Testicular disease

Testicular disease
Classification and external resources
Specialty	urology
ICD-10	E29, N43-N44
ICD-9-CM	257, 603-604
MeSH	D013733

Testicular diseases can be classified as endocrine disorders or as a disorders of the reproductive system.

The testicles are well-known to be very sensitive to impact and injury. Blue balls is a slang term for a temporary fluid congestion in the testicles and prostate region caused by prolonged sexual arousal.

The most prominent diseases of testicles are:

testicular cancer and other neoplasms
swelling of a testicle, caused by hydrocele testis
inflammation of the testicles, called orchitis
inflammation of the epididymis, called epididymitis
retention cyst of a tubule of the rete testis or the head of the epididymis, called spermatocele
spermatic cord torsion also called testicular torsion
varicocele — swollen vein from the testes, usually affecting the left testicle^[1]
Hydrocele testis - Collection of fluid around the testicle, like a water balloon.
anorchidism is the absence of one or both testicles.

The removal of one or both testicles is termed:

Orchiectomy, in medicine (where orchiectomy and orchectomy are synonymous), and
Castration in general use, especially when done as punishment or torture, or as a catch-all term for orchidectomy in a veterinary context.
Gelding in the specifically equine sense.

Testicular prostheses are available to mimic the appearance and feel of one or both testicles, when absent as from injury or as treatment in association to gender dysphoria. There have also been some instances of their implanting in dogs ^[2]

Other testicular issues:

Cryptorchidism or "undescended testicles", when the testicle does not descend into the scrotum of the infant boy.

References

Diseases of the endocrine system (E00–E35, 240–259)

Pancreas/
glucose
metabolism

Hypofunction	Diabetes mellitus types: type 1 type 2 MODY 1 2 3 4 5 6 complications coma angiopathy ketoacidosis nephropathy neuropathy retinopathy cardiomyopathy insulin receptor (Rabson–Mendenhall syndrome) Insulin resistance

Hyperfunction	Hypoglycemia beta cell (Hyperinsulinism) G cell (Zollinger–Ellison syndrome)

Hypothalamic/
pituitary axes

Hypothalamus

gonadotropin
- Kallmann syndrome
- Adiposogenital dystrophy
CRH (Tertiary adrenal insufficiency)
vasopressin (Neurogenic diabetes insipidus)
general (Hypothalamic hamartoma)

Pituitary

Hyperpituitarism	anterior Acromegaly Hyperprolactinaemia Pituitary ACTH hypersecretion posterior (SIADH) general (Nelson's syndrome)

Hypopituitarism	anterior Kallmann syndrome Growth hormone deficiency Hypoprolactinemia ACTH deficiency/Secondary adrenal insufficiency GnRH insensitivity FSH insensitivity LH/hCG insensitivity posterior (Neurogenic diabetes insipidus) general Empty sella syndrome Pituitary apoplexy Sheehan's syndrome Lymphocytic hypophysitis

Thyroid

Hypothyroidism	Iodine deficiency Cretinism Congenital hypothyroidism Myxedema Euthyroid sick syndrome

Hyperthyroidism	Hyperthyroxinemia Thyroid hormone resistance Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia Hashitoxicosis Thyrotoxicosis factitia Graves' disease

Thyroiditis	Acute infectious Subacute De Quervain's Subacute lymphocytic Autoimmune/chronic Hashimoto's Postpartum Riedel's

Goitre	Endemic goitre Toxic nodular goitre Toxic multinodular goiter Thyroid nodule

Parathyroid

Hypoparathyroidism	Hypoparathyroidism Pseudohypoparathyroidism Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism	Primary Secondary Tertiary Osteitis fibrosa cystica

Adrenal

Hyperfunction	aldosterone: Hyperaldosteronism/Primary aldosteronism Conn syndrome Bartter syndrome Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism AME Liddle's syndrome 17α CAH cortisol: Cushing's syndrome (Pseudo-Cushing's syndrome) sex hormones: 21α CAH 11β CAH

Hypofunction/ Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's, WF)	aldosterone: Hypoaldosteronism 21α CAH 11β CAH cortisol: CAH Lipoid 3β 11β 17α 21α sex hormones: 17α CAH

Gonads

general: Hypogonadism (Delayed puberty)
Hypergonadism
- Precocious puberty
Hypoandrogenism
Hypoestrogenism
Hyperandrogenism
Hyperestrogenism
Postorgasmic illness syndrome

Height

Multiple

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome multiple
- APS1
- APS2
Carcinoid syndrome
Multiple endocrine neoplasia
- 1
- 2A
- 2B
Progeria
Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome

Male diseases of the pelvis and genitals (N40–N51, 600–608)

Internal

Testicular	Orchitis Hydrocele testis Testicular cancer Testicular torsion Male infertility Aspermia Asthenozoospermia Azoospermia Hyperspermia Hypospermia Oligospermia Necrospermia Teratospermia

Epididymis	Epididymitis Spermatocele Hematocele

Prostate	Prostatitis Acute prostatitis Chronic bacterial prostatitis Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis Benign prostatic hyperplasia Prostate cancer

Seminal vesicle	Seminal vesiculitis

External

Penis	Balanoposthitis/Balanitis (Balanitis plasmacellularis Pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic and micaceous balanitis) Phimosis Priapism Sexual dysfunction Erectile dysfunction Peyronie's disease Penile cancer Penile fracture Balanitis xerotica obliterans

Other

Male congenital anomalies of the genitalia, including Intersex and DSD: (Q53–Q56 752.5–752.7)

Internal

Testicle

Cryptorchidism Polyorchidism Monorchism Anorchia Sertoli cell-only syndrome

True hermaphroditism Mixed gonadal dysgenesis Swyer syndrome

Vas deferens

Congenital absence of the vas deferens

Other

Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome

External

Penis	Hypospadias Chordee Micropenis Penile agenesis Diphallia

Other	Pseudohermaphroditism

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Testicular disease

See also

References