Syodontinae

Syodontinae Temporal range: Middle Permian 267–260 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Synapsida
Order:	Therapsida
Suborder:	†Dinocephalia
Family:	†Anteosauridae
Subfamily:	†Syodontinae Ivakhnenko, 1994
Subgroups
†Australosyodon †Notosyodon †Pampaphoneus †Syodon

Syodontinae is a group of dinocephalian therapsids. It is one of two subfamilies in the family Anteosauridae, the other being Anteosaurinae.^[1] They are known from the Middle Permian Period of what is now Russia and South Africa. One of the best known syodontines is Syodon from Russia. The South African form Australosyodon, is one of the earliest known Gondwanan anteosaurs.

Description

Syodontines lack the boss on the lower jaw that characterises the related anteosaurines, and they have often been considered more primitive in this respect.

Classification

Below is a cladogram showing syodontine relationships from a 2012 phylogenetic study of anteosaurians:^[2]

Therapsida	Biarmosuchus tener Dinocephalia Estemmenosuchus uralensis Ulemosaurus svijagensis Tapinocaninus pamelae Anteosauridae Archaeosyodon praeventor Anteosaurinae Sinophoneus yumenensis Titanophoneus adamanteus Titanophoneus potens Anteosaurus magnificus Syodontinae Pampaphoneus biccai Notosyodon gusevi Syodon biarmicum Australosyodon nyaphuli

References

1. Kammerer, C.F. (2011). "Systematics of the Anteosauria (Therapsida: Dinocephalia)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 9 (2). doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.492645.
2. Cisneros, J.C.; Abdala, F.; Atayman-Güven, S.; Rubidge, B.S.; Şengör, A.M.C.; Schultz, C.L. (2012). "Carnivorous dinocephalian from the Middle Permian of Brazil and tetrapod dispersal in Pangaea". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109 (5): 1584–1588. doi:10.1073/pnas.1115975109.