TNFSF18

Tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 18
Rendering based on PDB 2Q1M​.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 2Q1M​, 2R30​, 2R32​, 3B93​, 3B94​
Identifiers
Symbols	TNFSF18 ; AITRL; GITRL; TL6; hGITRL
External IDs	OMIM: 603898 MGI: 2673064 HomoloGene: 3732 GeneCards: TNFSF18 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • receptor binding • cytokine activity • tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily binding Cellular component • extracellular space • plasma membrane • cell surface • integral component of membrane Biological process • adaptive immune response • T cell proliferation involved in immune response • positive regulation of leukocyte migration • signal transduction • cell-cell signaling • tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway • regulation of T cell proliferation • positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein • negative regulation of apoptotic process • positive regulation of cell adhesion • positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	8995	240873
Ensembl	ENSG00000120337	ENSMUSG00000066755
UniProt	Q9UNG2	Q7TS55
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_005092	NM_183391
RefSeq (protein)	NP_005083	NP_899247
Location (UCSC)	Chr 1: 173.04 – 173.05 Mb	Chr 1: 161.49 – 161.51 Mb
PubMed search

Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 18 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF18 gene.^[1][2][3]

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This cytokine is a ligand for receptor TNFRSF18/AITR/GITR. It has been shown to modulate T lymphocyte survival in peripheral tissues. This cytokine is also found to be expressed in endothelial cells, and is thought to be important for interaction between T lymphocytes and endothelial cells.^[3]

References

1. Kwon B, Yu KY, Ni J, Yu GL, Jang IK, Kim YJ, Xing L, Liu D, Wang SX, Kwon BS (Mar 1999). "Identification of a novel activation-inducible protein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and its ligand". J Biol Chem 274 (10): 6056–61. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.10.6056. PMID 10037686.
2. Gurney AL, Marsters SA, Huang RM, Pitti RM, Mark DT, Baldwin DT, Gray AM, Dowd AD, Brush AD, Heldens AD, Schow AD, Goddard AD, Wood WI, Baker KP, Godowski PJ, Ashkenazi A (Apr 1999). "Identification of a new member of the tumor necrosis factor family and its receptor, a human ortholog of mouse GITR". Curr Biol 9 (4): 215–8. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(99)80093-1. PMID 10074428.
3. "Entrez Gene: TNFSF18 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 18".

Further reading

• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, et al. (2003). "The Secreted Protein Discovery Initiative (SPDI), a Large-Scale Effort to Identify Novel Human Secreted and Transmembrane Proteins: A Bioinformatics Assessment". Genome Res. 13 (10): 2265–70. doi:10.1101/gr.1293003. PMC 403697. PMID 12975309.
• Yu KY, Kim HS, Song SY, et al. (2003). "Identification of a ligand for glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor constitutively expressed in dendritic cells". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 310 (2): 433–8. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.09.024. PMID 14521928.
• Kim BJ, Li Z, Fariss RN, et al. (2004). "Constitutive and cytokine-induced GITR ligand expression on human retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors". Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 45 (9): 3170–6. doi:10.1167/iovs.03-0919. PMID 15326137.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Nardelli B, Zaritskaya L, McAuliffe W, et al. (2006). "Osteostat/tumor necrosis factor superfamily 18 inhibits osteoclastogenesis and is selectively expressed by vascular endothelial cells". Endocrinology 147 (1): 70–8. doi:10.1210/en.2005-0518. PMID 16179414.
• Hanabuchi S, Watanabe N, Wang YH, et al. (2006). "Human plasmacytoid predendritic cells activate NK cells through glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-ligand (GITRL)". Blood 107 (9): 3617–23. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-08-3419. PMID 16397134.
• Mahesh SP, Li Z, Liu B, et al. (2006). "Expression of GITR ligand abrogates immunosuppressive function of ocular tissue and differentially modulates inflammatory cytokines and chemokines". Eur. J. Immunol. 36 (8): 2128–38. doi:10.1002/eji.200635893. PMID 16874737.
• Baumgartner-Nielsen J, Vestergaard C, Thestrup-Pedersen K, et al. (2006). "Glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor (GITR) and its ligand (GITRL) in atopic dermatitis". Acta Derm. Venereol. 86 (5): 393–8. doi:10.2340/00015555-0118. PMID 16955181.
• Baltz KM, Krusch M, Bringmann A, et al. (2007). "Cancer immunoediting by GITR (glucocorticoid-induced TNF-related protein) ligand in humans: NK cell/tumor cell interactions". FASEB J. 21 (10): 2442–54. doi:10.1096/fj.06-7724com. PMID 17360848.
• Tuyaerts S, Van Meirvenne S, Bonehill A, et al. (2007). "Expression of human GITRL on myeloid dendritic cells enhances their immunostimulatory function but does not abrogate the suppressive effect of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells". J. Leukoc. Biol. 82 (1): 93–105. doi:10.1189/jlb.0906568. PMID 17449724.
• Bae EM, Kim WJ, Suk K, et al. (2007). "Reverse signaling initiated from GITRL induces NF-kappaB activation through ERK in the inflammatory activation of macrophages". Mol. Immunol. 45 (2): 523–33. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2007.05.013. PMID 17602748.
• Kim YS, Jung HW, Choi J, et al. (2007). "Expression of AITR and AITR ligand in breast cancer patients". Oncol. Rep. 18 (5): 1189–94. doi:10.3892/or.18.5.1189. PMID 17914571.