Muirfield
|
The Open at Muirfield in July 2013 | |
| Club information | |
|---|---|
| Location | Gullane, East Lothian, Scotland |
| Established | 1744 (1891) |
| Type | Private |
| Total holes | 18 |
| Tournaments hosted |
The Open Championship, The Amateur, Senior British Open |
| Website | muirfield.org.uk |
| Designed by | Tom Morris, Sr. |
| Par | 71 |
| Length | 7,245 yards (6,625 m) |
| Course rating | 73 [1] |
Muirfield is a privately owned links which is the home of The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers. Located in Gullane, East Lothian, Scotland, overlooking the Firth of Forth, Muirfield is one of the golf courses used in rotation for The Open Championship.
Muirfield has hosted The Open Championship sixteen times, most recently in 2013 when Phil Mickelson lifted the trophy. Other past winners at Muirfield include Ernie Els, Nick Faldo (twice), Tom Watson, Lee Trevino, Jack Nicklaus, Gary Player, Henry Cotton, Alf Perry, Walter Hagen, Harry Vardon and Harold Hilton. Muirfield has also hosted The Amateur Championship (ten times), the Ryder Cup in 1973, the 1959 and 1979 Walker Cups, the 1952 and 1984 Curtis Cups, and many other important tournaments.
Muirfield has an unusual layout for a links course. Most links courses run along the coast and then back again leading to two sets of nine holes, the holes in each set facing roughly in the same direction. Muirfield, however, was among the first courses to depart from this arrangement and is arranged as two loops of nine holes, one clockwise, one counterclockwise. This means that, assuming the wind direction remains the same throughout a round, every hole on the course has a different apparent wind direction from the tee. No more than three consecutive holes follow the same direction at any stage.
Jack Nicklaus won three Open Championships, the first at Muirfield in 1966, which completed the first of his three career grand slams. Nicklaus has described Muirfield as "the best golf course in Britain."[2] He later developed a championship golf course and community in Dublin, Ohio, a suburb north of his hometown of Columbus. Opened in 1974, Nicklaus named it Muirfield Village; it has hosted his Memorial Tournament, a top invitational event on the PGA Tour since 1976.
Muirfield has halted two post-war attempts at the grand slam, denying the third major of the year to winners of the first two, the Masters and U.S. Open. Nicklaus was runner-up by a stroke in 1972 to Trevino, and Tiger Woods ran into gale-force winds and rain in the third round in 2002 and shot an 81; he rebounded with a 65 on Sunday to finish at even-par, six strokes out of the playoff in a tie for 28th place.
The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers
The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers, now based at Muirfield, holds the claim of being the oldest verifiable organised golf club in the world, although the game of golf is several centuries older. The club's records date continuously back to 1744, when it produced thirteen "Rules of Golf" for its first competition which was played at Leith Links for the "Silver Club".[3] The first competition was won by John Rattray, who signed the rules and became the first club captain.[4] The club played on the five holes at Leith Links for nearly a century, but overcrowding forced a move in 1836 to Musselburgh Old Course's 9-hole Old Course. Musselburgh, like many prestigious Scottish courses including St Andrews, is a public course, and this course also eventually became too crowded for the liking of the HCEG's members.
In 1891, the club built a new private 18-hole course at Muirfield, taking the Open Championship with them. This situation caused some ill feeling at Musselburgh, which lost the right to hold the Open from that point forward. Old Tom Morris designed the new course, which met with wide approval from the start; it has been modified and updated several times since, in significant ways up to the late 1920s, after which it has remained stable.[5] The first Open held on the new course in 1892 was the first tournament anywhere contested over four rounds, or 72 holes.[6]
Membership policy
Though women can play the course as guests or visitors they are barred from holding membership of the Company.[7][8]
Course
The course has been extended by 211 yards (193 m) since the 2002 Championship to 7,245 yards (6,625 m).[9]
| Hole | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | Out | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | In | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yards | 450 | 367 | 379 | 229 | 561 | 469 | 187 | 445 | 558 | 3,645 | 472 | 389 | 382 | 193 | 478 | 447 | 188 | 578 | 473 | 3,600 | 7,245 |
| Par | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 36 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 35 | 71 |
Lengths of the course for Opens since 1950:[10][11]
The Open Championship
The Open Championship was first held at Muirfield in 1892 and has hosted 16 times, the last in 2013.
| Year | Winner | Score | Winner's share (£) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | Total | |||
| 1892 |  Harold Hilton (a) 1st | 78 | 81 | 72 | 74 | 305 | (am) |
| 1896 |  Harry Vardon 1st | 83 | 78 | 78 | 77 | 316 PO | 30 |
| 1901 |  James Braid 1st | 79 | 76 | 74 | 80 | 309 | 30 |
| 1906 | James Braid 3rd | 77 | 76 | 74 | 73 | 300 | 30 |
| 1912 | Ted Ray | 71 | 73 | 76 | 75 | 295 | 50 |
| 1929 |  Walter Hagen 4th | 75 | 67 | 75 | 75 | 292 (+12) | 100 |
| 1935 | Alf Perry | 69 | 75 | 67 | 72 | 283 (−5) | 100 |
| 1948 | Henry Cotton 3rd | 71 | 66 | 75 | 72 | 284 (E) | 150 |
| 1959 | .svg.png){kind=small} Gary Player 1st | 75 | 71 | 70 | 68 | 284 (−4) | 1,000 |
| 1966 |  Jack Nicklaus 1st | 70 | 67 | 75 | 70 | 282 (−2) | 2,100 |
| 1972 | Lee Trevino 2nd | 71 | 70 | 66 | 71 | 278 (−6) | 5,500 |
| 1980 | Tom Watson 3rd | 68 | 70 | 64 | 69 | 271 (−13) | 25,000 |
| 1987 | Nick Faldo 1st | 68 | 69 | 71 | 71 | 279 (−5) | 75,000 |
| 1992 | Nick Faldo 3rd | 66 | 64 | 69 | 73 | 272 (−12) | 95,000 |
| 2002 |  Ernie Els 1st | 70 | 66 | 72 | 70 | 278 (−6)PO | 700,000 |
| 2013 | Phil Mickelson | 69 | 74 | 72 | 66 | 281 (−3) | 945,000 |
- Note: For multiple winners of The Open Championship, superscript ordinal identifies which in their respective careers.
- (a) denotes amateur
The Senior British Open
The Senior British Open Championship was first held at Muirfield in 2007.
| Year | Winner | Score | Winner's share (£) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | Total | |||
| 2007 | Tom Watson 3rd | 70 | 71 | 70 | 73 | 284 (E) | 157,800 |
Source:[12]
See also
References
- ↑ "Course layout". Muirfield. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
- ↑ "Muirfield club steeped in tradition". The Phoenix. 14 July 1980. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
- ↑ "Scottish Golf History: The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfersinto History". Retrieved 31 March 2013.
- ↑ Burnett, Allan; Geddes, Olive (Summer 2010). "Slicing into History" (PDF). Discover NLS - Magazine Issue 16. National Library of Scotland. pp. 16–19. Retrieved 24 July 2010.
- ↑ The Golf Course, by Geoffrey Cornish and Ronald Whitten, 1981.
- ↑ The World Atlas of Golf, second edition, 1987, Mitchell Beazely publishers, London.
- ↑ Brown, Oliver (15 July 2013). "The Open 2013: Muirfield's ban on women set to go with reactionary secretary Alastair Brown". The Telegraph. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
- ↑ Murray, Ewan (16 July 2013). "The Open 2013: Muirfield will not change its male-only ways in a hurry". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
- ↑ "The Course". Muirfield: The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
- ↑ "Media guide". The Open Championship. 2011. p. 203. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
- ↑ "British Open: hole-by-hole analysis". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. 18 July 2002. p. 3C.
- ↑ "Major Tom: Watson captures a third Senior British Open". European Senior Tour. 29 July 2007. Retrieved 2 July 2012.
External links
- Official website
- 3D Course Planner at ProVisualizer
- The 2013 Open Championship Course Guide
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Coordinates: 56°02′31″N 2°49′16″W / 56.042°N 2.821°W