Bulletin Debate
The "Bulletin Debate" was a famous dispute in The Bulletin magazine from 1892-93 between two of Australia's most iconic writers and poets: Henry Lawson and Andrew Barton "Banjo" Paterson.
Origin
At the time, The Bulletin was a popular and influential publication, and often supported the typical national self-image held by many Australians, sometimes termed the "bush legend."[1] Many Australian writers and poets, such as "Banjo" Paterson, were based primarily in the city, and had a tendency to romanticise bush life.
On 9 July 1892, Lawson published a poem in The Bulletin entitled "Up The Country". In this poem (beginning with the verse "I am back from up the country—very sorry that I went,—"), Lawson attacked the typical "romanticised" view of bush life.
Paterson's response
On 23 July 1892, Paterson published his reply to Lawson's poem, titled "In Defense of the Bush". Whilst Lawson had accused writers such as Paterson of being "City Bushmen", Paterson countered by claiming that Lawson's view of the bushlife was full of doom and gloom. He appropriately finished his poem with the line "For the bush will never suit you, and you'll never suit the bush." Other Australian writers, such as Edward Dyson, also later contributed to the debate.
In 1939, Banjo Paterson recalled his thoughts about the Bulletin debate:
Henry Lawson was a man of remarkable insight in some things and of extraordinary simplicity in others. We were both looking for the same reef, if you get what I mean; but I had done my prospecting on horseback with my meals cooked for me, while Lawson has done his prospecting on foot and had had to cook for himself. Nobody realized this better than Lawson; and one day he suggested that we should write against each other, he putting the bush from his point of view, and I putting it from mine."We ought to do pretty well out of it," he said. "We ought to be able to get in three or four sets of verses before they stop us."
This suited me all right, for we were working on space, and the pay was very small ... so we slam-banged away at each other for weeks and weeks; not until they stopped us, but until we ran out of material ...[2]
Cultural significance
The Bulletin Debate was followed closely by widespread readers of the publication, reinforcing the Bush as a significant part of Australia's national identity.
There was never any clear "winner" to this debate. However, Paterson presented Australia with the desired image of its national identity, and his short story collections received spectacular sales. In 1993, Paterson replaced Lawson as the poet depicted on the Australian ten-dollar note.
It is somewhat curious that, despite their vastly differing perspectives on Australian bush life, both Lawson and Paterson are often mentioned alongside each other as Australia's most iconic and influential writers.
Criticisms
The Debate did not pass without receiving criticism in regards to its attempts to define Australia's national identity. One British reviewer of the 1890s declared:
The delusion these writers [of 'The Bulletin' school] labour under is trying to be too exclusively Australian, by which they come merely provincial. That a man's lot should be cast in the wilds of Australia is no reason that his whole inner life should be taken up with the glorification of shearers or the ridicule of jackaroos. And a genuine Australian poetry can only arise when such matters fall into their true place and assume their relatively small artistic importance.[1]
Tony Moore, in his 1997 paper about bohemian culture, says:
The bohemian traits revered by 'The Bulletin' writers are almost a caricature of the Australian national type propagated by the journal: mateship and blokey bonding to the exclusion of family life; hostility to religion, personified by the Protestant wowser; ironic humour; a fondness for alcohol, pubs and gambling; pre-occupation with a free-wheeling Australian identity (overlaid with francophilia and Irish nationalism) invariably opposed to a conservative Englishness; and an occasional flirtation with political causes such as socialism and republicanism. The identification of the bohemian with male mateship remains a strong thread in the Australian tradition, but one contested by women like Mary Gilmore in the 1890s, Dulcie Deamer in the 1920s, Joy Hester in the 1940s and Germaine Greer in the 1960s.[1][3]
Works of poetry involved in the debate
| Publication Date | Author | Title |
|---|---|---|
| 9 July 1892 | Henry Lawson | Borderland (retitled Up The Country) |
| 23 July 1892 | Banjo Paterson | In Defence of the Bush |
| 30 July 1892 | Edward Dyson | The Fact of the Matter |
| 6 August 1892 | Henry Lawson | In Answer to "Banjo", and Otherwise (retitled: The City Bushman) |
| 20 August 1892 | Herbert Humphrey Cripps Clark (as "H.H.C.C.")[5] | The Overflow of Clancy |
| 27 August 1892 | Francis Kenna | Banjo, of the Overflow |
| 1 October 1892 | Banjo Paterson | In Answer to Various Bards (retitled An Answer to Various Bards) |
| 8 October 1892 | Henry Lawson | The Poets of the Tomb |
| 20 October 1894 | Banjo Paterson | A Voice from the Town |
See also
References
- 1 2 3 Lawson and The Bulletin Henry Lawson: Australian Writer, Australian Government Culture and Recreation Portal, Accessed on 7 November 2006
- ↑ http://www.uq.edu.au/~mlwham/banjo/bush_controversy.html
- ↑ Romancing the City: Australia's bohemian tradition by Tony Moore, 1997. Accessed on 7 November 2006
- ↑ The "Bush Controversy", Accessed on 7 November 2006
- ↑ Though the identity of H.H.C.C. has been uncertain for most, and at least one commentator believes it to be Henry Lawson - the real identification of "H.H.C.C." (mentioned in Banjo Paterson: Poet by Accident, Colin Roderick, 1993, page 76) can be made with reference to private Cripps Clark family papers owned by a great grand daughter of Herbert Humphrey Cripps Clark. Among diaries, other writings (and submission letters & copies that include an undated carbon copy of the poem -with slight differences to published versions- and the author credited as H.H.C.C.) and remittance clippings confirm that Herbert Humphrey submitted under names including "Cripps Clark", "Two Seas", "H.H.C.C" as well as "H.H.C" in one of the earliest submissions. A letter from his good friend on 18 January 1889 says "I did a few verses of a parody or reply from "Clancy of the Overflow" see Xmas Bulletin .... You write a reply to "Clancy of the Overflow". Herbert Humphrey was a merchant seaman, prospector, selector-cockie, unsuccessful would-be MLA (Free Trade Ind) and part-time freelance journalist published in many regional and country newspapers papers. His stories and poems also appeared in the Lone Hand (illustrated by friend Norman Lindsay), the Bulletin, the Town and Country and several London papers.