TT71

Theban tomb TT71
Burial site of Senenmut
Painting from the ceiling from TT71
TT71
Coordinates	25°44′00″N 32°36′29″E / 25.73333°N 32.60806°ECoordinates: 25°44′00″N 32°36′29″E / 25.73333°N 32.60806°E
Location	Sheikh Abd el-Qurna, Theban Necropolis
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[1]
Senenmut in hieroglyphs

Painting from the ceiling

Painting from the ceiling

Theban Tomb TT71 is located in the Theban Necropolis, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite to Luxor. It was the tomb chapel of Senenmut, who was the steward and architect of Hatshepsut.^[2] The chapel is located in the necropolis area around Sheikh Abd el-Qurna. Previously (for about 100 years) the tomb was accessible and for most of this time the target of numerous investigations and intrusions, although early on already heavily destroyed. The tomb was visited already early. In the first half of the Nineteenth Century John Gardner Wilkinson, Robert Hay and J. Wild copied scenes, although the decoration was already badly destroyed. Richard Lepsius (1842–45) took the false door to Berlin and copied some inscribed bricks.^[3] Only in 1906 Kurt Sethe copied all inscriptions. In 1930-31 Herbert Winlock cleared the whole tomb.^[4] Winlock found the fragments of a smashed sarcophagus.

Today the tomb chapel's decoration is almost totally gone. With its dimensions it is one of the biggest Theban chapels of the 18th Dynasty. The facade is about 30 meter wide. In the middle there is the entrance and on either side there are four niches with windows. The inner of the chapel has an (upside-down) T-shaped plan. The transverse hall is about 26 m long and supported by eight columns. At the back there are several small niches. In the hall appears the oldest depictions of Minoans in Egypt so far known.^[5] There are also remains of soldiers under a Hathor frieze^[6] and a biographical inscription. After the transverse hall follows a long passage with a niche at the end. Only few remains of the decoration survived, such as an offering list^[7] and a banquet scene, where Senenmut is once shown with his mother and once with his father.^[8] A special feature only known from this tomb are several rock cut stelae providing the name and titles of Senenmut.^[9]

Above the chapel, cut into the rocks, there is a block statue of Senenmut.

It has always been a matter of confusion that Senenmut had two tombs. However, in the 18th Dynasty several high officials had one decorated tomb chapel and a second tomb with an underground burial chamber often not even close to the chapel. In some cases it can be assumed that they even had an undecorated burial chamber in the Valley of the Kings, while a decorated chapel closer to the fertile land. The burial chamber of Senenmut was found at Deir el-Bahri TT353 and is sometimes called Senemut's 'secret tomb', as it has no chapel, which was in fact TT71.^[10] TT71 functioned most likely also as chapel for Senemut's parents, who were buried close by and are depicted in the chapel.

References

1. Porter and Moss, Topographical Bibliography: The Theban Necropolis, pg 139-142
2. Senenmut: Ramose and Hatnefret
3. The false door (a)
4. Peter F. Dorman: The Monuments of Senenmut, London 1988, p. 85-86 ISBN 0-7103-0317-3; fully published: Peter Dorman: The Tombs of Senenmut, New York 1991,pp. 21-79 ISBN 0-87099-620-7
5. Dorman: The Tombs of Senenmut, pl. 8a
6. Dorman: The Tombs of Senenmut, pl. 8b
7. Dorman: The Tombs of Senenmut, pl. 11
8. Dorman: The Tombs of Senenmut, pl. 9
9. Examples of rock cut stelae (b-f)
10. Dorman: The Monuments of Senenmut, p. 108-09