Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura

Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura
كسولتانن سياق سري ايندراڤورا
←
1725–1946 →


Flag

Siak Palace in Riau.
Capital Buantan, Mempura, Senapelan Pekanbaru, Siak Sri Indrapura
Languages Malay
Religion Sunni Islam
Government Monarchy
Sultan
 •  1725–1746 Sultan Abdul Jalil Rahmad Syah I
 • 1915–1949 Sultan Assyaidis Syarif Kasyim Abdul Jalif Syaifudin I (Syarif Kasyim II)
History
 •  Founded 1725
 •  Join to Republic of Indonesia 1946
Today part of  Indonesia
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The Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura, often called Sultanate of Siak (Indonesian: Kesultanan Siak Sri Inderapura; Jawi: كسولتانن سياق سري ايندراڤورا‎), was a kingdom that was located in the Siak Regency, Riau from 1723 to 1946 CE. It was founded by Raja Kecik from the Johor Kingdom (Sultan Abdul Jalil Rahmad Syah I), after he failed to seize the throne of the Sultanate of Johor.

Group portrait of the Sultan of Siak and his retinue

After Indonesia's Independence was proclaimed on 17 August 1945, the last sultan of Siak (Sultan Syarif Kasim II) declared his kingdom to have joined the Republic of Indonesia.

History

The history of Riau before Indonesian independence time has been rooted in the history of Siak Sri Indrapura, a Malay Islamic kingdom. The Siak-centred sultanate was founded by Sultan Abdul Jalil Rahmad Shah in 1725. The first Sultan died in 1746 and later posthumously given the title of Marhum Buantan. The reign was continued to Sultan Abdul Jalil Muzaffar Shah (1746–1765) who ruled for about 19 years. This second Sultan succeeded in making the Kingdom of Siak Sri Indrapura strong and triumphant.[1]

Installation of the Sultan of Siak in 1889 in the presence of resident Michielsen captain Van der Pol and assistant resident Schouten, East Sumatra

The third Sultan was Abdul Jalil Jalaluddin Shah (1765–1766) had only ruled for a year. His real name was Tengku Ismail. His reign was under attacks of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) which took advantage of Tengku Alam (later became the fourth Sultan) as a shield. Sultan Abdul Jalil later dubbed Marhum Mangkat di Balai. Tengku Alam (1766–1780) ascended to the throne after the death of Abdul Jalil Jalaluddin, with the title of Sultan Abdul Jalil Alamuddin Syah and posthumously given the title of Marhum Bukit.[1]

Sultan Hashim Abdul Jalil Muzaffar Shah

The daughter of fourth Sultan, Abdul Jalil Alamuddin Syah, Badriyyah was married to a person knowledgeable in Islam Sayyid Uthman bin Abdurrahman bin Sa'id bin Ali bin Muhammad bin Hasan bin Umar Banahsan, a Hadhrami of Ba 'Alawi sada family. Uthman was then appointed as a military commander and religious advisor in the Sultanate. Six of their descendants from this marriage became Sultans, which was started since the seventh Sultan of Siak Indrapura (hence their names prefixed with word Syarif or Sayyid).[1][2]

The book of pedigree Shamsu al-Dzahirah, which is the book of the Ba 'Alawi sada genealogy authored by Sayyid Abdurahman bin Mohammed Al-Mashoor (mufti of Tarim), and several other books such as Shajarah al-Zakiyah written by Yusuf bin Abdullah Jamalullail and al-Mu'jam al-Latif li Asbab al-Alqab wa al-Kunya fi al-Nasab al-Sharif by Sayyid Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Shatri, discuss the family history of Siak Sultanate which many people mistakenly think as of the Shahab families. This has also been verified by the institution for that purpose, al-Rabithah al-Alawiyah. The last name Shahabuddin given to Usman bin Abdurrahman who was married to the daughter of the Sultan of Siak is actually just a title, as well as titles given to his grandchildren such as Syaifuddin, Khaliluddin, or Jalaluddin. Nevertheless, many descendants of Sayyid Usman bin Abdurrahman in Malaysia still use the Shahab title.[3]

The fifth in throne was Sultan Muhammad Ali Abdul Jalil Muazzam Shah (1780–1782). During his reign the Sultanate of Siak relocated to Senapelan (now Pekanbaru). He is also the founder of the city of Pekanbaru, so since his death in 1782 he was titled with title Marhum Pekan. Sultan Yahya Abdul Jalil Muzaffar Shah later took the position as the sixth sultan during 1782–1784. Like the previous sultan, Sultan Yahya also only had 2 years to rule. He died in 1784 and was posthumously granted the title Marhum Mangkat di Dungun.[1]

The seventh Sultan, Ali Abdul Jalil Syaifuddin Ba'alawi, was the first sultan of Arab descent and holds the title al-Sayyid Sharif. During his reign the Kingdom of Siak reached its peak. He died in 1810 and was posthumously granted the title Marhum Kota Tinggi.[1][4]

Ibrahim Abdul Jalil Khaliluddin was the eight sultan in the kingdom in 1810–1815, where his real name was Ibrahim. He died in 1815 and then was named the Marhum Mempura Kecil. He was then followed by Sultan Syarif Ismail Abdul Jalil Jalaluddin Ismail who took the reign during 1815–1854 which was given title Marhum Indrapura. He was then followed by the next sultan, Qasim Abdul Jalil Syaifuddin I (Sharif Qasim I, ruled in 1864 to 1889). He died in 1889 and was posthumously granted the title Marhum Mahkota. His son, Syarif Hashim Abdul Jalil Muzaffar Shah was then raised to the throne during period 1889–1908. During his rule, many buildings were constructed which now have become the evidence of the Kingdom of Siak. He died in 1908 and was posthumously granted the title Marhum Baginda.[1]

The last Sultan of Siak was Syarif Qasim Abdul Jalil Syaifuddin (Syarif Qasim II, who was in throne in 1915–1949). The sultan with real name Tengku Sulong went to the throne seven years after the death of his father Sultan Hashim. In November 1945, Sultan Syarif Qasim II sent a cable to President of the Republic of Indonesia declaring allegiance to the newly created Government of the Republic of Indonesia. Not only that, the Sultan also handed over his property for the struggle of independence of the Republic of Indonesia.[1]

List of Sultans of Siak

  1. Sultan Abdul Jalil Rahmad Shah I (1725–1746)
  2. Sultan Abdul Jalil Rahmad Shah II (1746–1765)
  3. Sultan Abdul Jalil Jalaluddin Shah (1765–1766)
  4. Sultan Abdul Jalil Alamuddin Shah (1766–1780)
  5. Sultan Muhammad Ali Abdul Jalil Muazzam Shah (1780–1782)
  6. Sultan Yahya Abdul Jalil Muzaffar Shah (17821784)
  7. Sultan al-Sayyid al-Sharif Ali Abdul Jalil Syaifuddin Ba'alawi (1784–1810)
  8. Sultan al-Sayyid al-Sharif Ibrahim Abdul Jalil Khaliluddin (1810–1815)
  9. Sultan al-Sayyid al-Sharif Ismail Abdul Jalil Jalaluddin (1815–1854)
  10. Sultan al-Sayyid al-Sharif Qasim Abdul Jalil Syaifuddin I (Syarif Qasim I, 1864–1889)
  11. Sultan al-Sayyid al-Sharif Hashim Abdul Jalil Muzaffar Shah (1889–1908)
  12. Sultan al-Sayyid al-Sharif Qasim Abdul Jalil Syaifudin II (Syarif Qasim II), (1915–1949)

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Provinsi Riau". Kementerian Dalam Negeri RI. Retrieved 14 September 2014.
  2. ↑ Aljunied, Zahra (24 June 2013). "The genealogy of the Hadhrami Arabs in Southeast Asia – the 'Alawi family" (PDF). National Library Board of Singapore. Retrieved 14 September 2014.
  3. ↑ "Kerajaan Siak: Assegaf, bin Shahab atau Banahsan" (in Indonesian). 17 May 2010. Retrieved 14 September 2014.
  4. ↑ Darmawi, Ahmad (1 November 2009). "Siak Sri Indrapura Dar al-Salam al-Qiyam". Retrieved 14 September 2014.

External links

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