Téméraire-class ship of the line

Scale model of Achille, a typical French seventy-four of the Téméraire class at the beginning of the 19th century.
Class overview
Name:	Téméraire
Builders:	Toulon, Rochefort, Brest, Lorient, Antwerp, Genoa, Amsterdam, Cherbourg, Flushing, Venice
Operators:	French Navy  Royal Navy  Spanish Navy  Royal Netherlands Navy
Preceded by:	Centaure class
Succeeded by:	Tonnant class
Subclasses:	Téméraire (18 ships) Duquesne (46 ships) Danube (26 ships) Cassard (Large variant - 2 ships) Suffren (Short variant - 3 ships) Pluton (Small variant - 25 ships)
In commission:	1782 (Téméraire)–1862 (Couronne)
Planned:	120
Completed:	107
Cancelled:	13
General characteristics
Type:	Ship of the line
Displacement:	2,900 tonnes
Length:	55.87 metres (183.3 ft) (172 pied)
Beam:	14.90 metres (48 ft 11 in) (44.5 pied)
Draught:	7.26 metres (23.8 ft) (22 pied)
Propulsion:	Up to 2,485 m^2 (26,750 sq ft) of sails
Complement:	700 men
Armament:	Main deck: 28 × 36-pounder (French units of weight) (16 kg) Upper deck: 30 × 18-pounders; two ships were fitted with 24-pounders instead of 18-pounders on this deck (see 'Large Variant' below) Forecastle and sterncastle: 16 × 8-pounders 4 × 36 pdr (16 kg) carronades

The Téméraire-class ships of the line were class of 120 74-gun ships of the line ordered between 1782 and 1813 for the French navy or its attached navies in dependent (French-occupied) territories. Although a few of these were cancelled, the type was and remains the most numerous class of capital ship ever built.

The class was designed by Jacques-Noël Sané as part of the fleet expansion programme instituted by Jean-Charles de Borda.

The design was appreciated in Britain, which eagerly commissioned captured ships and even copied the design with the Pompée and America class.

Variants from basic design

While all the French 74-gun ships from the mid-1780s until the close of the Napoleonic Wars were to the Téméraire design, there were three variants of the basic design which Sané developed with the same hull form of Téméraire. In 1793 two ships were laid down at Brest to an enlarged design; in 1801 two ships were commenced at Lorient with a slightly shorter length than the standard design (with a third ship commenced at Brest but never completed); and in 1803 two ships were commenced at Toulon to a smaller version (many more ships to this 'small(er) model' were then built in the shipyards controlled by France in Italy and the Netherlands) - these are detailed separately below.

Ships in class

Téméraire group (18 ships)

• Téméraire

Builder: Brest shipyard

Ordered:

Laid down: May 1782

Launched: 17 December 1782

Completed: July 1783

Fate: Condemned, November 1801. Broken up, 1803. ^[1]

• Audacieux

Builder: Lorient shipyard

Ordered:

Laid down: July 1782

Launched: 28 October 1784

Completed: 1785

Fate: Condemned, November 1802. Broken up, 1803. ^[2]

• Superbe

Builder: Brest shipyard

Ordered:

Laid down: July 1782

Launched: 11 November 1784

Completed: 1785

Fate: Wrecked off Brest, 30 January 1795. ^[3]

• Généreux

Builder: Rochefort shipyard

Ordered:

Laid down: July 1782

Launched: 21 June 1785

Completed: October 1785

Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy at Toulon in August 1793, but retaken by the French in December 1793; captured again by the Royal Navy in February 1800 and served as HMS Généreux. Broken up in 1816. ^[4]

• Commerce de Bordeaux, renamed Bonnet Rouge in January 1794 and then Timoléon in February 1794.

Builder: Toulon shipyard

Ordered:

Laid down: September 1784

Launched: 15 September 1785

Completed: 1786 or 1787

Fate: Destroyed in action at the Battle of the Nile, August 1798. ^[5]

• Ferme, renamed Phocion in October 1792.

Builder: Brest shipyard

Ordered:

Laid down: December 1784

Launched: 16 September 1785

Completed: 1786

Fate: Surrendered to Spain by her officers at Trinidad in January 1793. ^[6]

• Fougueux

Builder: Lorient shipyard

Ordered:

Laid down: August 1782, but work stopped in February 1783 and she was demolished.

Re-laid down: November 1784

Launched: 19 September 1785

Completed: late 1785

Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy at Trafalgar on 21 October 1805, and subsequently wrecked. ^[7]

• Patriote

Builder: Brest shipyard

Ordered:

Laid down: September 1784

Launched: 3 October 1785

Completed: April 1786

Fate: Condemned in May 1820 and became Pontoon No.4 in April 1821.^{[note 1]} Broken up at Rochefort in late 1832. ^[8]

• Commerce de Marseille, renamed Lys in July 1786 and then Tricolore in October 1792.

Builder: Toulon shipyard

Ordered:

Laid down: September 1784

Launched: 7 October 1785

Completed: September 1787

Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy at Toulon in August 1793, then destroyed during the Siege of Toulon in December 1793. ^{[9] [10]}

• Borée, renamed Ça Ira in April 1794 and then Agricola in June 1794.

Builder: Lorient shipyard

Ordered:

Laid down: January 1783, but work stopped in February 1783 and she was demolished.

Re-laid down: November 1784

Launched: 17 November 1785

Completed: August 1787

Fate: Broken up at Rochefort, 1803. ^[11]

• Orion, renamed Mucius Scaevola in November 1793, then Mucius in same month.

Builder: Rochefort shipyard

Ordered:

Laid down: October 1784

Launched: 18 April 1787

Completed: 1788

Fate: Condemned 1802, and broken up 1803-04. ^[12]

• Léopard

Builder: Brest shipyard

Ordered:

Begun: October 1785

Launched: 22 June 1787

Completed: July 1787

Fate: Wrecked and then burnt, February 1793. ^[13]

• Entreprenant

Builder: Lorient shipyard

Ordered:

Begun: May 1786

Launched: 11 October 1787

Completed: 1788

Fate: Broken up, 1803. ^[14]

• Impétueux

Builder: Rochefort shipyard

Ordered:

Begun: July 1786

Launched: 25 October 1787

Completed: 1788

Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy, 1 June 1794. Accidentally destroyed by fire, 24 August 1794. ^[15]

• Apollon, renamed Gasparin in February 1794, reverted to Apollon in May 1794; renamed Marceau in December 1797.

Builder: Rochefort shipyard

Ordered:

Begun: April 1787

Launched: 21 May 1788

Completed: 1788

Fate: Broken up, 1798. ^[16]

• América

Builder: Brest shipyard

Ordered:

Begun: end 1786

Launched: 21 May 1788

Completed: 1789

Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy, 1 June 1794, and served as HMS Impétueux. Broken up, 1813. ^[17]

• Duguay-Trouin

Builder: Brest shipyard

Ordered:

Begun: End 1786

Launched: 30 October 1788

Completed: July 1790

Fate: Destroyed during the Siege of Toulon, December 1793. ^[18]

• Aquilon

Builder: Rochefort shipyard

Ordered:

Begun: September 1787

Launched: 8 June 1789

Completed: June 1790

Fate: Captured by Britain during the Battle of the Nile on 2 August 1798. Served as HMS Aboukir until broken up in Plymouth in 1802. ^[19]

Duquesne group (46 ships)

• Duquesne

Builder: Toulon shipyard

Ordered:

Begun: August 1787

Launched: 2 September 1788

Completed: 1789

Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy on 24 July 1803, and served as HMS Duquesne. Broken up in 1805.

• Tourville

Builder: Lorient shipyard

Ordered:

Begun: June 1787

Launched: 16 December 1788

Completed: July 1790

Decommissioned: 26 October 1833

Fate: Broken up at Brest, 1841.

• Éole

Builder: Lorient shipyard

Ordered:

Begun: June 1787

Launched: 15 November 1789

Completed: August 1790

Fate: Broken up in Baltimore, 1816.

• Jupiter, renamed Montagnard in March 1794, Démocrate on 18 May 1795, then back to Jupiter again on 30 May 1795, and to Batave in December 1797.

Builder: Brest shipyard

Ordered: 19 August 1787

Begun: June 1788

Launched: 4 November 1789

Completed: October 1790

Fate: Broken up in Brest, 1807.

• Vengeur

Builder: Brest shipyard

Ordered:

Begun: 23 May 1788

Launched: 16 December 1789

Completed: August 1790

Fate: Ran aground, 12 December 1792. Abandoned, and finally sank, 8 June 1793.

• Jean Bart

Builder: Lorient shipyard

Ordered:

Launched: 7 November 1790

Fate: Wrecked at the Battle of the Basque Roads on 26 February 1809, hull burnt by the British in April.

• Scipion

Builder: Toulon shipyard

Ordered:

Launched: 30 July 1790

Fate: Captured by the British at Toulon in August 1793, commissioned with a crew of French Royalist rebels under British command, burnt by accident at Livorno on 28 November 1793.^[20]

• Thésée, renamed Révolution on 7 January 1793, then Finisterre on 5 February 1803.

Builder: Rochefort shipyard

Ordered:

Launched: 14 April 1790

Fate: Broken up, 1816.

• Pyrrhus, renamed Mont-Blanc in 1793, and Trente-et-un Mai in 1794. Renamed Républicain in 1795, then Mont-Blanc again in 1796.

Builder: Rochefort shipyard

Ordered:

Launched:

Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy during the Battle of Cape Ortegal, 4 November 1805. Served as HMS Mont Blanc. Used as a gunpowder hulk from 1811, and sold in 1819.

• Suffren, renamed Redoutable, May 1794.

Builder: Brest shipyard

Ordered:

Launched: 31 May 1791

Fate: Participated in the Battle of Trafalgar, taken by the British, foundered two days later, 22 October 1805.

• Thémistocle

Builder: Lorient shipyard

Ordered:

Launched: 1791

Fate: Burnt by the Royal Navy at the Siege of Toulon, 18 December 1793.^[21]

• Trajan, renamed Gaulois.

Builder: Lorient shipyard

Ordered:

Launched: 24 January 1792

Fate: Decommissioned, June 1802. Broken up, 1805.

• Nestor, renamed Cisalpin in 1797, and Aquilon in 1803.

Builder: Brest

Ordered:

Launched: 1794

Fate: Grounded and burnt at the Battle of the Basque Roads, April 1809

• Pompée

Builder: Toulon shipyard

Ordered:

Launched:28 May 1791

Fate: Captured at Toulon by the Royal Navy, 29 August 1793. Served as HMS Pompee. Converted to prison hulk at Portsmouth, 1816. Broken up, January 1817.

• Tigre

Builder: Brest

Ordered:

Launched: 8 May 1793

Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy during the Battle of Groix, 23 June 1795. Served as HMS Tigre. Broken up, June 1817.

• Tyrannicide, renamed Desaix in August 1800.

Builder: Lorient

Ordered:

Launched: 1793

Fate: Wrecked at Saint-Domingue, January 1802.

• Barra, renamed Pégase in 1795, and Hoche in 1797.

Builder:

Ordered:

Launched:

Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy on 12 October 1798. Served as HMS Donegal. Broken up, 1845.

Battle between the French warship Droits de l'Homme and the British frigates Amazon and Indefatigable, 13 & 14 January 1797. (Indefatigable on the left, Droits de l'Homme at the centre, Amazon on the right.)

• Droits de l'Homme

Builder: Lorient shipyard

Ordered:

Launched: 29 May 1794

Fate: Driven ashore by HMS Amazon and Indefatigable and wrecked on 14 January 1797.

• Jemmapes

Builder: Rochefort

Ordered:

Launched: 22 January 1794

Fate: Decommissioned, May 1820.

• Lion, renamed Marat in 1794, Formidable in May 1795.

Builder: Rochefort shipyard

Ordered:

Launched: 29 April 1794

Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy at the Battle of Groix, 23 June 1795, served as HMS Belleisle. Broken up in 1814.

• Wattignies

Builder: Lorient

Ordered: 3 July 1793

Launched: 1794

Fate: Scrapped, 1808.

• Cassard, renamed Dix-août in 1798, Brave in February 1803.

Builder: Lorient

Ordered: 16 February 1793

Launched: 2 May 1795

Fate: Captured by HMS Donegal during the Battle of San Domingo, 6 February 1806. Foundered, 12 April 1806.

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau, renamed Marengo on 2 December 1802.

Builder: Toulon

Ordered:

Launched: 21 July 1795

Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy in the Action of 13 March 1806, and served as HMS Marengo until broken up 1816.

• Viala, renamed Voltaire in 1795, Constitution in 1795, and Jupiter in 1803.

Builder: Lorient

Ordered:

Launched: 1795

Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy during the Battle of San Domingo, 6 February 1806, and served as HMS Maida. Sold for breaking up, 1814.

Fight of the Poursuivante against the British ship HMS Hercules, 28 June 1803.

• Hercule

Builder: Lorient

Ordered:

Launched: 5 December 1797

Fate: Captured by HMS Mars during the Battle of the Raz de Sein on 21 April 1798, and served as HMS Hercules. Broken up in December 1810.

• Spartiate

Builder: Toulon

Ordered:

Launched: 1797

Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy during the Battle of the Nile, 2 August 1798. Served as HMS Spartiate. Broken up, 1857.

• Argonaute

Builder: Lorient

Ordered:

Launched: 22 December 1798

Fate: Exchanged with Spain, 1806.

• Quatorze Juillet

Builder: Lorient

Ordered:

Launched: 1 February 1798

Fate: Destroyed by accidental fire before being commissioned.

• Brutus, renamed Impétueux in February 1803.

Builder: Lorient

Ordered: 31 May 1798

Begun: August 1798

Launched: 24 January 1803

Completed: March 1803

Fate: Beached and set ablaze by the British in the Chesapeake, 14 September 1806.

• Union, renamed Diomède in 1803.

Builder: Lorient

Ordered:

Launched: 1799

Fate: Ran aground and wrecked during the Battle of San Domingo, 6 February 1806. Burnt by the Royal Navy, 8 February 1806.

• Aigle

Builder: Rochefort

Ordered:

Launched: 1800

Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy at Trafalgar on 21 October 1805. Retaken by her crew on 22 October 1805, but sank in a heavy storm the next day.

• Duguay-Trouin (ii)

Builder: Rochefort

Ordered:

Launched: 24 March 1800

Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy in the Battle of Cape Ortegal, 4 November 1805, and served as HMS Implacable. Renamed HMS Foudroyant, 1943. Scuttled, 2 December 1949.

• Héros

Builder: Rochefort

Ordered:

Launched: 1801

Fate: Captured by Spain at Cadiz, June 1808.

• Scipion (ii)

Builder: Lorient

Ordered:

Launched: 1798

Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy at the Battle of Cape Ortegal, 4 November 1805. Served as HMS Scipion until broken up in January 1819.

• Magnanime

Builder: Rochefort

Ordered:

Launched: 18 August 1803

Fate: Decommissioned, 1816.

• Achille

Builder: Rochefort

Ordered:

Launched: November 1804

Fate: Sunk at the battle of Trafalgar, 22 October 1805.

• Lion

Builder: Rochefort

Ordered:

Launched: 12 January 1804

Fate: Ran aground and burnt, 26 October 1809.

• Régulus

Builder: Lorient

Ordered:

Launched: 12 April 1805

Fate: Burnt by crew to avoid capture, 7 April 1814.

• Ajax

Builder: Rochefort

Ordered:

Launched: 17 June 1806

Fate: Decommissioned, 1816.^[22]

• Courageux

Builder: Lorient

Ordered:

Launched: 3 February 1806

Fate: Broken up, 1831.

• Hautpoult

Builder: Lorient

Ordered:

Launched: 2 September 1807

Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy on 17 April 1809 during Troude's expedition to the Caribbean. Served as HMS Abercrombie. Sold, 1817.

Stern of a model of the Triomphant

• Triomphant

Builder: Rochefort

Ordered:

Launched: 1809

Fate: Hulked, 1828.

Danube Group (26 ships)

• Polonais, renamed Lys in April 1814, reverted to Polonais from March until July 1815, then Lys again.

Builder: Lorient

Ordered:

Begun: August 1805

Launched: 25 May 1808

Completed: October 1808

Fate: Broken up at Brest, 1825.

• Tonnerre, renamed, Quatorze Juillet in 1795, but launched under her original name.

Builder: Brest

Ordered:

Begun: 16 April 1794

Launched: 9 June 1808

Completed: September 1808

Fate: Wrecked during the Battle of the Basque Roads on 12 April 1809, and burned by her crew to avoid capture.

• Triomphant

Builder: Rochefort

Ordered:1804

Launched:1809

Fate: Converted to a pontoon, 1828.^{[note 1]}

• Danube

Builder: Toulon

Ordered:

Begun: June 1807

Launched: 27 December 1808

Completed: August 1809

Fate: Converted to a pontoon, 1828.^{[note 1]}

• Ulm

Builder: Rochefort

Ordered:

Launched: 25 May 1809

Fate: Converted to a pontoon, 1822.^{[note 1]}

• Golymin

Builder: Lorient

Ordered:

Launched: 8 December 1809

Fate: Wrecked off Brest, 23 March 1814.

• Nestor (ii)

Builder: Brest

Ordered:

Launched: 1810

Fate: Struck, 1849

• Marengo, renamed Pluton in 1866.

Builder: Lorient

Ordered:

Launched: 12 October 1810

Fate: Struck, 21 July 1858. Prison hulk from 1860 to 1865. Broken up in 1873.

• Trident

Builder: Toulon

Ordered:

Launched: 9 June 1811

Fate: Struck, 24 November 1857. Used as a barracks hulk from 1857 to 1869. Broken up in 1879.

• Trajan

Builder: Antwerp

Ordered:

Launched: 1811

Fate: Struck, 1826.

• Agamemnon, razeed and renamed Amphitrite in 1823.

Builder: Genoa

Ordered:

Launched: 1812

Fate: Converted to a pontoon, 1836.^{[note 1]}

• Gaulois

Builder: Antwerp

Ordered:

Launched: 1812

Fate: Converted to a pontoon, 1826.^{[note 1]} Broken up, 1831.

• Romulus, razeed and renamed Guerrière in 1821.

Builder: Toulon

Ordered:

Launched: 1812

Fate: Broken up, 1840.

• Ville de Marseille

Builder: Toulon

Ordered:

Launched: 15 August 1812

Fate: Struck, 22 June 1858, and used as a barracks hulk. Broken up in Toulon, 1877.

• Scipion (ii)

Builder: Genoa

Ordered:

Launched: 1813

Fate: Struck, 1846.

• Orion (ii)

Builder: Brest

Ordered:

Launched: 1813

Fate: Scrapped, 1841.

• Duguay-Trouin (ii)

Builder: Cherbourg

Ordered:

Launched: 1813

Fate: Struck, and used as a floating magazine from 1824.

• Colosse, razeed and renamed Pallas in 1821.

Builder: Toulon

Ordered:

Launched: 5 December 1812

Fate: Struck, 1831. Broken up, 1840.

• Superbe (ii)

Builder: Antwerp

Ordered:

Begun: December 1808

Launched: 5 July 1814

Completed: September 1814

Fate: Lost, 1833.

• Brillant

Builder: Genoa

Ordered:

Begun: February 1812. Captured by the British, 18 April 1814.

Launched: 18 April 1815 for the British Navy as HMS Genoa

Completed: 1815

Fate: Broken up at Plymouth, 1838.

• Hercule (ii), renamed Provence in July 1815, then Alger in July 1830.

Builder: Toulon

Ordered:

Begun: September 1812

Launched: 26 May 1815

Completed: August 1815

Fate: Struck, 31 December 1855, and used as a hospital ship. Broken up, 1881.

• Duc de Berry, renamed Glorieux before launch, Minerve in 1834, Aber Wrac'h in 1865.

Builder: Rochefort

Ordered:

Begun: January 1812

Launched: 18 June 1818

Completed: July 1818

Fate: Razeed to 58-gun frigate during 1831-34. Struck, and converted to a pontoon, 1853.^{[note 1]} Broken up, 1874.

• Jean Bart (ii)

Builder: Lorient-Caudan

Ordered:

Begun: July 1811

Launched: 25 August 1820

Completed: December 1820

Fate: Broken up, 1833

• Triton

Builder: Rochefort

Ordered:

Begun: April 1813

Launched: 22 September 1823

Completed: December 1824

Fate: Converted to a pontoon, 1852.^{[note 1]} Broken up, 1870.

• Couronne (ii), renamed Duperré in December 1849.

Builder: Brest

Ordered:

Begun: October 1813

Launched: 26 August 1824

Completed: 1825

Fate: Broken up, 1870.

• Généreux (ii)

Builder: Cherbourg

Ordered:

Begun: July 1813

Launched: 23 September 1831

Completed: 1832

Fate: Broken up, 1865.

Three further ships to this design were begun at Castellammare di Stabia for the "puppet" Neapolitan Navy of Joachim Murat:

• Capri

Begun: end 1808

Launched: 21 August 1810

Completed: January 1812

Fate: Out of service 1847, and broken up.

• Gioacchino

Begun: September 1810

Launched: 1 August 1812

Completed: May 1813

Fate: Damaged by fire, 10 May 1820. Sold for breaking up, 1821.

• The third ship, laid down in September 1812, was never named, let alone launched, as its construction was abandoned following the defection of the Kingdom of Naples from the Napoleonic cause in November 1813.

Large Variant (Cassard group - 2 ships launched)

Two ships were laid down in 1793-94 at Brest to a variant of Sané's design with the aim of carrying 24-pounder guns on the upper deck instead of the 18-pounders carried by the Téméraire. These ships were 2 feet longer than the standard 74s, and half a foot wider. The first was begun as the Lion, but was renamed Glorieux in 1795 and Cassard in 1798. The second was begun as the Magnanime, but was renamed Quatorze Juillet in 1798 and Vétéran in 1802. Unlike the main sequence, construction proceeded slowly. By 1816 the 24-pounders aboard these two ships had been replaced by 18-pounders, and no further ships to this variant design were produced, so indicating that it was not judged successful.

• Vétéran

Builder: Brest shipyard

Begun: November 1794

Launched: 18 July 1803

Completed: December 1803

Fate: Condemned, 1833.

• Cassard

Builder: Brest shipyard

Begun: August 1793

Launched: 24 September 1803

Completed: December 1803

Fate: Condemned, 1818.

Short Variant (Suffren group - 2 ships launched)

Two ships were begun in 1801 to a variation of the standard Téméraire design by Sané to meet the demands of Pierre-Alexandre Forfait. The length of these ships were reduced by 65 cm from the standard design. A third ship to this variant design begun at Brest was cancelled in 1804. After Forfait left the Ministry of the Marine in October 1801, no further vessels were ordered to this variant design.

• Suffren

Builder: Lorient shipyard

Begun: August 1801

Launched: 17 September 1803

Completed: October 1803

Fate: Condemned, 1815.

• Algésiras

Builder: Lorient shipyard

Begun: August 1801

Launched: 8 July 1804

Completed: September 1804

Fate: Captured by the British at Trafalgar in 1805, but retaken. Captured by Spain at Cadiz, June 1808.

• Pacificateur

Builder: Brest shipyard

Begun: May 1801

Launched: Never launched

Completed: -

Fate: Cancelled, February 1804.

Small Variant (Pluton group - 24 ships launched)

Rivoli, fitted with the camels that allowed her to cross the shallow banks before Venice harbour.

Starting with the prototypes Pluton and Borée in 1803, a smaller version of the Téméraire class, officially named petit modèle, was designed by Jacques-Noël Sané to be produced in shipyards having a lesser depth of water than the principal French shipyards, primarily those in neighbouring states under French control and in foreign ports which had been absorbed into the French Empire such as Antwerp. The revised design measured 177 feet 7 inches on the waterline, 180 feet 1 inch on the deck, and 46 feet 11 inches moulded breadth. The depth of hull was 9 inches less than that in the "regular" Téméraire design.

• Pluton

Builder: Toulon shipyard

Ordered: June 1803

Laid down: August 1803

Launched: 17 January 1805

Completed: March 1805.

Fate: Captured by the Spanish at Cadiz in June 1808.

• Borée

Builder: Toulon shipyard

Ordered: June 1803

Laid down: August 1803

Launched: 27 June 1805

Completed: August 1805

Fate: Condemned at Toulon in 1827.

• Two more 74s to the "petit modèle" design were ordered in June 1803, one at Marseille and the other at Bordeaux, but these were not built.
• Génois

Builder: Genoa shipyard

Ordered:

Laid down: July 1803

Launched: 17 August 1805

Completed: November 1805

Fate: Condemned at Rochefort in August 1821, and broken up there by October 1821.

• Royal Hollandais

Builder: Flushing shipyard

Ordered:

Launched:

Fate: Captured on the stocks after the fall of Flushing during the Walcheren Campaign in 1809. Frames taken to England, where she was assembled and launched as HMS Chatham in 1812.

• Commerce de Lyon

Builder: Antwerp shipyard

Ordered:

Laid down: November 1803

Launched: 9 April 1807

Completed: March 1808

Fate: Condemned at Brest in February 1819, and broken up there in December 1819.

• Charlemagne

Builder: Antwerp shipyard

Ordered:

Laid down: April 1804

Launched: 8 April 1807

Completed: March 1808

Fate: Ceded to the new Dutch Navy, 1 August 1814, renamed Nassau.

• Anversois, renamed Éole in August 1814, then Anversois in March 1815 and back to Éole in July 1815.

Builder: Antwerp shipyard

Ordered:

Laid down: June 1804

Launched: 7 June 1807

Completed: March 1808

Fate: Condemned at Brest in February 1819 and broken up there in December 1819.

• Duguesclin

Builder: Antwerp shipyard

Ordered:

Laid down: July 1804

Launched: 20 June 1807

Completed: March 1808

Fate: Condemned at Lorient in June 1818, and broken up there in January 1820.

• César

Builder: Antwerp shipyard

Ordered:

Launched: 1807

Fate:

• Ville de Berlin, renamed Thésée before launch, renamed Atlas after 1814.

Builder: Antwerp shipyard

Ordered:

Launched: 1807

Fate: Condemned 1819, hulked.

• Pultusk, originally Audacieux, renamed before launch.

Builder: Antwerp shipyard

Ordered:

Launched: 1807

Fate:

• Dantzig, named Illustre before launching, and renamed Achille in 1814 during the First Restoration. In 1815, during the Hundred Days, reverted to Dantzig, but returned to Achille on the Second Restoration.

Builder: Antwerp shipyard

Ordered:

Launched: 1807

Fate: Struck, 1815.

• Albanais

Builder: Antwerp shipyard

Ordered:

Begun: April 1807

Launched: 2 October 1808

Completed: April 1809

Fate: Struck, 1814.

• Breslaw (originally named Superbe, but renamed before launching)

Builder: Genoa shipyard

Ordered: January 1806

Launched: 3 May 1808

Completed: August 1808

Fate: Struck, 1836.

• Dalmate, renamed Hector in 1814 during the First Restoration. In 1815, during the Hundred Days, reverted to Dalmate, but returned to Hector on the Second Restoration.

Builder: Antwerp shipyard

Ordered:

Begun: August 1806

Launched: 21 August 1808

Completed: April 1809

Fate: Struck, 1819.

• Rivoli

Builder: Venice shipyard

Ordered:

Launched: 6 September 1810

Fate: Captured by HMS Victorious in the Action of 22 February 1812. Served as HMS Rivoli until broken up in 1819.

• Montebello

Builder: Venice shipyard

Ordered:

Launched: not launched

Fate:

• Mont Saint-Bernard

Builder: Venice shipyard

Ordered:

Launched: 1811

Fate: Struck, 1814.

• Régénérateur

Builder: Venice shipyard

Ordered:

Launched: 1811

Fate: Struck, 1814.

• Audacieux

Builder: Amsterdam shipyard

Ordered:

Launched: 1815

Fate: Abandoned in 1813, completed by the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.

• Castiglione

Builder: Venice shipyard

Ordered:

Launched: 1812

Fate: Struck, 1814.

• Polyphème

Builder: Amsterdam shipyard

Ordered:

Launched: July 1817

Fate: Abandoned in 1813, completed by the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.

• Royal Italien

Builder: Venice shipyard

Ordered:

Launched: 1812

Fate: Struck, 1814.

• Couronne

Builder: Amsterdam shipyard

Ordered:

Launched: 1817

Fate: Abandoned in 1813, completed by the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.

• Piet Hein

Builder: Rotterdam shipyard

Ordered:

Launched: 1817

Fate: Abandoned in 1813, completed by the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.

• Montenotte

Builder: Venice shipyard

Ordered:

Launched: 1815

Fate: Completed by Lombardy–Venetia.

• Arcole

Builder: Venice shipyard

Ordered:

Launched: not launched

Fate: Cancelled.

• Lombardo

Builder: Venice shipyard

Ordered:

Launched: not launched

Fate: Cancelled.

• Semmering

Builder: Venice shipyard

Ordered:

Launched: not launched

Fate: Cancelled.

• Citoyen

Builder: Trieste shipyard

Ordered: December 1811

Launched: not launched

Fate: Cancelled, 1812.

See also

• French ship Téméraire for a list of ships so named in the French Navy

Notes, citations, and references

Notes

1. Note: The French Ponton can mean a floating walkway, dock, barge, or ship used for storage, accommodation, or even as a prison hulk.

Citations

1. Roche, vol.1, p.432
2. Roche, vol.1, p.56
3. Roche, vol.1, p.426
4. Roche, vol.1, p.222-223
5. Roche, vol.1, p.122
6. Roche, vol.1, p.198
7. Roche, vol.1, p.212
8. Roche, vol.1, p.343
9. Roche, vol.1, p.122
10. Roche, vol.1, p.290
11. Roche, vol.1, p.79
12. Roche, vol.1, p.336
13. Roche, vol.1, p.278
14. Roche, vol.1, p.176
15. Roche, vol.1, p.251-252
16. Roche, vol.1, p.44
17. Roche, vol.1, p.38
18. Roche, vol.1, p.161
19. Roche, vol.1, p.45
20. Roche, vol.1, p.408
21. Roche, vol.1, p.435
22. Roche, vol.1, p.29

References

• Roche, Jean-Michel (2005). Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours 1 1671 - 1870. ISBN 978-2-9525917-0-6. OCLC 165892922.

External links

• Le Redoutable
• La Ville de Marseille