Suifenhe
| Suifenhe 绥芬河市 | |
|---|---|
| County-level city | |
  Suifenhe Location in Heilongjiang | |
| Coordinates: 44°24′N 131°09′E / 44.400°N 131.150°ECoordinates: 44°24′N 131°09′E / 44.400°N 131.150°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Heilongjiang |
| Prefecture-level city | Mudanjiang |
| Township-level divisions | 2 towns |
| Municipal seat | Suifenhe Town (绥芬河镇) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 460 km2 (180 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 464 m (1,522 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 100,000 |
| • Density | 220/km2 (560/sq mi) |
| Time zone | China Standard (UTC+8) |
| Postal code | 157300 |
| Area code(s) | 0453 |
| Website |
suifenhe |
| Suifenhe | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 綏芬河 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simplified Chinese | 绥芬河 | ||||||||
| Postal | Suifenho | ||||||||
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Suifenhe (simplified Chinese: 绥芬河; traditional Chinese: 綏芬河; pinyin: Suífēnhé), is a county-level city in southeastern Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, located situated where the former Chinese Eastern Railway crosses the border with Russia's town of Pogranichny, Primorsky Krai. In January 2014 Suifenhe became the only Chinese city in which trading with Russian Ruble is allowed.[1] The city shares its name with the Suifen River, and is under the administration of Mudanjiang Prefectrure-level City.
Suifenhe and the surrounding border areas were scenes of vicious combat when the Soviet Union invaded Japanese-occupied Manchuria in August 1945.
Geography and climate
Suifenhe has a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen Dwb), with long, very cold, but dry winters, and warm, humid summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperatures range from −16.6 °C (2.1 °F) in January to 19.6 °C (67.3 °F) in July, and the annual mean is +2.86 °C (37.1 °F). Precipitation is light in the winter, and more than 2/3 of the year's precipitation occurs from June to September. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 44% in July to 64% in January and February, the city receives 2,413 hours of bright sunshine annually, with the latter half of winter being especially sunny.
| Climate data for Suifenhe (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | −10.7 (12.7) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
1.1 (34) |
11.2 (52.2) |
18.2 (64.8) |
21.9 (71.4) |
25.0 (77) |
24.3 (75.7) |
18.9 (66) |
11.3 (52.3) |
0.2 (32.4) |
−8 (18) |
8.9 (48) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −21.5 (−6.7) |
−18.3 (−0.9) |
−10.7 (12.7) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
4.4 (39.9) |
10.0 (50) |
14.6 (58.3) |
14.0 (57.2) |
6.3 (43.3) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
−10.6 (12.9) |
−18.2 (−0.8) |
−2.8 (27) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 5.9 (0.232) |
7.8 (0.307) |
11.9 (0.469) |
26.6 (1.047) |
53.9 (2.122) |
96.3 (3.791) |
113.3 (4.461) |
105.5 (4.154) |
67.7 (2.665) |
39.9 (1.571) |
15.2 (0.598) |
9.8 (0.386) |
553.8 (21.803) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 6.1 | 6.8 | 8.2 | 9.6 | 13.0 | 15.6 | 15.2 | 14.1 | 10.7 | 8.7 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 123.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 66 | 63 | 57 | 53 | 59 | 77 | 82 | 82 | 75 | 62 | 62 | 66 | 67.0 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 182.1 | 188.5 | 229.9 | 216.4 | 236.5 | 211.2 | 206.3 | 203.4 | 206.9 | 206.1 | 169.2 | 156.7 | 2,413.2 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 64 | 64 | 63 | 54 | 52 | 46 | 44 | 47 | 55 | 61 | 59 | 57 | 54 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration | |||||||||||||
Administrative divisions
Suifenhe administers two towns:[2]
- Suifenhe Town (绥芬河镇)
- Funing (阜宁镇)
Transport
Suifenhe is one of the points where China's and Russia's railway systems connect. The rail line, which crosses the Sino-Russian border here was originally constructed as the Chinese Eastern Railway in the early 20th century. The train station on the opposite side of the border is Grodekovo, in the town of Pogranichny, Primorsky Krai.
As of December 2009, Russian train schedule sites show the existence of the passenger train no. 401, making the 26-km trip between Suifenhe and Grodekovo twice a week; however, the twice-a-week trains no. 006, Khabarovsk–Harbin, and no. 967, Vladivostok–Harbin only have a scheduled stop in Grodekovo and not in Suifenhe.[3]
The cross-border rail line is important for freight transportation. As of 2015, the main cargo entering China from Russia over this railway crossing is iron ore; at 1.3 million tons over the first 5 months of the year, it constitutes about 1/3 of the total import cargo volume.[4]
Suifenhe is also a terminus of both G10 Suifenhe–Manzhouli Expressway and China National Highway 301, which run northwest to Manzhouli (Inner Mongolia), which is another China–Russia port-of-entry.
Environmental issues
The Environmental Investigation Agency conducted an investigation in February 2008, in the illegal logging of Russian wood, which was taking place in Suifenhe. The main supplier of the wood, Wal-Mart, has recently acknowledged that the practice in Suifenhe is illegal, under Russian law, and has committed to end all illegal sales of wood in six years.[5]
References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Suifenhe. |
- ↑ "Chinese border city gives green light to use of ruble". rt. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
- ↑ 2011年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：绥芬河市 (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. Retrieved 2013-02-18.
- ↑ Russian train schedules site. One can search e.g. by entering "Grodekovo" as a station name, obtaining results like this: http://www.poezda.net/en/station_timetable?st_code=2034464&forDate=08-12-2009 The through trains from Khabarovsk and Vladivostok may in reality be just single cars, or groups of cars, attached to a train terminating in Grodekovo, and then passed on to the Chinese railways.
- ↑ 绥芬河铁路口岸2015年1至5月进口铁矿创历史同期新高 (Record amount of iron ore imported through the Suifenhe railway point of entry over the first 5 months of 2015)
- ↑ The New Yorker. "The Stolen Forests." Oct. 6, 2008.
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