TAC1

Tachykinin, precursor 1
PDB rendering based on 2b19.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 2B19​, 2KS9​, 2KSA​, 2KSB​, 4HOM​
Identifiers
Symbols	TAC1 ; Hs.2563; NK2; NKNA; NPK; TAC2
External IDs	OMIM: 162320 MGI: 98474 HomoloGene: 2394 GeneCards: TAC1 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • receptor binding • protein binding • substance P receptor binding Cellular component • extracellular region • extracellular space • cytosol • plasma membrane • axon • neuronal cell body Biological process • positive regulation of acute inflammatory response • inflammatory response • positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration • tachykinin receptor signaling pathway • neuropeptide signaling pathway • cell-cell signaling • synaptic transmission • insemination • long-term memory • regulation of blood pressure • associative learning • detection of abiotic stimulus • response to hormone • negative regulation of heart rate • positive regulation of epithelial cell migration • sensory perception of pain • positive regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic • positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic • response to lipopolysaccharide • positive regulation of renal sodium excretion • response to morphine • positive regulation of action potential • positive regulation of ossification • positive regulation of saliva secretion • response to pain • positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation • positive regulation of stress fiber assembly • positive regulation of corticosterone secretion Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	6863	21333
Ensembl	ENSG00000006128	ENSMUSG00000061762
UniProt	P20366	P41539
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_003182	NM_009311
RefSeq (protein)	NP_003173	NP_033337
Location (UCSC)	Chr 7: 97.73 – 97.74 Mb	Chr 6: 7.55 – 7.57 Mb
PubMed search

Protachykinin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAC1 gene.^[1][2]

This gene encodes four products of the tachykinin peptide hormone family, substance P and neurokinin A, as well as the related peptides, neuropeptide K and neuropeptide gamma. These hormones are thought to function as neurotransmitters which interact with nerve receptors and smooth muscle cells. They are known to induce behavioral responses and function as vasodilators and secretagogues. Alternative splicing of exons 4 and/or 6 produces four known products of undetermined significance.^[2]

References

1. Chiwakata C, Brackmann B, Hunt N, Davidoff M, Schulze W, Ivell R (May 1991). "Tachykinin (substance-P) gene expression in Leydig cells of the human and mouse testis". Endocrinology 128 (5): 2441–8. doi:10.1210/endo-128-5-2441. PMID 1708336.
2. "Entrez Gene: TAC1 tachykinin, precursor 1 (substance K, substance P, neurokinin 1, neurokinin 2, neuromedin L, neurokinin alpha, neuropeptide K, neuropeptide gamma)".

Further reading

• Kowall NW, Quigley BJ, Krause JE, et al. (1993). "Substance P and substance P receptor histochemistry in human neurodegenerative diseases.". Regul. Pept. 46 (1-2): 174–85. doi:10.1016/0167-0115(93)90028-7. PMID 7692486.
• Advenier C, Lagente V, Boichot E (1997). "The role of tachykinin receptor antagonists in the prevention of bronchial hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation and cough.". Eur. Respir. J. 10 (8): 1892–906. doi:10.1183/09031936.97.10081892. PMID 9272936.
• Rameshwar P, Oh HS, Yook C, et al. (2003). "Substance p-fibronectin-cytokine interactions in myeloproliferative disorders with bone marrow fibrosis.". Acta Haematol. 109 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1159/000067268. PMID 12486316.
• Saito R, Takano Y, Kamiya HO (2003). "Roles of substance P and NK(1) receptor in the brainstem in the development of emesis.". J. Pharmacol. Sci. 91 (2): 87–94. doi:10.1254/jphs.91.87. PMID 12686752.
• Di Angelantonio S, Giniatullin R, Costa V, et al. (2004). "Modulation of neuronal nicotinic receptor function by the neuropeptides CGRP and substance P on autonomic nerve cells.". Br. J. Pharmacol. 139 (6): 1061–73. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705337. PMC 1573932. PMID 12871824.
• Bannon MJ, Poosch MS, Haverstick DM, et al. (1992). "Preprotachykinin gene expression in the human basal ganglia: characterization of mRNAs and pre-mRNAs produced by alternate RNA splicing.". Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 12 (1-3): 225–31. doi:10.1016/0169-328X(92)90088-S. PMID 1312203.
• McGregor GP, Conlon JM (1991). "Characterization of the C-terminal flanking peptide of human beta-preprotachykinin.". Peptides 11 (5): 907–10. doi:10.1016/0196-9781(90)90007-R. PMID 2284201.
• Theodorsson-Norheim E, Jörnvall H, Andersson M, et al. (1987). "Isolation and characterization of neurokinin A, neurokinin A(3-10) and neurokinin A(4-10) from a neutral water extract of a metastatic ileal carcinoid tumour.". Eur. J. Biochem. 166 (3): 693–7. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13567.x. PMID 3038549.
• Harmar AJ, Armstrong A, Pascall JC, et al. (1986). "cDNA sequence of human beta-preprotachykinin, the common precursor to substance P and neurokinin A.". FEBS Lett. 208 (1): 67–72. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(86)81534-4. PMID 3770210.
• Bhogal N, Donnelly D, Findlay JB (1994). "The ligand binding site of the neurokinin 2 receptor. Site-directed mutagenesis and identification of neurokinin A binding residues in the human neurokinin 2 receptor.". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (44): 27269–74. PMID 7961636.
• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides.". Gene 138 (1-2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
• Tian Y, Wu LH, Oxender DL, Chung FZ (1996). "The unpredicted high affinities of a large number of naturally occurring tachykinins for chimeric NK1/NK3 receptors suggest a role for an inhibitory domain in determining receptor specificity.". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (34): 20250–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.34.20250. PMID 8702757.
• Tanabe T, Otani H, Zeng XT, et al. (1997). "Inhibitory effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide on substance-P-induced superoxide production in human neutrophils.". Eur. J. Pharmacol. 314 (1-2): 175–83. doi:10.1016/S0014-2999(96)00522-5. PMID 8957234.
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library.". Gene 200 (1-2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
• Zimmer A, Zimmer AM, Baffi J, et al. (1998). "Hypoalgesia in mice with a targeted deletion of the tachykinin 1 gene.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (5): 2630–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.5.2630. PMC 19441. PMID 9482938.
• Ho WZ, Lai JP, Zhu XH, et al. (1998). "Human monocytes and macrophages express substance P and neurokinin-1 receptor.". J. Immunol. 159 (11): 5654–60. PMID 9548509.
• Lai JP, Douglas SD, Ho WZ (1998). "Human lymphocytes express substance P and its receptor.". J. Neuroimmunol. 86 (1): 80–6. doi:10.1016/S0165-5728(98)00025-3. PMID 9655475.