Taungoo

Toungoo
တောင်ငူမြို့
Toungoo

Location in Burma

Coordinates: 18°56′N 96°26′E / 18.933°N 96.433°E / 18.933; 96.433
Country  Burma
Division Bago RegionToungoo District
Founded 17 April 1279
Government
 • Type District government and Township government
Population (2010)[1]
 • Total 121,000 (est.)
 • Ethnicities Burman, Karen
 • Religions Theravada Buddhism, Christianity
Time zone MST (UTC+6:30)
Old postcard

Taungoo (Burmese: တောင်ငူမြို့; MLCTS: taung ngu mrui., pronounced: [tàʊɴŋù mjo̰]; also spelled Toungoo) is a District level city in the Bago Region of Myanmar, 220 km from Yangon, towards the north-eastern end of the division, with mountain ranges to the east and west. The main industry is in forestry products, with teak and other hardwoods extracted from the mountains. The city is known for its areca palms, to the extent that a Burmese proverb for unexpected good fortune is equated to a "betel lover winning a trip to Taungoo".

The city is famous in Burmese history for the Taungoo Dynasty which ruled the country for over 200 years between the 16th and 18th centuries. Taungoo was the capital of Burma in 1510–1539 and 1551–1552.

Kaytumadi new city(new city of toungoo) is the central command of the southern command division region of Armed Forces (Tatmadaw)

Hanthawaddy United Football Club is based in Taungoo.

History

Taungoo was founded in 1279 in the waning days of Pagan as part of frontier expansion southwards. After the fall of Pagan Empire in 1287, Taungoo came under the rule of Myinsaing Kingdom and later Pinya Kingdom. In 1358, Toungoo successfully revolted and became independent until 1367 when it became a nominal part of the Ava Kingdom. Its rulers retained a large degree of autonomy, playing larger Ava and Hanthawaddy kingdoms against each other. In 1470, Ava put down another rebellion and made Sithu Kyawhtin, the general who defeated the rebellion, governor. Sithu Kyawhtin's grandson Mingyi Nyo became governor of Toungoo in 1485. Under Mingyi Nyo's leadership, the principality grew powerful. In October 1510, Mingyi Nyo formally broke away from Ava and founded the Taungoo Kingdom.[2]

Mingyi Nyo's successors Tabinshwehti and Bayinnaung went on to found the largest empire in the history of south-east Asia.[3] Taungoo's stint as capital was short-lived, however. Tabinshwehti moved the kingdom's capital to Pegu (Bago) in 1539. The city briefly again became capital of a rebellion in 1599 when viceroy Minye Thihathu II of Taungoo declared himself king. In December 1599, Taungoo's forces in collaboration with the Arakanese armies aided by Portuguese mercenaries, sacked Pegu. The rebellious city state remained independent for another 10 years when Natshinnaung ascended the Taungoo throne in 1609. In the following year, King Anaukpetlun captured Taungoo and ended the city's long line of rulers.[4] Although few visible historic remains survive, all four sides of the brick city wall remain from the dynastic period, with the exception of the part of the southern wall. The 9.6 m wide moat has largely dried up, except for a section on the eastern side, which is still maintained.

By the mid-19th century, Taungoo was governed by a local governor appointed by the Konbaung kings. The Taungoo District consisted of 52 wards, including today's Pyinmana (and Naypyidaw) regions. The district was cut in half after the Second Anglo-Burmese War. The British annexed the southern half, including the city of Taungoo while the northern portion, including Pyinmana and Ela, remained under Burmese control.[5]

In 1940, the British Royal Air Force built an airfield north of the town, which from August 1941 through February 1942 served as a training and support base for the 1st American Volunteer Group, popularly known as the Flying Tigers.

Taungoo celebrated its 500th birthday on 16 October 2010, by reconstructing and renovating many city attractions.[2]

Climate

Taungoo has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw) bordering on a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am). Temperatures are hot throughout the year, and the months before the monsoon (March–May) are especially hot with average maximum temperatures exceeding 35 °C (95 °F). There is a winter dry season (November–March) and a summer wet season (April–October).

Climate data for Taungoo
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 30.7
(87.3)		 34.0
(93.2)		 36.6
(97.9)		 37.9
(100.2)		 35.2
(95.4)		 31.2
(88.2)		 30.1
(86.2)		 30.0
(86)		 31.6
(88.9)		 32.4
(90.3)		 31.8
(89.2)		 30.2
(86.4)		 32.64
(90.77)
Average low °C (°F) 14.9
(58.8)		 16.1
(61)		 20.3
(68.5)		 24.1
(75.4)		 24.6
(76.3)		 23.7
(74.7)		 23.6
(74.5)		 23.4
(74.1)		 23.6
(74.5)		 23.0
(73.4)		 20.4
(68.7)		 16.4
(61.5)		 21.18
(70.12)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 7
(0.28)		 1
(0.04)		 4
(0.16)		 430
(16.93)		 193
(7.6)		 376
(14.8)		 419
(16.5)		 449
(17.68)		 277
(10.91)		 157
(6.18)		 44
(1.73)		 13
(0.51)		 2,370
(93.32)
Source: HKO (1961-1990)[6]

Administration

Emergency

Military

Investigation

Demographics

Taungoo's population is estimated be about 121,000.[1] The population was 66000 in 1983 when the last official census in Myanmar was conducted.[7] The Bamar (Burmans) make up the majority with a significant Kayin (Karen) population on the eastern side of the city. The Chinese, Indians, Shan and Kayah people make up the rest.

The majority of residents are Theravada Buddhists, followed by Baptist and Roman Catholic Christians. Taungoo is home to a number of Karen Christian association headquarters and 15 churches.

Transport

Yangon-Taungoo-Mandalay railway

The main transport options to Taungoo is rail and motorways. The Taungoo railway station is on the main north line of Myanmar Railways, and the Taungoo Highway bus station is served by domestic bus lines.

Taungoo Airport is the area's only airport. It is only military base airbase.

Intra-city transport is mainly through a circular railway line which serves around the Taungoo District and bus lines, which serve downtown, and suburban areas:

There are two main road bridges: over the Sittaung River and the Kaphaung River.

Education

Basic Education High School 4

High schools

Taungoo has eight high schools: see List of high schools in Taungoo.

Public universities

Nursing and midwifery schools

Divinity schools

Healthcare

Major sites

kandawgyi
Statue of King Minkyinyo

Pagodas

Notable residents

Media

Gallery

Sacred Heart Roman Catholic Cathedral 
Taungoo Burmese Church 
Trinity Church 
Paku Church 
No.5 State High School, Taungoo 
No.4 State High School, Taungoo 

References

  1. 1 2 "Taungoo, Burma Page". Falling Rain. Retrieved 2010-03-13.
  2. 1 2 Shwe Yinnma Oo (2010-08-02). "Taungoo prepares for 500th birthday". The Myanmar Times. Archived from the original on 4 August 2010.
  3. ↑ Victor B Lieberman (2003). Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800-1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland. Cambridge University Press. pp. 150–154.
  4. ↑ Maung Htin Aung (1967). A History of Burma. New York and London: Cambridge University Press. p. 140.
  5. ↑ Sir James George Scott, John Percy Hardiman (1901). Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States, Part 2 3. Printed by the superintendent, Government printing, Burma. p. 374.
  6. ↑ "Climatological Information for Taungoo, Myanmar". Hong Kong Observatory. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
  7. ↑ "City Population of Myanmar". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2010-03-13.
  8. ↑ http://web.archive.org/web/20130601062357/http://www.elephant.se/location2.php?location_id=1677&show=1. Archived from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 6 July 2012. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  9. ↑ San C. Po, Dr. (1928). "VII Karen Celebrities". Burma and the Karens. London: Elliott Stock.
  10. ↑ http://web.archive.org/web/20111125072352/http://myanmarmp3.net/artist.aspx?ArtID=107. Archived from the original on 25 November 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2012. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  11. ↑ http://web.archive.org/web/20101125114814/http://myanmarmp3.net/artist.aspx?ArtID=357. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010. Retrieved 6 July 2012. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. ↑ http://web.archive.org/web/20130306003732/http://www.mizzima.com/political-pro/new-parties/kpp.html. Archived from the original on 6 March 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2013. Missing or empty |title= (help)

External links

Taungoo
Preceded by
Ava		 Capital of Burma
16 October 1510 – January 1539 		Succeeded by
Bago
Preceded by
Bago		 Capital of Burma
11 January 1551 – 12 March 1552 		Succeeded by
Bago

Coordinates: 18°56′N 96°26′E / 18.933°N 96.433°E / 18.933; 96.433

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