Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone
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 Perspective view, showing the canted phenyl rings[1] | |
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
2,3,4,5-Tetraphenyl-2,4- cyclopentadien-1-one | |
| Other names
Tetracyclone, TPCPD | |
| Identifiers | |
479-33-4  | |
| ChemSpider | 61382 |
| Jmol 3D image | Interactive graph |
| PubChem | 68068 |
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| Properties | |
| C29H20O | |
| Molar mass | 384.48 g·mol−1 |
| Melting point | 219 to 220 °C (426 to 428 °F; 492 to 493 K)[2] |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
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| Infobox references | |
Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone is an organic compound with the formula (C6H5)4C4CO. It is a dark purple to black crystalline solid that is soluble in organic solvents. It is an easily made building block for many organic and organometallic compounds.
Structure
The C5O core of the molecule is planar and conjugated. The C2-C3 and C4-C5 distances are 1.35 Å, while the C1-C2, C3-C4, C5-C1 are closer to single bonds with distances near 1.5 Å.[1] The phenyl groups of tetraphenylcyclopentadienone adopt a "propeller" shape in its 3D conformation. The four phenyl rings are rotated out of the plane of the central ring because of steric repulsion with each other.[3]
Synthesis
Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone can be synthesized by a double aldol condensation involving benzil and dibenzyl ketone in the presence of a basic catalyst.[2][4]
Reactions
The central ring can act as a diene in Diels–Alder reactions with various dienophiles. For example, reaction with benzyne leads to 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene and reaction with diphenylacetylene leads to hexaphenylbenzene.[4] In this way, it is a precursor to graphene-like molecules,[5] such as coronene.
Similarly, pentaphenylpyridine derivatives may be prepared via a Diels–Alder reaction between tetraphenylcyclopentadienone and benzonitrile.
Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone can provide an effective alternative to DDQ in aromatization of parts of porphyrin structures:[6]
Ligand in organometallic chemistry
Tetraarylcyclopentadienones are a well studied class of ligands in organometallic chemistry. The Shvo catalyst, useful for certain hydrogenations, is derived from tetraphenylcyclopentadienone.[7]
See also
References
- 1 2 J. C. Barnes; W. M. Horspool; F. I. Mackie (1991). "2,3,4,5-Tetraphenylcyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-one and 5,6,7,8-tetrachloro-3a,9a-dihydro-2,3,3a,9a-tetraphenylcyclopenta[2,3-b][1,4]benzodioxin-1-one–toluene (2/1): Compounds of photochemical interest". Acta Crystallogr. C 47: 164–168. doi:10.1107/S0108270190005145.
- 1 2 John R. Johnson, J. R.; Grummitt, O. (1943). "Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone". Org. Synth. 23: 92.; Coll. Vol. 3, p. 805
- ↑ Sheley, C. F.; Shechter, H. (1970). "Cyclopentadienones from 1,2,4-cyclopentanetriones, 2-cyclopentene-1,4-diones, and 3-cyclopentene-1,2-diones". The Journal of Organic Chemistry 35 (7): 2367–2374. doi:10.1021/jo00832a058.
- 1 2 Fieser, L. F. (1966). "Hexaphenylbenzene". Org. Synth. 46: 44.; Coll. Vol. 5, p. 604
- ↑ Feng, Xinliang; Pisula, Wojciech; Müllen, Klaus (31 January 2009). "Large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Synthesis and discotic organization". Pure and Applied Chemistry 81 (12). doi:10.1351/PAC-CON-09-07-07.
- ↑ M.A. Filatov, A.Y. Lebedev, S.A. Vinogradov, A.V. Cheprakov (2008). "Synthesis of 5,15-Diaryltetrabenzoporphyrins". J. Org. Chem. 73 (11): 4175–4185. doi:10.1021/jo800509k.
- ↑ Quintard, Adrien; Rodriguez, Jean (14 April 2014). "Iron Cyclopentadienone Complexes: Discovery, Properties, and Catalytic Reactivity". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 53 (16): 4044–4055. doi:10.1002/anie.201310788.