The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian

The Absolutely True Diary of a Part Time Indian

First edition cover
Author Sherman Alexie
Illustrator Ellen Forney
Cover artist Kirk Benshoff
Country United States of America
Language English
Genre Young-adult fiction
Publication date
 September 12, 2007[1]
Media type Print (hardcover & paperback)
Pages 230
ISBN 978-0-316-01368-0
OCLC 154698238
LC Class PZ7.A382 Ab 2007

The Absolutely True Diary of a Part Time Indian is a 2007 novel for young adults written by Sherman Alexie and illustrated by Ellen Forney. The book won several awards.[2] This was the first young-adult fiction work by Alexie, a stand-up comedian, screenwriter, film producer, and songwriter who has previously written adult novels, short stories, poems, and screenplays.[3] Alexie stated that "I did [write the book] because so many librarians, teachers, and teenagers kept asking me to write one."[4]

The Absolutely True Diary is a first-person narrative by Native American teenager Arnold Spirit Jr., also known as "Junior", a 14-year-old budding cartoonist.[2] The book is a bildungsroman, detailing Junior's life on the Spokane Indian Reservation and his decision, upon encouragement from a reservation high school teacher, to go to an all-white public high school in the off-reservation town of Reardan, Washington.[5] The novel has 65 comic illustrations by Forney, which sometimes act as punchlines while also revealing Junior's character and furthering the plot.[6]

The novel is controversial for some of its content on issues such as alcohol, poverty, bullying, violence, and sexual references, as well as for the tragic deaths of characters and for the use of profanity and slurs related to homosexuality and mental disability. As a result, some schools have banned the book from school libraries or inclusion in curricula.[7]

Plot

The book follows one school year in the life of Junior, a fourteen-year old boy living with his family on the Spokane Indian Reservation near Wellpinit, Washington; it is told in episodic diary style, moving from the start of the school year through the major holidays and through to the beginning of summer, and it includes both Junior's written record of his life and drawings he makes, some of them comically commenting on his situations, and other more seriously depicting important people in his life.

The diary begins by setting up Junior's circumstances, including the fact that Junior was born with hydrocephalus and therefore is small for his age and suffers from seizures, poor eyesight, stuttering, and lisping, and therefore has always been picked on by other people on the reservation. His family is poor, a condition Junior attributes to being from the reservation and not having opportunities to fulfill their potential; their poverty is symbolized early when Junior's dog Oscar gets heat stroke and has to be put down by his father because they cannot afford to take him to a veterinarian. The only child friend he has is Rowdy, a classmate who is abused at home but who stands up for Junior and who also lets Junior see his vulnerable side, such as his enjoyment of such kids' comics as Archie and Richie Rich.

The diary then moves to Junior's first day of high school and to the incident that sets up the plot of the book: when his geometry teacher, Mr. P, hands out the textbooks, Junior sees his mother's maiden name written in his, meaning that the textbook is at least thirty years old. Angered and saddened by the fact that the reservation is so poor that it cannot afford new textbooks, Junior violently throws the book, which hits Mr. P's face, breaking his nose. In the ensuing family visit, Mr. P convinces Junior to transfer to Reardan High School, as the school in the reservation is very poor. Reardan High School is in the countryside, with children from families with higher income. Junior is the only Indian at Reardan besides the team mascot.[2] Although Junior's family is poor, and although the school is 22 miles away and transportation is unreliable, they support him and do what they can to make it possible for him to stay in the new school. Rowdy, however, is upset by Junior's decision to transfer, and the best friends have very little contact during the year.

Junior develops a crush on the school's most popular white girl, Penelope, and becomes study friends with a smart student named Gordy. His interactions with the white students give him a better perspective both on white culture and his own. He realizes how much stronger his family ties are than those of his white classmates, noticing that many of the white fathers never come to their children's school events. He also realizes that the white students have different rules than those he grew up with, such as when he reacts to an insult from the school's star athlete, Roger, by punching him in the face. Junior hit him because that's what he had been taught he was expected to do, and he expects Roger to get revenge. But Roger never does; in fact, Roger and his friends show Junior more respect. Junior also gets closer to Penelope, which makes him more popular with the other girls at the school.

Roger suggests that Junior try out for the basketball team, and to Junior's surprise, he makes the varsity team, which puts him against his former school, Wellpinit, and specifically Rowdy, who is Wellpinit's star freshman. Their first match demonstrates to Junior just how angry the reservation people are at him for transferring: when he enters the court, they turn their backs on him. During the game, Rowdy elbows Junior in the head and knocks him unconscious. In their second match that year, Reardan wins and Junior gets to block Rowdy. Junior feels triumphant until he sees the Wellpinit players' faces after their defeat and remembers the difficulties they face at home and their lack of hope for a future; ashamed, he runs to the locker room, where he vomits and then breaks down in tears.

In the course of the year, Junior and his family suffer many tragedies, all related to alcohol abuse: his grandmother is hit and killed by a drunk driver, a fellow Indian; family friend Eugene is shot in the face by his friend Bobby after fighting over alcohol; and his sister and her husband die when their mobile home is accidentally set on fire after a night of heavy drinking. These events test Junior's sense of hope for a better future and make him wonder about the darker aspects of reservation culture. But they also help him see how much his family and his new friends love him, and he learns to see himself as both Indian and American. Meanwhile, Rowdy has realized that Junior is the only nomad on the reservation, which makes him more of a "traditional" Indian than everyone else in town. In the end, Junior and Rowdy reconcile while playing basketball and resolve to correspond no matter where the future takes them.

Characters

Arnold Spirit Jr. – nicknamed Junior, Arnold is a fourteen-year-old boy who lives on the Spokane Indian Reservation. He enjoys playing basketball and drawing cartoons in his free time. Arnold and his family, along with the others on the reservation are dealing with poverty. A lot of times, there is not enough food to eat in their home or enough money for gas in the car, forcing him to hitchhike to school or not go at all. He is incredibly smart and transfers from an all-Indian school to an all-white school.

Agnes Adams (Junior's Mom) – A Spokane Indian, she has lived on the reservation her entire life. She is a bad liar, likes to read books, and is considered by Junior to be very smart. She likes to drink and is seen as eccentric by Junior. "She's a human tape recorder. Really, my mom can read the newspaper in fifteen minutes and tell me baseball scores, the location of every war, the latest guy to win the lottery, and the high temperature in Des Moines, Iowa."[lower-alpha 1]

Arnold Spirit Sr. (Junior's Dad) – An alcoholic and a good singer. He sometimes disappears for days on end on drinking binges. "He sings old country songs. And blues, too. Like a pro."[lower-alpha 1] He can also play the piano, the guitar, and saxophone.

Mr. P – Junior's geometry teacher at the Spokane Indian Reservation school. He mentored Junior's sister and he wants to help Junior leave 'the rez'. He has regrets from beating the Indian out of the children in his years of teaching. He is short and bald. Incredibly absent minded, he often forgets to come to school, but "he doesn't expect much of [his students]."[lower-alpha 2]

Rowdy – "He is long and lean & strong like a snake."[lower-alpha 3] Junior and Rowdy have been the best of friends since they were little. Rowdy's father abuses him, which leads to his bullying behavior. He likes reading comics, like Archie. The comics help him escape the troubles of the real world.

Mary – Junior's sister. Mary has long hair and is nicknamed "Mary Runs Away". She likes to write romance stories and is considered by Junior to be "beautiful and strong and funny". She was very smart but did not have the skills to get a job.[lower-alpha 4] After high school, she did not go to college or get a job, instead she moved to Montana with her new husband she met at the reservation casino. Mary and her new husband die of a fire in their trailer after a partygoer started to make some soup and then forgot and left. A curtain drifted onto the hot plate and the trailer was quickly engulfed. Junior was told that Mary never woke up because she was too drunk.

Roger - Roger is a jock in Reardan High School. When we meet him he calls Junior racist names, and Junior then punches him in the face. Roger then begins to respect Arnold, and the two gradually become friends.

Gordy – A student who attends Reardan, wears glasses, and does everything in the name of science. He is very smart and he eventually becomes Junior's good friend, and, in many ways, his teacher.

Penelope – Junior's girlfriend from Reardan High. She has blond hair and Junior thinks that she is very attractive. She enjoys helping others, is bulimic, and has a racist father named Earl. She is popular and plays on the Reardan volleyball team. She is obsessed with leaving the small town behind and travelling the world.

Eugene – is the best friend of Junior's father. "Eugene was a nice guy, and like an uncle to me, but he was drunk all the time."[lower-alpha 5] He becomes an Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) for the tribal ambulance service and for a brief time drives a 1946 Indian Chief Roadmaster. Eugene dies after being shot in the face by his good friend Bobby, who subsequently hangs himself in jail.

Junior's Grandma – Nicknamed Grandmother Spirit, she is Junior's source of advice and support until she dies after being hit by a drunk driver, while walking on the side of the road on her way home after a powwow. Her dying words were "Forgive him," which meant that she wanted her family to forgive the drunk driver, Gerald, for hitting and killing her. Ironically, she never had a drink in her life. She was also extremely tolerant and loving of all people. Junior's grandma is his favorite person in the world. "My grandmother's last act on earth was a call for forgiveness, love, and tolerance."[lower-alpha 6]

Coach – The coach of the basketball team at Reardan High School. Unlike the teachers who are apprehensive of Junior's attendance at Reardan, the coach pays no attention to Junior's race. He is supportive of Junior both in and outside the court.[lower-alpha 7]

Themes and symbolism

Hope and dreams

Throughout the novel Junior shares his dreams with the readers. In the first chapter, he dreams of becoming a cartoon artist in order to get rich and escape the cycle of poverty and abuse on the reservation. The idea that hope exists off the rez is echoed in later chapters, where Junior finds himself caught between home on the reservation and pursuing his dreams in the outside world. Junior asks his parents, “Who has the most hope?” to which they answer “White people”.[lower-alpha 8] The rez is characterized by lack of opportunity and poor education, the solution to which appears to lie in the Western world. Hence, the novel explores the theme of hope and dreams through Junior’s struggles to find a path to break free of his seemingly doomed fate on the reservation.

Bullying

Junior admits to being a target of bullying due to his appearance and medical history (lisp, seizures, water on the brain). He reveals this information in a way that is both comical as well as sympathetic; he invites readers to share and relate to his experience being bullied. After transferring to Reardan High School, Junior must also deal with being the only poor Native American student in a school full of rich white people, and the pressures of keeping up appearances for fear of losing his peers’ social acceptance.

Violence

Junior lives under the constant threat of physical violence. Although he attempts to assuage the threat through his drawings and light-hearted approach to the problem, he is nevertheless subjected to regular beatings by members of the reservation, including the adults. But violence serves as a form of communication in the reservation. Junior believes it is the Indian’s acknowledgement that they are going nowhere that fuels their violence. Thus, like Rowdy, physical violence is also communicative.

Race

The novel uses humorous narratives and comics to convey the theme of race. It explores racial issues such as stereotyping of Native and White people, the use of indigenous culture as sports mascots, interracial friendships, and cultural tokenization. For example, Junior notes that the only other “Indian” at Reardan was its school mascot, calling attention to the ubiquitous use of indigenous symbols in sports (see “List of sports team names and mascots derived from indigenous peoples”). Although Junior often dichotomizes Whites and Indians, Alexie reveals the stereotyping that occurs while still blurring the lines between races. Junior eventually establishes friendship with many of the White Reardan students, who see past race and accept him for his caring nature, his intelligence, and his basketball talents.

Alcohol abuse

Alcohol abuse is an issue salient to the Spokane reservation. It is directly responsible for the character deaths in the novel and the deaths of most of the Indians on the reservation.[lower-alpha 9] The novel highlights the destructive nature of alcohol abuse and its major contribution to the stagnation of progression at the reservation and dysfunction of the family. Junior voices his disapproval for its widespread use and considers it to be directly responsible for much of the disarray in his own family.

The portrayal of alcoholism in the novel is representative of the problem Native Americans have with the use of alcohol. Much of Sherman’s desire to explore and address the issue of alcoholism derives from his own experiences with alcohol in the reservation. When asked if he feels the need to address alcoholism as a Native American, he replied "the whole race is filled with alcoholics. For those Indians who try to pretend it's a stereotype, they're in deep, deep denial," and by addressing it that "with the social hope that by writing about it, maybe it'll help people get sober, and it has."[8]

Friendship

The centerpiece of the novel is the friendship between Junior and Rowdy, which frames the novel. In the first chapter, Junior says, "Rowdy might be the most important person in my life. Maybe more important than my family.[lower-alpha 10] In the absence of his drunk, emotionally-distant father and eccentric mother, Junior finds solace in Rowdy. But as the novel progresses, Junior begins to make friends at Reardan High and learns just how crucial it is to build new relationships with different people, as they each serve an important role or function in his life.[lower-alpha 11]

Writing and literature

Writing and literature play an important role in the lives of Junior, Rowdy, and Mary. Rowdy reads comics as a way to escape from his abusive, dysfunctional home: “He likes to pretend he lives in comic books.”[lower-alpha 12] Similarly, Mary reads and writes romance novels in order to escape (and run away) from her reality. In contrast, Junior draws cartoons and writes because it makes him feel important and is his way of communicating with the world. Writing, drawing, and reading are activities that are cathartic to them and also function as coping mechanisms to make the dysfunction, violence, and abuse in their lives bearable.

Oscar

Oscar is Junior's stray mutt, best friend, and "the only living thing he can depend on."[lower-alpha 13] He is euthanized by Junior's father at the beginning of the novel because they are unable to afford to take him to a vet. Oscar is a symbol of the struggles and consequences of being poor. Junior's inability to aid his friend reminds him of his poverty and the poverty he believes he is destined to inherit.[lower-alpha 14] However, Oscar's death is also a turning point for Junior as it acts as a catalyst for his change.

Basketball

In the novel, basketball is a symbol of improvement. Before his arrival to Reardan, Junior was, by his own words, "a decent player."[lower-alpha 15] While at Reardan, Junior improves because of the expectations set by his coach and teammates and becomes a valuable asset to the team. By the end of the novel, Junior believes he will be able to beat Rowdy someday. The transformation Junior undergoes through the sport is a testament of his will-power and dedication to better himself.

Reception

Reviews

Bruce Barcott of The New York Times said of the novel in a 2007 review, "For 15 years now, Sherman Alexie has explored the struggle to survive between the grinding plates of the Indian and white worlds. He's done it through various characters and genres, but The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian may be his best work yet. Working in the voice of a 14-year-old forces Alexie to strip everything down to action and emotion, so that reading becomes more like listening to your smart, funny best friend recount his day while waiting after school for a ride home."[9]

The New York Times opined that this was Alexie's "first foray into the young adult genre, and it took him only one book to master it."[9] The San Francisco chronicle praised it as "[a] great book full of pain, but luckily, the pain is spiked with joy and humor."[10]

Reviewers also commented on Alexie's treatment of difficult issues. Delia Santos, a publisher for the civilrights.org page, noted "Alexie fuses words and images to depict the difficult journey many Native Americans face. ... Although Junior is a young adult, he must face the reality of living in utter poverty, contend with the discrimination of those outside of the reservation, cope with a community and a family ravaged and often killed by alcoholism, break cultural barriers at an all-White high school, and maintain the perseverance needed to hope and work for a better future."[11][12] As Andrew Fersch, a publisher for Vail Daily, commented, “most folks block out most of their teenage memory, [while] Alexie embraced it with humor."[13]

Awards

Alexie won three major "year's best" awards for The Diary, a biannual award for books by and about Native Americans, and a California award that annually covers the last four years.

The Diary was also named to several annual lists including three by the library industry.

Controversy

The book has been at the center of several controversies regarding the depiction of sex and violence in books written for young adults. Alexie responded to such complaints in a 2011 Wall Street Journal post entitled "Why the Best Kids Books Are Written in Blood", in which he argues that attempts to prevent school-aged children from learning about the harsher aspects of contemporary life are "way, way too late". He uses his own life as an example:

Of course, all during my childhood, would-be saviors tried to rescue my fellow tribal members. They wanted to rescue me. But, even then, I could only laugh at their platitudes. In those days, the cultural conservatives thought that KISS and Black Sabbath were going to impede my moral development. They wanted to protect me from sex when I had already been raped. They wanted to protect me from evil though a future serial killer had already abused me. They wanted me to profess my love for God without considering that I was the child and grandchild of men and women who’d been sexually and physically abused by generations of clergy.[22]

Alexie also points out in that post that he has visited many classrooms and received many letters and messages from students who liked the book, noting that these students have had difficult experiences similar to his own—"depression, attempted suicide, gang warfare, sexual and physical abuse, absentee parents, poverty, racism, and learning disabilities"—and he notes:

I have yet to receive a letter from a child somehow debilitated by the domestic violence, drug abuse, racism, poverty, sexuality, and murder contained in my book. To the contrary, kids as young as ten have sent me autobiographical letters written in crayon, complete with drawings inspired by my book, that are just as dark, terrifying, and redemptive as anything I’ve ever read.[22]

Censorship

Stockton, Missouri

In April 2010, the Stockton School Board, located in Missouri, voted to remove The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian from the school library after a parent complained about its content.[23] The American Library Association has asked the school board to reconsider its decision. In September 2010 the School Board decided to uphold its April decision to ban the book from the curriculum and from the library with a vote of 5–2.[24]

Richland, Washington

In June 2011, the Richland School Board, in Washington, voted to prohibit the use of The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian for all grade levels. The book was subject to a pilot program, by a ninth-grade English class, prior to an Instructional Materials Committee review. Although the original vote was only about the appropriateness of the novel for freshman English students, the Committee decided to remove it from all grades, by a vote of 3–2.[25][26] At the time of the ban, all 10 copies of the novel at the Richland Library were checked out and the same 10 copies had holds.[7] The decision to ban the novel was reversed the following month[27] after some of the board members and district committee members actually read the novel stating that they found the novel to be "outstanding".[7]

Newcastle, Wyoming

In mid-October 2010, Newcastle Middle School attempted to use the book in the 8th grade English curriculum. At first, the district allowed it under the premise that children who were not allowed to read it would bring a signed paper allowing them to read the alternate book Tangerine. About two weeks after the announcement made to the 8th graders, the school board banned it on terms of teaching it in a curriculum, but still allowed it in the library for those who wished to read it.[28]

Meridian, Idaho

In April 2014, the book was pulled from the Meridian district’s supplemental reading list after significant parental disapproval of the subject matter of the novel. The book had been a part of its curriculum since 2010. Students protested to remove the ban but were unsuccessful. The National Coalition Against Censorship states that The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian is its most frequently defended title.[29][30]

Autobiographical elements

The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian is semi-autobiographical.[31] The novel started as a section of Sherman Alexie's family memoir, but after the persistence of a Young Adult editor he decided to use it as a basis for his first Young Adult novel.[32] Sherman Alexie states that, "If I were to guess at the percentage, it would be about seventy-eight percent true".[16] Like Arnold, Sherman Alexie did grow up on the Spokane Reservation in Wellpinit[33] with an alcoholic father.[3] He was also born with hydrocephalus, like Arnold,[34] but Alexie did not have any speech impediments. Like Arnold, Alexie was also teased for his government-issued, horn-rimmed glasses[3] and nicknamed "The Globe" by fellow students because of his giant head.[3] Another similarity between Alexie and his character is that Alexie also left the reservation to attend high school at Reardan High, but Alexie chose to go to Reardan to achieve the required credits he needed to go to college.[3] Like Arnold, Alexie also became the star player of Reardan's basketball team, and was the only Indian on the team besides the school's team mascot.[3] The scene where Arnold finds that he is using the same textbook his mother did thirty years before him, is drawn from Alexie's own experiences. The only difference from Alexie's life and the novel is that Alexie threw the book against the wall and did not hit anyone.[16]

Audiobook

The author Sherman Alexie himself narrates the audiobook of The Absolutely True Diary Of A Part-Time Indian, which has won many awards for Alexie's creation of an idiosyncratic first-person voice.[35] "Alexie is the perfect choice to read his own story."[35] Alexie is able to convey the messages that the missing cartoons, caricatures, and sketches reveal in the printed text.[35] Alexie is able to do this because of his experience as an orator. He won the Taos Poetry Circus World Heavyweight Championship award three years in a row for his oratorical virtuosity.[3]

Film adaptation

According to the New York Times, there is a US film adaptation in the making produced by Michael Tollin and Kim Zubick.[36]

Educational resources

The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian Storia Teaching Guide

Lesson Plans and Resources for The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian

References

The Absolutely True Diary
  1. 1 2 Alexie, p. 13.
  2. ↑ Alexie, p. 32.
  3. ↑ Alexie, p. 15.
  4. ↑ Alexie, p. 28.
  5. ↑ Alexie, p. 70.
  6. ↑ Alexie, p. 157.
  7. ↑ Alexie, p. 148.
  8. ↑ Alexie, p. 45.
  9. ↑ Alexie, p. 199.
  10. ↑ Alexie, p. 24.
  11. ↑ Alexie, p. 128.
  12. ↑ Alexie, p. 23.
  13. ↑ Alexie, p. 8.
  14. ↑ Alexie, p. 13.
  15. ↑ Alexie, p. 179.
Other
  1. ↑ "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian". Retrieved 2015-04-15 – via Google Books.
  2. 1 2 3 "Reviews". Publishers Weekly 254 (33): 70–71. 2007.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cline, Lynn (2000). "About Sherman Alexie". Ploughshares 26 (4): 197.
  4. ↑ "Every Teen's Struggle". Publishers Weekly 255 (7): 160. 2008.
  5. ↑ "Grades 9-12 Curriculum Connections". School Library Journal 54 (61): 61. 2008.
  6. ↑ Attenberg, Jami (2007). "Absolutely Fabulous". Print 61 (5): 16. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
  7. 1 2 3 McNamee, Gregory (2011). "Absolutely True Tales of Censorship". Kirkus Reviews 79 (16).
  8. ↑ Lieberman, Michael (November 1, 2009). "Sherman Alexie at Big Think". Seattle Post-Intelligencer.
  9. 1 2 Barcott, Bruce (November 11, 2007). "Off The Rez". The New York Times (New York City: New York Times Date = November 11, 2007). Retrieved March 9, 2011.
  10. ↑ Reyhan, Harmanci (September 30, 2007). "Sherman Alexie's new novel takes teen off the rez". San Francisco Chronicle (San Francisco: SFGate). Retrieved March 9, 2011.
  11. ↑ "Civil Rights Book Club: The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian". Civilrights.org. October 1, 2010. Retrieved 2015-04-15.
  12. ↑ Santos, Delia (October 1, 2010). "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian". Retrieved March 9, 2011.
  13. ↑ Fersch, Andrew (October 20, 2007). "Book Review: The Absolutle True diary of a Part time Indian". Vail Daily. Retrieved March 9, 2011.
  14. ↑ "National Book Awards – 2007". National Book Foundation (NBF). Retrieved 2012-04-15.
    (With acceptance speech by Alexie, interview with Alexie, and other material, partly replicated for all five Young People's Literature authors and books.)
  15. ↑ http://ailanet.org/activities/american-indian-youth-literature-award/
  16. 1 2 3 "Fiction and Poetry Award Winner: The Absolutely True Diary Of A Part-Time Indian". Horn Book Magazine 85 (1): 25–28. 2009.
  17. ↑ "Odyssey Award winners and honor audiobooks, 2008-present". ALSC. ALA. Retrieved 2012-04-19.
  18. ↑ "Winners". California Young Reader Medal. Retrieved 2011-05-08.
  19. ↑ "SLJ's Best Books of 2007". Schoollibraryjournal.com. 2008-07-21. Retrieved 2012-04-16.
  20. ↑ "Best Books for Young Adults". Young Adult Library Services 6 (3): 20–22. 2008.
  21. ↑ "2009 Amazing Audiobooks for Young Adults". Young Adult Library Services 7 (3): 30–31. 2009.
  22. 1 2 Alexie, Sherman (June 9, 2011). "Why the Best Kids Books Are Written in Blood". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  23. ↑ Penprase, Mike (September 9, 2010). "Stockton book ban upheld 7-0 in packed public forum". Springfield News-Leader.
  24. ↑ Cedar County Republican, September 15, 2010. Adam Stillman. "The Absolutely True Diary...Absolutely Banned".
  25. ↑ Tri-City Herald, June 19, 2011. Jacques von Lunen. Northwest novel removed from Richland schools' reading list.
  26. ↑ The Spokesman-Review, : Published: June 20, 2011. Compiled from wire reports. NW today: Alexie novel removed from Richland schools.
  27. ↑ Von Lunen, Jacques (July 12, 2011). "Richland School Board reverses course on book ban". Tri-City Herald. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  28. ↑ "Weston County School District #1". Schoolwebpages.com. Retrieved November 20, 2011.
  29. ↑ Flood, Alison (April 8, 2014). "Sherman Alexie young-adult book banned in Idaho schools". The Guardian.
  30. ↑ https://flipboard.com/@efl20/education%2C-teaching-%26-language-pfonfj08y/parents-call-the-cops-on-teens-distributing-a-banned-book/a-Domt6zhcTAKSFvLsBEfToQ%3Aa%3A87968542-db8495929f%2Fgoodereader.com
  31. ↑ "School Library Journal". Amazon.com. 2009-04-01. Retrieved 2013-09-23.
  32. ↑ Margolis, Rick (2007). "Song of Myself". School Library Journal 53 (8): 29. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
  33. ↑ Barcott, Bruce (November 11, 2007). "Off the Rez". The New York Times. Retrieved August 1, 2011.
  34. ↑ "StarTribune Books". Startribune.com. Retrieved 2013-09-23.
  35. 1 2 3 Jemtegaard, Kristi Elle (2008). "Audiobooks for Youth". Booklist 104 (19/20): 122.
  36. ↑ "NY Times on film adaption". Movies.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2013-09-23.
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