Sumaco

Sumaco
Sumaco

Ecuador

Highest point
Elevation 3,990 m (13,090 ft) [1]
Coordinates 00°32′17″S 77°37′33″W / 0.53806°S 77.62583°W / -0.53806; -77.62583Coordinates: 00°32′17″S 77°37′33″W / 0.53806°S 77.62583°W / -0.53806; -77.62583 [1]
Geography
Location Ecuador
Geology
Mountain type Stratovolcano
Last eruption 1895 ± 30 years

Sumaco is a symmetrical, isolated stratovolcano, that is set off from the main Ecuador volcanic axis. Its rocks are very distinct from those from most Andean volcanoes because of its lack of andesitic composition, in favour of basanite and phonolitic rock. Sumaco is heavily forested and contains a small cone in its broad summit crater. An historical eruption occurred around 1895 (± 30 years).[1]

Ecology

Sumaco is isolated from the Cordillera Oriental by the lowland valley of the Cosanga and Quijos Rivers.[2] There are more than 6000 species of vascular plants, including more than 90 endemic species.[3] There are also a number of endemic animals, including toad Osornophryne sumacoensis only known from the eastern slopes of Sumaco,[4][5] and robber frog Pristimantis ernesti only known from the summit of Sumaco.[6][7]

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Sumaco". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
  2. ↑ Lee, T. E., Burneo, S. F., Marchán, M. R., Roussos, S. A., and Vizcarra-Váscomez, R. S. (2008). "The mammals of the temperate forests of Volcán Sumaco, Ecuador" (PDF). Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 276: 1–10.
  3. ↑ "Parque nacional Sumaco". Ministerio del Ambiente. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
  4. ↑ Coloma, L.A., Ron, S., Cisneros-Heredia, D. & Almandáriz, A. (2004). "Osornophryne sumacoensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
  5. ↑ Coloma, L. A., Páez-Moscoso, D., Frenkel, C., Félix-Novoa, C. y Quiguango-Ubillús, A. (2014). "Osornophryne sumacoensis". Ron, S. R., Guayasamin, J. M., Yanez-Muñoz, M. H., Merino-Viteri, A., Ortiz, D. A. y Nicolalde, D. A. 2014. AmphibiaWebEcuador. Version 2014.0. Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ). Retrieved 8 February 2015.
  6. ↑ Lynch, J., Coloma, L.A. & Ron, S. (2004). "Pristimantis ernesti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  7. ↑ Frenkel, C., Yánez-Muñoz, M. H., Guayasamín, J. M., Varela-Jaramillo, A. y Ron, S. R. 2013. AmphibiaWebEcuador. Version 2014.0. "Pristimantis ernesti". Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ). Retrieved 11 February 2015.



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