Suzdal

For other uses of "Suzdal", see Suzdal (disambiguation).
Suzdal (English)
Суздаль (Russian)
-  Town[1]  -


Domes of the Nativity of the Virgin Cathedral


Location of Vladimir Oblast in Russia
Suzdal
Location of Suzdal in Vladimir Oblast
Coordinates: 56°25′N 40°27′E / 56.417°N 40.450°E / 56.417; 40.450Coordinates: 56°25′N 40°27′E / 56.417°N 40.450°E / 56.417; 40.450
Coat of arms
Flag
Town Day 2nd Saturday of August[2]
Administrative status (as of September 2013)
Country Russia
Federal subject Vladimir Oblast[1]
Administrative district Suzdalsky District[1]
Administrative center of Suzdalsky District[1]
Municipal status (as of August 2009)
Municipal district Suzdalsky Municipal District[1]
Urban settlement Suzdal Urban Settlement[1]
Administrative center of Suzdalsky Municipal District,[1] Suzdal Urban Settlement[1]
Head of Town[3] Igor Kehter[3]
Statistics
Area 15 km2 (5.8 sq mi)[4]
Population (2010 Census) 10,535 inhabitants[5]
Population (2015 est.) 9,978 inhabitants[6]
Density 702/km2 (1,820/sq mi)[7]
Time zone MSK (UTC+03:00)[8]
Founded 1024[4]
Postal code(s)[9] 601291, 601293
Dialing code(s) +7 49231[8]
Official website
Suzdal on Wikimedia Commons
Suzdal population
2010 Census 10,535[5]
2002 Census 11,357[10]
1989 Census 12,063[11]
1979 Census 11,529[12]
Christmas in Suzdal

Suzdal (Russian: Суздаль; IPA: [ˈsuzdəlʲ]) is a town and the administrative center of Suzdalsky District in Vladimir Oblast, Russia, located on the Kamenka River, 26 kilometers (16 mi) north of the city of Vladimir, the administrative center of the oblast. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 10,535.[5]

Suzdal is one of the oldest Russian towns. In the 12th century it became the capital of the principality, with Moscow being merely one of its subordinate settlements. Nowadays Suzdal is the smallest of the Russian Golden Ring towns with population of just 9978 (2015),[6] but a major tourist attraction.[8] Several of its monuments are listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.[13][14]

History

Suzdal in 1912

The town's history dates back to 1024 and in 1125 Yury Dolgoruky made Suzdal the capital of the Rostov-Suzdal principality.[15] Suzdal began to function as a capital at the time when Moscow was still a cluster of cowsheds.[8] In 1157 Andrei Bogolyubsky moved the capital from Suzdal to Vladimir, from which time the principality was known as Vladimir-Suzdal. Set in a fertile wheat-growing area, Suzdal remained a trade centre even after Mongol-led invasions. Eventually, it united with Nizhny Novgorod until both were annexed by Moscow in 1392.[15]

After a decline in political importance, the town rose in prominence as a religious center with incredible development projects funded by Vasily III and Ivan the Terrible in the 16th century. In the late 17th and 18th centuries, wealthy merchants paid for 30 charming churches, which still adorn the town.[15] Thus Suzdal reached remarkable ratio of churches to citizens: at one point, forty churches for four hundred families.

In 1864, local merchants failed to coerce the government into building the Trans-Siberian Railway through their town. Instead it went through Vladimir, 35 km (22 mi) away. As a result, Suzdal was bypassed not only by trains, but by the 20th century altogether.[8] Furthermore, in 1967 Suzdal earned a federally protected status, which officially limited the development in the area.[15] That is why the place remains largely the same as ages ago – its cute wooden cottages mingling with golden cupolas that reflect in the river Kamenka, which meanders sleepily through gentle hills and flower-filled meadows.[8]

Today, the town operates as an important tourist center, featuring many fine examples of old Russian architecture—most of them churches and monasteries. Although having just under ten thousand residents, Suzdal still retains a rural look with streams and meadows everywhere and chicken and livestock a common sight on the streets, some of which remain unpaved. This juxtaposition of stunning medieval architecture with its pastoral setting lends Suzdal a picturesque charm and in the summer artists and easels are a common sight.[16]

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Suzdal serves as the administrative center of Suzdalsky District,[17] to which it is directly subordinated.[18] As a municipal division, the town of Suzdal is incorporated within Suzdalsky Municipal District as Suzdal Urban Settlement.[19]

Tourism

The only industry in the town is tourism. Suzdal avoided the industrialisation of the Soviet times and was able to preserve a great number of stunning examples of the Russian architecture of the XIII-XIX century. There are 305 monuments and listed buildings in Suzdal, including 30 churches, 14 bell towers and 5 monasteries and convents. 79 of them are federally protected buildings and 167 are regionally protected.[4]

In 1992 two of the monuments (Saviour Monastery of St Euthymius and Kremlin with Nativity of the Virgin Cathedral) were included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, together with six other White Monuments in this region.[13][14]

Suzdal kremlin at winter night
The Cathedral of Nativity

Monuments

Notable monuments in Suzdal
Name In Russian Construction period Photo
1. Kremlin Кремль 1635
2. Trading Arcades Торговые ряды 1806
3. Nativity of the Virgin Cathedral Богородице-Рождественский собор 1222-1225.
4. Assumption Church Успенская церковь 1719.
5. Resurrection Church Воскресенская церковь 1720
6. St Lazarus' Church Лазаревская церковь 1667
7. St Antipas Church Антипиевская церковь 1745
8. SS Boris & Gleb Church Борисоглебская церковь 1749(?)
9. St Elijah Church Ильинская церковь 1744
10. Church of Our Lady of Smolensk Смоленская церковь 1696-1706
11. Intercession Convent Покровский монастырь 1364
12. Alexandrovsky Convent Александровский монастырь 1240(?)
13. Saviour Monastery of St Euthymius Спасо-Евфимиев монастырь 1352
14. Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Saviour Спасо-Преображенский собор 1511-1594
15. Deposition Cathedral Ризоположенский монастырь 1207.
16. Palm Sunday Church Входо-Иерусалимская церковь 1702-1707
17. Emperor Constantine Church Царево-константиновская церковь 1707

Festivals

Infrastructure

There are four major hotels in Suzdal:[4]

There are also 50 guest-houses with a total number of 700 more rooms.[4] Thus Suzdal has developed an outstanding ratio of about 20 hotel rooms per 100 population (comparing to 0.2 rooms for Russia in general, or 1.6 rooms for USA).[23]

Suzdal has 13 restaurants (with 1429 seats), 10 cafes (305 seats), 11 bars and 73 souvenir shops.[4]

In 1982 Suzdal became the first Russian town to receive "La Pomme d'Or" ("The Golden Apple") - a prize for excellence in the tourism industry, awarded annually by the World Federation of Travel Journalists and Writers (FIJET).[24]

Film

More than 60 movies were filmed in Suzdal and the vicinity.[25] Among them:

According to local historian Yury Belov, in summer 1964 three different feature films (Metel, Zhenitba Balzaminova and Tsarskaya nevesta) were filmed in Suzdal at the same time.[25]

Twin towns

Suzdal is twinned with:

Notable people

Postal stamp on the occasion of 975 anniversary of Suzdal (1999) with monument to Dmitry Pozharsky and Saviour Monastery of St Euthymius

See also

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Устав муниципального образования город Суздаль Владимирской области" [Charter of the Town of Suzdal of Vladimir Region] (PDF). Official website of Suzdal (in Russian). Retrieved 2016-01-16.
  2. "Праздники в городе Суздаль" [Holidays in the Town of Suzdal]. Information portal "Town Day" (in Russian). Retrieved 2016-01-16.
  3. 1 2 "Глава города Суздаля" [Head of the Town of Suzdal]. Official website of Suzdal (in Russian). Retrieved 2016-01-16.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Характеристика города Суздаль" [Characteristic of the Town of Suzdal]. Official website of Suzdal (in Russian). Retrieved 2016-01-16.
  5. 1 2 3 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  6. 1 2 "Численность населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2015 года" [Population of the Russian Federation in 2015] (rar). Official website of the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (in Russian).
  7. The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ragozin, Leonid (Mar 2015). "Suzdal". In Richmond, Simon. Russia (7 ed.). Lonely Planet. ISBN 978-1-74220-733-9.
  9. Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
  10. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  11. Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  12. "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 г. Национальный состав населения по регионам России. (All Union Population Census of 1979. Ethnic composition of the population by regions of Russia.)". Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 года (All-Union Population Census of 1979) (in Russian). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1979. Retrieved 2008-11-25.
  13. 1 2 "White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal". UNESCO/World Heritage Convention.
  14. 1 2 "World Heritage List No.633 Vladimir/Suzdal. ICOMOS Evaluation" (PDF). UNESCO/World Heritage Convention. October 1992.
  15. 1 2 3 4 Vorhees, Mara (2006). "Suzdal". In Richmond, Simon. Russia & Belarus (4 ed.). Lonely Planet. ISBN 1-74104-291-7.
  16. Luxmoore, Matthew (2012-07-01). "Suzdal". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 2016-01-18.
  17. Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 17 254», в ред. изменения №259/2014 от 12 декабря 2014 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 17 254, as amended by the Amendment #259/2014 of December 12, 2014. ).
  18. Resolution #433
  19. Law #190-OZ
  20. Brumfield, William Craft (1997). Landmarks of Russian Architect: A Photographic Survey. Routledge. p. 60. ISBN 9056995367. Retrieved 2016-04-04.
  21. "Официальный веб-сайт Открытого Российского фестиваля анимационного кино" [Official website of Open Russian Festival of Animated Film] (in Russian).
  22. "'Cucumber Day' Celebrated in Russia". NBC News. 2015-07-16. Retrieved 2016-01-15.
  23. "The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2013" (PDF). 2013 World Economic Forum. p. 424. Retrieved 2016-04-04.
  24. "Golden Apple Award". Official website of the World Federation of Travel Journalists and Writers.
  25. 1 2 Belov, Yury (2006). В главной роли Суздаль [Starring Suzdal] (in Russian). Algoritm. ISBN 5-9265-0281-0.
  26. "Соглашение между городами Ротенбург об дер Таубер (ФРГ) и Суздаль (СССР)" [Agreement between Rothenburg ob der Tauber (FRG) and Suzdal (USSR)] (PDF). Official website of Suzdal (in Russian). 1988-04-24.
  27. "Соглашение между городами Клез (Италия) и Суздаль (Россия)" [Agreement between Cles (Italy) and Suzdal (Russia)] (PDF). Official website of Suzdal (in Russian). October 1991.
  28. "Oberlin's Connections Around the World". Oberlin: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow. USA.
  29. "Sister City - Suzdal, Russia". Official website of Windham, NH. USA.
  30. "Соглашение о дружбе и сотрудничестве между г.Суздалем (Россия) и г.Эвора (Португалия)" [Partnership agreement between Suzdal (Russia) and Évora (Portugal)] (PDF). Official website of Suzdal (in Russian). 2006-08-12.
  31. "Protocole d'accord de cooperation entre les municipalites de Souzdal et Loches" [Partnership agreement between Suzdal (Russia) and Loches (France)] (PDF). Official website of Suzdal (in French). 2011-12-15.
  32. "Соглашение о сотрудничестве между администрациями города Суздаля (РФ) и города Шанжао (КНР)" [Partnership agreement between Suzdal (Russia) and Shangrao (China)] (PDF). Official website of Suzdal (in Russian). 2012-09-10.

Sources

External links

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