ↑ "School Handbook" (PDF). The Nicolson Institute. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
- ↑ "Domesday Reloaded - 1986 Stornoway North - Education". BBC. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
- ↑ "Stornoway Primary School". Education Scotland. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
- ↑ Smith, Iain (26 September 2013). "A meeting in Stornoway, and the good that followed it". Scottish Review. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
- ↑ "Welcome to Lews Castle College UHI". UHI. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
- ↑ "History of the Lews Castle". Stornoway Historical Society. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
- ↑ "Western Isles Campus". University of Stirling. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
- ↑ "Stornoway black pudding given protected status". BBC News. 8 May 2013. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
- ↑ Online Travel guide retrieved 1 September 2007
- ↑ Stornoway the band to play Stornoway the town
- ↑ Stornoway the band to play Stornoway the town for the second time http://www.hebceltfest.com/festival/bands/stornoway.php
- ↑ "Grey shade too far for councillor". BBC News. 9 March 2007. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ↑ "Brit town protests "Stornoway Grey" Land Rovers". Autoblog. 12 March 2007. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- 1 2 "BBC Scotland News". BBC News. 14 July 2009. Retrieved 6 January 2010.
External links
Stornoway travel guide from Wikivoyage- Stornoway information by Explore Scotland
- Stornoway Historical Society
- Disabled access to Stornoway shops, public buildings, transport and visitor attractions
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Stornoway". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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