Buynaksk

Buynaksk (English)
Буйнакск (Russian)
Шура (Avar)
-  Town[1]  -

Location of the Republic of Dagestan in Russia
Buynaksk
Location of Buynaksk in the Republic of Dagestan
Coordinates: 42°49′N 47°07′E / 42.817°N 47.117°E / 42.817; 47.117Coordinates: 42°49′N 47°07′E / 42.817°N 47.117°E / 42.817; 47.117
Administrative status (as of April 2006)
Country Russia
Federal subject Republic of Dagestan[1]
Administratively subordinated to Town of Buynaksk[1]
Administrative center of Buynaksky District,[1] Town of Buynaksk[1]
Municipal status (as of October 2012)
Urban okrug Buynaksk Urban Okrug[2]
Administrative center of Buynaksk Urban Okrug,[2] Buynaksky Municipal District
Statistics
Population (2010 Census) 62,623 inhabitants[3]
- Rank in 2010 255th
Time zone MSK (UTC+03:00)[4]
Founded 1834
Town status since 1866
Buynaksk on Wikimedia Commons

Buynaksk (Russian: Буйна́кск; Avar: Шура, Shura) is a town in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia, located at the foothills of the Greater Caucasus on the Shura-Ozen River, 40 kilometers (25 mi) southwest of the republic's capital Makhachkala. Population: 62,623 (2010 Census);[3] 61,437 (2002 Census);[5] 56,783 (1989 Census);[6] 40,000 (1970).

History

Temir-Khan-Shura in the 1900s

Before 1922 Buynaksk was known as Temir-Khan-Shurá (Темир-Хан-Шура), that is, the lake or cliff of Tamerlane who is said to have camped here in 1396 after defeating Tokhtamysh during the Tokhtamysh-Timur war. It first appears in Russian annals in the 1590s when Muscovite ambassadors passed nearby on their way to Georgia. It remained a small town ruled by a Bek. In 1830 the Russians destroyed it when it sided with Kazi Mulla. In 1832 a Russian force under Klugenau camped here during Rosen's raid on Gimry. In 1834 Klugenau built a fort on the rock above the lake and it soon became the headquarters of the Apsheron Regiment and the most important Russian fort in the interior of Degestan during the Murid War. In 1849 Hadji Murad led a daring raid into the town. The place was unhealthy and Argutinsky drained the lake in 1858 to prevent the spread of disease.[7] It was granted town status in 1866. In 1920, it was the center of the ephemeral Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus. On November 13, 1920, the government of the Russian SFSR declared Dagestan's autonomy during the congress of the Dagestani people, which took place in Temir-Khan-Shura. In 1922, the town was renamed Buynaksk in honor of a revolutionary Ullubiy Buynaksky. In May 1970, Buynaksk was badly damaged by an earthquake.

In 1999, a car bomb outside an apartment building housing the families of military officers killed sixty-four people.[8]

On August 13, 2009, Buynaksk was the site of two attacks associated with the growing violence throughout Dagestan and neighboring Chechnya. About ten men first opened fire with automatic weapons on a police post, killing four officers. The gunmen then entered a nearby sauna complex and killed seven female employees.[9]

Three soldiers were killed, and thirty-two were wounded, in a suicide car-bombing at a military base in the city on September 5, 2010. The driver of a Zhiguli automobile smashed through a gate at the base and headed for an area where soldiers were quartered in tents. Soldiers opened fire on the car before it reached the center of the base. The driver then rammed the car into a military truck, where it exploded. After the blast, a roadside bomb hit a car taking investigators to the scene, but no injuries were reported in the second explosion.[8] However, attackers claimed killing 56 Russian soldiers by the bombing.[10]

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Buynaksk serves as the administrative center of Buynaksky District, even though it is not a part of it.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the Town of Buynaksk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the Town of Buynaksk is incorporated as Buynaksk Urban Okrug.[2]

Demographics

Ethnic groups (2002 census):[11]

Climate

Climate data for Buynaksk
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 1.0
(33.8)		 1.9
(35.4)		 6.4
(43.5)		 13.7
(56.7)		 20.4
(68.7)		 24.8
(76.6)		 27.6
(81.7)		 26.6
(79.9)		 21.6
(70.9)		 15.5
(59.9)		 8.5
(47.3)		 3.7
(38.7)		 14.31
(57.76)
Average low °C (°F) −5.3
(22.5)		 −4.4
(24.1)		 −0.4
(31.3)		 4.8
(40.6)		 11.4
(52.5)		 15.6
(60.1)		 18.6
(65.5)		 18.0
(64.4)		 12.7
(54.9)		 7.6
(45.7)		 2.0
(35.6)		 −2.2
(28)		 6.53
(43.77)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 17
(0.67)		 23
(0.91)		 22
(0.87)		 30
(1.18)		 58
(2.28)		 65
(2.56)		 53
(2.09)		 42
(1.65)		 51
(2.01)		 41
(1.61)		 30
(1.18)		 19
(0.75)		 451
(17.76)
Source: Climate-Data.org

[12]

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Law #16
  2. 1 2 3 Law #6
  3. 1 2 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  4. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №248-ФЗ от 21 июля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  5. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  6. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  7. ↑ John F. Baddeley, "The Rugged Flanks of the Caucasus", 1940, Chapter XIII
  8. 1 2 The Guardian. September 5, 2010. Three Russian Soldiers Die in Blast Retrieved September 5, 2010
  9. ↑ The New York Times : 14 August 2009 : Clashes Kill Over 20 in Russia Region Retrieved September 5, 2010
  10. ↑ Kavkazcentr
  11. ↑ http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rndaghestan.html
  12. ↑ "Climate: Buynaksk". Retrieved 2016-02-27.

Sources

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