TcdE holin family

The Clostridium difficile TcdE Holin (TcdE Holin) Family (TC# 1.E.19) is a group of transporters belonging to the Holin Superfamily IV.^[1] A representative list of it's members can be found in the Transporter Classification Database.

Toxigenic strains of C. difficile produce two large toxins (TcdA and TcdB) encoded within a pathogenicity locus. tcdE, encoded between tcdA and tcdB, encodes a 166 amino acyl (aa) protein which causes death to E. coli when expressed, and the structure of TcdE resembles holins. TcdE acts on the bacterial membrane. Since TcdA and TcdB lack signal peptides, they may be released via TcdE either prior to or subsequent to cell lysis. Other Clostridial species bear homologues of TcdE.^[2][3]

The transport reaction believed to be catalyzed by TcdE is:

Toxin (in) → Toxin (out)

See also

• Holin
• Lysin
• Clostridium difficile toxin A
• Clostridium difficile toxin B
• Transporter Classification Database

Further reading

• Dingle, Kate E.; Elliott, Briony; Robinson, Esther; Griffiths, David; Eyre, David W.; Stoesser, Nicole; Vaughan, Alison; Golubchik, Tanya; Fawley, Warren N. (2014-01-01). "Evolutionary history of the Clostridium difficile pathogenicity locus". Genome Biology and Evolution 6 (1): 36–52. doi:10.1093/gbe/evt204.ISSN 1759-6653. PMC 3914685. PMID 24336451.
• Dingle, Kate E.; Griffiths, David; Didelot, Xavier; Evans, Jessica; Vaughan, Alison; Kachrimanidou, Melina; Stoesser, Nicole; Jolley, Keith A.; Golubchik, Tanya. "Clinical Clostridium difficile: Clonality and Pathogenicity Locus Diversity". PLoS ONE 6 (5).doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019993. PMC 3098275.PMID 21625511.

References

1. Reddy, Bhaskara L.; Saier Jr., Milton H. (2013-11-01). "Topological and phylogenetic analyses of bacterial holin families and superfamilies". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1828 (11): 2654–2671. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.07.004. PMC 3788059. PMID 23856191.
2. Spigaglia, Patrizia; Mastrantonio, Paola (2002-09-01). "Molecular analysis of the pathogenicity locus and polymorphism in the putative negative regulator of toxin production (TcdC) among Clostridium difficile clinical isolates". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40 (9): 3470–3475. ISSN 0095-1137. PMC 130716. PMID 12202595.
3. Cohen, S. H.; Tang, Y. J.; Silva, J. (2000-02-01). "Analysis of the pathogenicity locus in Clostridium difficile strains". The Journal of Infectious Diseases 181 (2): 659–663. doi:10.1086/315248. ISSN 0022-1899. PMID 10669352.

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