Strategic petroleum reserve (China)
- This article refers to the Chinese Strategic Petroleum Reserve. For other countries see global strategic petroleum reserves
The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) is an emergency fuel store of oil maintained by the People's Republic of China National Development and Reform Commission. By 2013 according to Nation Master China had 25.58 billion bbl of oil reserves.[1]
Background
In 2007 China announced an expansion of their crude reserves into a two part system. Chinese reserves would consist of a government-controlled strategic reserve complemented by mandated commercial reserves.[2] The government-controlled reserves was completed in three phases. Phase one consisted of a 101.9 million barrel reserve, mostly completed by the end of 2008. The second phase of the government-controlled reserves with an additional 170 million barrels for completion by 2011.[3] Recently, Zhang Guobao the head of the National Energy Administration also stated that there will be a third phase that will expand reserves by 204 million barrels with the goal in 2009 of increasing China's SPR to 90 days of supply by 2020.[4]
Reserve structure
Government reserves in 2009
The government and enterprise reserves are managed by the National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC). Current plans call for government reserves of 475.9 million barrels (101.9 million barrels completed, 374 million barrels planned).[5]
- First phase facilities:
- Dalian, Liaoning Province. Capacity of 19 million barrels (3,000,000 m³), filled as of September 2009.[6]
- Qingdao, Shandong Province. Capacity of 19 million barrels (3,000,000 m³), filled as of September 2009.[7][8]
- Zhenhai, Zhejiang Province. 52 storage tanks with a capacity of 33 million barrels (5,200,000 m³), filled as of December 2007. [9][10][11]
- Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province. Capacity of 33 million barrels (5,200,000 m³), 7.6 million barrels (1,210,000 m3) filled as of June 2007.[12]
- Second phase facilities:
- Dushanzi, Karamay City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Planned capacity of 34 million barrels (5,400,000 m³).[13]
- Lanzhou, Gansu province. Planned capacity of 19 million barrels (3,000,000 m³), with completion by 2011.[14]
- Huangdao, Shandong Province[15]
- Jinzhou, Liaoning Province
- Four other facilities, location and size to be determined.[16]
- Third phase facilities:[17]
- Wanzhou, Chongqing Municipality
- Henan Province
- Caofeidian, Hebei Province
- Tianjin. Planned capacity of 150 million barrels (20,000,000 m³), with completion by 2023.[18]
- Local government reserves
- Guangdong Province has begun plans for an expanded reserve from 20 days to 90 days.[19]
- Hainan Province has begun plans for a reserve.[20]
- Shanshan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region has begun plans for a reserve.
- Caofeidian, Hebei province has begun plans for a reserve.
- Wanzhou, Chongqing municipality has begun plans for a reserve.
Enterprise reserves in 2008
Currently the enterprise reserves compose a smaller portion of the overall SPR with a 209.44 million barrel strategic reserve planned (35.33 million barrels completed, 51.5 million barrels under construction).
- Commercial oil reserves by major Chinese oil companies, PetroChina, Sinopec and CNOOC
- PetroChina facility, Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Completed with a capacity of 6.3 million barrels (1,000,000 m3).[21]
- PetroChina facility, Tieling, Liaoning Province. Completed with a capacity of 5.03 million barrels (800,000 m3), completion October 2008[22]
- Sinopec facility, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. Completed with a capacity of 24 million barrels (3,800,000 m3).[23]
- Sinopec facility, Rizhao, Shandong Province, under construction. Planned capacity of 20.1 million barrels (3,200,000 m³)[24]
- Sinopec facility, Beihai, Guangxi region, under construction. Planned capacity by 2011 of 20.1 million barrels (3,200,000 m³)[25]
- Sinopec facility, Zhanjiang, under construction
- Sinopec facility, Caofeidian, under construction[26]
- Sinopec facility, Shanghai, under construction
- Sinochem facility, under construction
- Unknown company, Heilongjiang Province
- CNOOC facility, Gansu Province, under construction. Planned capacity of 11.3 million barrels (1,800,000 m3).[27]
- Oil storage reserves by medium and small Chinese oil companies
The planned state reserves of 475.9 million barrels plus the planned enterprise reserves of 209.44 million barrels will provide around 90 days of consumption or a total of 685.34 million barrels.[28]
Other SPRs in 2003
The U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve is the largest emergency supply in the world with the current capacity to hold up to 727 million barrels (115,600,000 m3). The second largest emergency supply of oil is Japan's with a 2003 reported capacity of 579 million barrels (92,100,000 m3).
See also
- Strategic Petroleum Reserve (United States)
- Oil reserves
- Global strategic petroleum reserves
- Energy development
- Energy security
References
- ↑ "Proved reserves", Nation Master, 2013, retrieved 14 January 2016
- ↑ http://www.chinanews.cn//news/2007-07-19/37721.html
- ↑ http://www.gulfnews.com/business/Oil_and_Gas/10272815.html
- ↑ http://www.chinasourcingblog.org/2009/10/chinas-energy-security-strateg.html
- ↑ (Chinese) China to have strategic oil reserve soon
- ↑ http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-09/25/content_12111691.htm
- ↑ http://www.gulfnews.com/business/Oil_and_Gas/10272815.html
- ↑ http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-09/25/content_12111691.htm
- ↑ Gulfnews: China to fill Aoshan tanks with Mideast oil by June
- ↑ "China's Q1 2007 crude oil demand unchanged at 7.12 mln bpd - IEA - Forbes.com". Archived from the original on January 8, 2008.
- ↑ "Official: China starts filling strategic oil reserve". Associated Press. 2006-10-06.
- ↑ "China and Saudi Arabia: interesting SPR team up?". Marketwatch. 2006-03-23.
- ↑ http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-09/25/content_12111691.htm
- ↑ "FACTBOX - China's strategic oil reserve plan". Reuters. 2009-12-30.
- ↑ http://news.alibaba.com/article/detail/business-in-china/100178312-1-china-raise-oil-reserve-capacity.html
- ↑ http://www.chinasourcingblog.org/2009/10/chinas-energy-security-strateg.html
- ↑ http://news.alibaba.com/article/detail/business-in-china/100176220-1-china-plans-storage-more-strategic.html
- ↑ http://news.alibaba.com/article/detail/energy/100201621-1-china-tianjin-build-20-mln.html
- ↑ Guangdong plans 2 oil storages to ease shortage
- ↑ (Chinese) China's Strategic Oil Reserves to Be Ready
- ↑ http://www.gulfnews.com/business/Oil_and_Gas/10272815.html
- ↑ South Africa-China Economic & Trade Cooperation
- ↑ http://www.gulfnews.com/business/Oil_and_Gas/10272815.html
- ↑ http://www.upstreamonline.com/live/article220569.ece
- ↑ http://www.upstreamonline.com/live/article220569.ece
- ↑ "Sinopec, Aramco refinery on track, discuss reserves". Reuters. 2007-08-27.
- ↑ http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2009-03/12/content_7570809.htm
- ↑ http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/ene_oil_con-energy-oil-consumption